Noninvasive Molecular Imaging of Neuroinflammation

Inflammation is a highly dynamic and complex adaptive process to preserve and restore tissue homeostasis. Originally viewed as an immune-privileged organ, the central nervous system (CNS) is now recognized to have a constant interplay with the innate and the adaptive immune systems, where resident m...

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Vydáno v:	Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism Ročník 32; číslo 7; s. 1393 - 1415
Hlavní autoři:	Jacobs, Andreas H, Tavitian, Bertrand
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	London, England SAGE Publications 01.07.2012 Nature Publishing Group Sage Publications Ltd
Témata:	Animal models Animals Biological and medical sciences Blood. Blood coagulation. Reticuloendothelial system Brain - immunology Brain - pathology Brain tumors Central nervous system Cerebral blood flow Encephalitis Epilepsy Glioma Homeostasis Humans Immune privilege Immune system Inflammation Inflammation - immunology Inflammation - pathology Medical sciences Microglia Molecular Imaging - methods Multiple sclerosis Neurodegeneration Neuroimaging - methods Neurological diseases Neurology Pharmacology. Drug treatments Regeneration Review Spinal Cord - immunology Spinal Cord - pathology Stroke Vascular diseases and vascular malformations of the nervous system molecular imaging inflammation Alzheimer's disease microglia cerebral ischemia multiple sclerosis Molecular imaging Nervous system diseases Multiple sclerosis Alzheimer disease Cardiovascular disease Inflammation Inflammatory disease Cerebral disorder Microglia Vascular disease Central nervous system disease Brain ischemia Degenerative disease Cerebrovascular disease
ISSN:	0271-678X, 1559-7016, 1559-7016
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Popis
Shrnutí:	Inflammation is a highly dynamic and complex adaptive process to preserve and restore tissue homeostasis. Originally viewed as an immune-privileged organ, the central nervous system (CNS) is now recognized to have a constant interplay with the innate and the adaptive immune systems, where resident microglia and infiltrating immune cells from the periphery have important roles. Common diseases of the CNS, such as stroke, multiple sclerosis (MS), and neurodegeneration, elicit a neuroinflammatory response with the goal to limit the extent of the disease and to support repair and regeneration. However, various disease mechanisms lead to neuroinflammation (NI) contributing to the disease process itself. Molecular imaging is the method of choice to try to decipher key aspects of the dynamic interplay of various inducers, sensors, transducers, and effectors of the orchestrated inflammatory response in vivo in animal models and patients. Here, we review the basic principles of NI with emphasis on microglia and common neurologic disease mechanisms, the molecular targets which are being used and explored for imaging, and molecular imaging of NI in frequent neurologic diseases, such as stroke, MS, neurodegeneration, epilepsy, encephalitis, and gliomas.
Bibliografie:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 ObjectType-Article-2 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23 ObjectType-Review-3 The principle investigators of the INMiND consortium are listed at the end (see Appendix).
ISSN:	0271-678X 1559-7016 1559-7016
DOI:	10.1038/jcbfm.2012.53