Diagnostic biomarkers for active tuberculosis: progress and challenges

Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality from a single infectious agent, despite being preventable and curable. Early and accurate diagnosis of active TB is critical to both enhance patient care, improve patient outcomes, and break Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) transmissi...

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Published in:EMBO molecular medicine Vol. 14; no. 12; pp. e14088 - n/a
Main Authors: Nogueira, Betânia M F, Krishnan, Sonya, Barreto‐Duarte, Beatriz, Araújo‐Pereira, Mariana, Queiroz, Artur T L, Ellner, Jerrold J, Salgame, Padmini, Scriba, Thomas J, Sterling, Timothy R, Gupta, Amita, Andrade, Bruno B
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 07.12.2022
EMBO Press
John Wiley and Sons Inc
Springer Nature
Subjects:
active TB
Biomarkers
Child
COVID-19
Diagnosis
diagnostic biomarkers
EMBO02
EMBO23
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus
Humans
Morbidity
Patients
Point of care testing
Review
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis - diagnosis
biomarkers
diagnostic biomarkers
active TB
tuberculosis
ISSN:1757-4676, 1757-4684, 1757-4684
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality from a single infectious agent, despite being preventable and curable. Early and accurate diagnosis of active TB is critical to both enhance patient care, improve patient outcomes, and break Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) transmission cycles. In 2020 an estimated 9.9 million people fell ill from Mtb , but only a little over half (5.8 million) received an active TB diagnosis and treatment. The World Health Organization has proposed target product profiles for biomarker‐ or biosignature‐based diagnostics using point‐of‐care tests from easily accessible specimens such as urine or blood. Here we review and summarize progress made in the development of pathogen‐ and host‐based biomarkers for active TB diagnosis. We describe several unique patient populations that have posed challenges to development of a universal diagnostic TB biomarker, such as people living with HIV, extrapulmonary TB, and children. We also review additional limitations to widespread validation and utilization of published biomarkers. We conclude with proposed solutions to enhance TB diagnostic biomarker validation and uptake. Graphical Abstract In this review, B. Andrade and colleagues discuss progress and challenges in the development of diagnostic biomarkers for active tuberculosis and propose potential solutions to improve tuberculosis biomarker validation and implementation.
Bibliography:See the Glossary for abbreviations used in this article.
These authors contributed equally to this work
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ISSN:1757-4676
1757-4684
1757-4684
DOI:10.15252/emmm.202114088