Factor structure of the Maslach burnout inventory: An analysis of data from large scale cross-sectional surveys of nurses from eight countries

Job burnout is an important predictor of nurse retention. Reliable and valid measures are required to monitor this phenomenon internationally. To evaluate the applicability of the Maslach burnout inventory (MBI) in international nursing research. Secondary analysis of cross-sectional hospital nurse...

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Published in:International journal of nursing studies Vol. 46; no. 7; pp. 894 - 902
Main Authors: Poghosyan, Lusine, Aiken, Linda H., Sloane, Douglas M.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.07.2009
Elsevier Limited
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ISSN:0020-7489, 1873-491X, 1873-491X
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Abstract Job burnout is an important predictor of nurse retention. Reliable and valid measures are required to monitor this phenomenon internationally. To evaluate the applicability of the Maslach burnout inventory (MBI) in international nursing research. Secondary analysis of cross-sectional hospital nurse survey data from eight countries. Hospitals in the U.S., Canada, the U.K., Germany, New Zealand, Japan, Russia and Armenia. 54,738 direct care professional nurses from 646 hospitals in eight countries. Confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis were undertaken to identify the factor structure of the MBI. The internal consistencies of the subscales were investigated. Exploratory factor analysis revealed three factors being extracted from the 22-item Maslach burnout inventory. In nearly all countries the two items (6 and 16) related to the “stress” and “strain” involved in working with people loaded on the depersonalization subscale rather than the emotional exhaustion subscale to which they were initially assigned. The three subscales exhibited high reliability with Cronbach alphas exceeding the critical value of 0.70. The correlation coefficients for the emotional exhaustion and depersonalization subscales were strong and positive. The 22-item Maslach burnout inventory has a similar factor structure and, with minor modifications, performed similarly across countries. The predictive validity of the emotional exhaustion and depersonalization subscales might be improved by moving the two items related to stress and strain from the emotional exhaustion to the depersonalization subscale. Nevertheless, the MBI can be used with confidence as a burnout measure among nurses internationally to determine the effectiveness of burnout reduction measures generated by institutional and national policies.
AbstractList Job burnout is an important predictor of nurse retention. Reliable and valid measures are required to monitor this phenomenon internationally. To evaluate the applicability of the Maslach burnout inventory (MBI) in international nursing research. Secondary analysis of cross-sectional hospital nurse survey data from eight countries. Hospitals in the U.S., Canada, the U.K., Germany, New Zealand, Japan, Russia and Armenia. 54,738 direct care professional nurses from 646 hospitals in eight countries. Confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis were undertaken to identify the factor structure of the MBI. The internal consistencies of the subscales were investigated. Exploratory factor analysis revealed three factors being extracted from the 22-item Maslach burnout inventory. In nearly all countries the two items (6 and 16) related to the “stress” and “strain” involved in working with people loaded on the depersonalization subscale rather than the emotional exhaustion subscale to which they were initially assigned. The three subscales exhibited high reliability with Cronbach alphas exceeding the critical value of 0.70. The correlation coefficients for the emotional exhaustion and depersonalization subscales were strong and positive. The 22-item Maslach burnout inventory has a similar factor structure and, with minor modifications, performed similarly across countries. The predictive validity of the emotional exhaustion and depersonalization subscales might be improved by moving the two items related to stress and strain from the emotional exhaustion to the depersonalization subscale. Nevertheless, the MBI can be used with confidence as a burnout measure among nurses internationally to determine the effectiveness of burnout reduction measures generated by institutional and national policies.
Research to investigate how applicable and reliable the full Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was in cross-national burnout research. Nurses from 8 English and non-English speaking countries were surveyed to measure the different dimensions of burnout in different countries and to identify whether international comparisons were possible using the MBI. [(BNI unique abstract)] 41 references
Background: Job burnout is an important predictor of nurse retention. Reliable and valid measures are required to monitor this phenomenon internationally. Objective: To evaluate the applicability of the Maslach burnout inventory (MBI) in international nursing research. Design: Secondary analysis of cross-sectional hospital nurse survey data from eight countries. Settings: Hospitals in the U.S., Canada, the U.K., Germany, New Zealand, Japan, Russia and Armenia. Participants: 54,738 direct care professional nurses from 646 hospitals in eight countries. Methods: Confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis were undertaken to identify the factor structure of the MBI. The internal consistencies of the subscales were investigated. Results: Exploratory factor analysis revealed three factors being extracted from the 22-item Maslach burnout inventory. In nearly all countries the two items (6 and 16) related to the ''stress'' and ''strain'' involved in working with people loaded on the depersonalization subscale rather than the emotional exhaustion subscale to which they were initially assigned. The three subscales exhibited high reliability with Cronbach alphas exceeding the critical value of 0.70. The correlation coefficients for the emotional exhaustion and depersonalization subscales were strong and positive. Conclusions: The 22-item Maslach burnout inventory has a similar factor structure and, with minor modifications, performed similarly across countries. The predictive validity of the emotional exhaustion and depersonalization subscales might be improved by moving the two items related to stress and strain from the emotional exhaustion to the depersonalization subscale. Nevertheless, the MBI can be used with confidence as a burnout measure among nurses internationally to determine the effectiveness of burnout reduction measures generated by institutional and national policies.
Job burnout is an important predictor of nurse retention. Reliable and valid measures are required to monitor this phenomenon internationally. To evaluate the applicability of the Maslach burnout inventory (MBI) in international nursing research. Secondary analysis of cross-sectional hospital nurse survey data from eight countries. Hospitals in the U.S., Canada, the U.K., Germany, New Zealand, Japan, Russia and Armenia. 54,738 direct care professional nurses from 646 hospitals in eight countries. Confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis were undertaken to identify the factor structure of the MBI. The internal consistencies of the subscales were investigated. Exploratory factor analysis revealed three factors being extracted from the 22-item Maslach burnout inventory. In nearly all countries the two items (6 and 16) related to the "stress" and "strain" involved in working with people loaded on the depersonalization subscale rather than the emotional exhaustion subscale to which they were initially assigned. The three subscales exhibited high reliability with Cronbach alphas exceeding the critical value of 0.70. The correlation coefficients for the emotional exhaustion and depersonalization subscales were strong and positive. The 22-item Maslach burnout inventory has a similar factor structure and, with minor modifications, performed similarly across countries. The predictive validity of the emotional exhaustion and depersonalization subscales might be improved by moving the two items related to stress and strain from the emotional exhaustion to the depersonalization subscale. Nevertheless, the MBI can be used with confidence as a burnout measure among nurses internationally to determine the effectiveness of burnout reduction measures generated by institutional and national policies.
Job burnout is an important predictor of nurse retention. Reliable and valid measures are required to monitor this phenomenon internationally.BACKGROUNDJob burnout is an important predictor of nurse retention. Reliable and valid measures are required to monitor this phenomenon internationally.To evaluate the applicability of the Maslach burnout inventory (MBI) in international nursing research.OBJECTIVETo evaluate the applicability of the Maslach burnout inventory (MBI) in international nursing research.Secondary analysis of cross-sectional hospital nurse survey data from eight countries.DESIGNSecondary analysis of cross-sectional hospital nurse survey data from eight countries.Hospitals in the U.S., Canada, the U.K., Germany, New Zealand, Japan, Russia and Armenia.SETTINGSHospitals in the U.S., Canada, the U.K., Germany, New Zealand, Japan, Russia and Armenia.54,738 direct care professional nurses from 646 hospitals in eight countries.PARTICIPANTS54,738 direct care professional nurses from 646 hospitals in eight countries.Confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis were undertaken to identify the factor structure of the MBI. The internal consistencies of the subscales were investigated.METHODSConfirmatory and exploratory factor analysis were undertaken to identify the factor structure of the MBI. The internal consistencies of the subscales were investigated.Exploratory factor analysis revealed three factors being extracted from the 22-item Maslach burnout inventory. In nearly all countries the two items (6 and 16) related to the "stress" and "strain" involved in working with people loaded on the depersonalization subscale rather than the emotional exhaustion subscale to which they were initially assigned. The three subscales exhibited high reliability with Cronbach alphas exceeding the critical value of 0.70. The correlation coefficients for the emotional exhaustion and depersonalization subscales were strong and positive.RESULTSExploratory factor analysis revealed three factors being extracted from the 22-item Maslach burnout inventory. In nearly all countries the two items (6 and 16) related to the "stress" and "strain" involved in working with people loaded on the depersonalization subscale rather than the emotional exhaustion subscale to which they were initially assigned. The three subscales exhibited high reliability with Cronbach alphas exceeding the critical value of 0.70. The correlation coefficients for the emotional exhaustion and depersonalization subscales were strong and positive.The 22-item Maslach burnout inventory has a similar factor structure and, with minor modifications, performed similarly across countries. The predictive validity of the emotional exhaustion and depersonalization subscales might be improved by moving the two items related to stress and strain from the emotional exhaustion to the depersonalization subscale. Nevertheless, the MBI can be used with confidence as a burnout measure among nurses internationally to determine the effectiveness of burnout reduction measures generated by institutional and national policies.CONCLUSIONSThe 22-item Maslach burnout inventory has a similar factor structure and, with minor modifications, performed similarly across countries. The predictive validity of the emotional exhaustion and depersonalization subscales might be improved by moving the two items related to stress and strain from the emotional exhaustion to the depersonalization subscale. Nevertheless, the MBI can be used with confidence as a burnout measure among nurses internationally to determine the effectiveness of burnout reduction measures generated by institutional and national policies.
Author Sloane, Douglas M.
Aiken, Linda H.
Poghosyan, Lusine
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Lusine
  surname: Poghosyan
  fullname: Poghosyan, Lusine
  email: l.poghosyan@neu.edu
  organization: Bouve’ College of Health Sciences, School of Nursing and School of Health Professions/Masters of Public Health (MPH), Northeastern University, 103 Robinson Hall, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115-5000, USA
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Linda H.
  surname: Aiken
  fullname: Aiken, Linda H.
  organization: Center for Health Outcomes and Policy Research, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, USA
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Douglas M.
  surname: Sloane
  fullname: Sloane, Douglas M.
  organization: Center for Health Outcomes and Policy Research, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, USA
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19362309$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Burnout
Factor analysis
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Snippet Job burnout is an important predictor of nurse retention. Reliable and valid measures are required to monitor this phenomenon internationally. To evaluate the...
Job burnout is an important predictor of nurse retention. Reliable and valid measures are required to monitor this phenomenon internationally. To evaluate the...
Background: Job burnout is an important predictor of nurse retention. Reliable and valid measures are required to monitor this phenomenon internationally....
Job burnout is an important predictor of nurse retention. Reliable and valid measures are required to monitor this phenomenon internationally.BACKGROUNDJob...
Research to investigate how applicable and reliable the full Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was in cross-national burnout research. Nurses from 8 English and...
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SourceType Open Access Repository
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Index Database
Enrichment Source
Publisher
StartPage 894
SubjectTerms Adult
Burnout
Burnout, Professional
Correlation analysis
Cross-national research
Cross-Sectional Studies
Data Collection
Depersonalization
Discriminant analysis
Emotions
Exploratory factor analysis
Factor analysis
Factor Analysis, Statistical
Fatigue
Hospitals
Humans
Indexes
International comparisons
Internationality
Measures
Medical personnel
Middle Aged
Nurses
Nurses - psychology
Nursing
Polls & surveys
Predictive validity
Reliability
Statistical analysis
Stress
Title Factor structure of the Maslach burnout inventory: An analysis of data from large scale cross-sectional surveys of nurses from eight countries
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2009.03.004
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19362309
https://www.proquest.com/docview/201546127
https://www.proquest.com/docview/20682334
https://www.proquest.com/docview/67399103
https://www.proquest.com/docview/764396669
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC2700194
Volume 46
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