School closure during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic – Impact on children's sleep

To evaluate the sleep habits of school-going children before and during school closure in the national lockdown period (called ‘Circuit Breaker’ or CB in Singapore) due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Cross-sectional, anonymous, online, population-based survey questionnaire was administered to parents age...

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Published in:	Sleep medicine Vol. 78; pp. 108 - 114
Main Authors:	Lim, Michael Teik Chung, Ramamurthy, Mahesh Babu, Aishworiya, Ramkumar, Rajgor, Dimple D., Tran, Anh Phuong, Hiriyur, Prerana, Kunaseelan, Shangari, Jabri, Majid, Goh, Daniel Yam Thiam
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.02.2021
Subjects:	Adolescent Child Child Behavior - psychology Children COVID-19 COVID-19 - epidemiology Cross-Sectional Studies Disease Outbreaks - statistics & numerical data Education, Distance - statistics & numerical data Female Humans Internet Use - statistics & numerical data Lockdown Male Original School closure Sleep Sleep Wake Disorders - epidemiology Social Environment Students - statistics & numerical data COVID-19 Lockdown Sleep Children Circuit Breaker School closure
ISSN:	1389-9457, 1878-5506, 1878-5506
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Abstract	To evaluate the sleep habits of school-going children before and during school closure in the national lockdown period (called ‘Circuit Breaker’ or CB in Singapore) due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Cross-sectional, anonymous, online, population-based survey questionnaire was administered to parents aged 21 years and above with children aged between 3 and 16 years attending pre-school, primary or secondary school (equivalent to kindergarten, middle and-high school) and residing in Singapore. Sleep duration in relation to various daily activities including academic activities, physical exercise, and screen time was evaluated pre-CB and during CB. Data from 593 participants were analyzed. Pre-CB, the overall mean (SD) sleep duration of the study population was 9.01 (1.18) hours on weekdays and 9.99 (0.94) hours on weekends. During CB, mean (SD) sleep duration overall was 9.63 (1.18) hours. Although children generally went to bed later (mean 0.65 h later), they woke up even later during CB (mean 1.27 h later), resulting in longer sleep duration (mean increase of 0.35 h). This was most evident in secondary school children (mean increase of 0.70 h). Children attending private schools (which had later start times) had increased sleep duration (mean 10.01 (SD 0.89) hours pre-CB and 10.05 (SD 0.93) hours during CB) compared to public schools (mean 9.05 (SD 0.91) pre-CB and 9.49 (SD 1.22) hours during CB). School closure from the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in longer sleep duration in school-going children. Early school/academic activity start times had a significant impact on limiting children's sleep duration. •Children slept longer when learning moved to the home during the COVID-19 pandemic.•A later start time for daily academic activities resulted in longer sleep duration.•Early school start times have an impact on limiting children's sleep duration.•A shift to later school start times should be considered to facilitate increased sleep for children.
AbstractList	To evaluate the sleep habits of school-going children before and during school closure in the national lockdown period (called 'Circuit Breaker' or CB in Singapore) due to the COVID-19 pandemic.OBJECTIVETo evaluate the sleep habits of school-going children before and during school closure in the national lockdown period (called 'Circuit Breaker' or CB in Singapore) due to the COVID-19 pandemic.Cross-sectional, anonymous, online, population-based survey questionnaire was administered to parents aged 21 years and above with children aged between 3 and 16 years attending pre-school, primary or secondary school (equivalent to kindergarten, middle and-high school) and residing in Singapore. Sleep duration in relation to various daily activities including academic activities, physical exercise, and screen time was evaluated pre-CB and during CB.METHODSCross-sectional, anonymous, online, population-based survey questionnaire was administered to parents aged 21 years and above with children aged between 3 and 16 years attending pre-school, primary or secondary school (equivalent to kindergarten, middle and-high school) and residing in Singapore. Sleep duration in relation to various daily activities including academic activities, physical exercise, and screen time was evaluated pre-CB and during CB.Data from 593 participants were analyzed. Pre-CB, the overall mean (SD) sleep duration of the study population was 9.01 (1.18) hours on weekdays and 9.99 (0.94) hours on weekends. During CB, mean (SD) sleep duration overall was 9.63 (1.18) hours. Although children generally went to bed later (mean 0.65 h later), they woke up even later during CB (mean 1.27 h later), resulting in longer sleep duration (mean increase of 0.35 h). This was most evident in secondary school children (mean increase of 0.70 h). Children attending private schools (which had later start times) had increased sleep duration (mean 10.01 (SD 0.89) hours pre-CB and 10.05 (SD 0.93) hours during CB) compared to public schools (mean 9.05 (SD 0.91) pre-CB and 9.49 (SD 1.22) hours during CB).RESULTSData from 593 participants were analyzed. Pre-CB, the overall mean (SD) sleep duration of the study population was 9.01 (1.18) hours on weekdays and 9.99 (0.94) hours on weekends. During CB, mean (SD) sleep duration overall was 9.63 (1.18) hours. Although children generally went to bed later (mean 0.65 h later), they woke up even later during CB (mean 1.27 h later), resulting in longer sleep duration (mean increase of 0.35 h). This was most evident in secondary school children (mean increase of 0.70 h). Children attending private schools (which had later start times) had increased sleep duration (mean 10.01 (SD 0.89) hours pre-CB and 10.05 (SD 0.93) hours during CB) compared to public schools (mean 9.05 (SD 0.91) pre-CB and 9.49 (SD 1.22) hours during CB).School closure from the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in longer sleep duration in school-going children. Early school/academic activity start times had a significant impact on limiting children's sleep duration.CONCLUSIONSSchool closure from the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in longer sleep duration in school-going children. Early school/academic activity start times had a significant impact on limiting children's sleep duration. To evaluate the sleep habits of school-going children before and during school closure in the national lockdown period (called ‘Circuit Breaker’ or CB in Singapore) due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Cross-sectional, anonymous, online, population-based survey questionnaire was administered to parents aged 21 years and above with children aged between 3 and 16 years attending pre-school, primary or secondary school (equivalent to kindergarten, middle and-high school) and residing in Singapore. Sleep duration in relation to various daily activities including academic activities, physical exercise, and screen time was evaluated pre-CB and during CB. Data from 593 participants were analyzed. Pre-CB, the overall mean (SD) sleep duration of the study population was 9.01 (1.18) hours on weekdays and 9.99 (0.94) hours on weekends. During CB, mean (SD) sleep duration overall was 9.63 (1.18) hours. Although children generally went to bed later (mean 0.65 h later), they woke up even later during CB (mean 1.27 h later), resulting in longer sleep duration (mean increase of 0.35 h). This was most evident in secondary school children (mean increase of 0.70 h). Children attending private schools (which had later start times) had increased sleep duration (mean 10.01 (SD 0.89) hours pre-CB and 10.05 (SD 0.93) hours during CB) compared to public schools (mean 9.05 (SD 0.91) pre-CB and 9.49 (SD 1.22) hours during CB). School closure from the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in longer sleep duration in school-going children. Early school/academic activity start times had a significant impact on limiting children's sleep duration. •Children slept longer when learning moved to the home during the COVID-19 pandemic.•A later start time for daily academic activities resulted in longer sleep duration.•Early school start times have an impact on limiting children's sleep duration.•A shift to later school start times should be considered to facilitate increased sleep for children. To evaluate the sleep habits of school-going children before and during school closure in the national lockdown period (called 'Circuit Breaker' or CB in Singapore) due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Cross-sectional, anonymous, online, population-based survey questionnaire was administered to parents aged 21 years and above with children aged between 3 and 16 years attending pre-school, primary or secondary school (equivalent to kindergarten, middle and-high school) and residing in Singapore. Sleep duration in relation to various daily activities including academic activities, physical exercise, and screen time was evaluated pre-CB and during CB. Data from 593 participants were analyzed. Pre-CB, the overall mean (SD) sleep duration of the study population was 9.01 (1.18) hours on weekdays and 9.99 (0.94) hours on weekends. During CB, mean (SD) sleep duration overall was 9.63 (1.18) hours. Although children generally went to bed later (mean 0.65 h later), they woke up even later during CB (mean 1.27 h later), resulting in longer sleep duration (mean increase of 0.35 h). This was most evident in secondary school children (mean increase of 0.70 h). Children attending private schools (which had later start times) had increased sleep duration (mean 10.01 (SD 0.89) hours pre-CB and 10.05 (SD 0.93) hours during CB) compared to public schools (mean 9.05 (SD 0.91) pre-CB and 9.49 (SD 1.22) hours during CB). School closure from the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in longer sleep duration in school-going children. Early school/academic activity start times had a significant impact on limiting children's sleep duration.
Author	Jabri, Majid Lim, Michael Teik Chung Goh, Daniel Yam Thiam Aishworiya, Ramkumar Tran, Anh Phuong Kunaseelan, Shangari Ramamurthy, Mahesh Babu Hiriyur, Prerana Rajgor, Dimple D.
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Michael Teik Chung orcidid: 0000-0002-4803-2373 surname: Lim fullname: Lim, Michael Teik Chung organization: Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore – sequence: 2 givenname: Mahesh Babu surname: Ramamurthy fullname: Ramamurthy, Mahesh Babu organization: Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore – sequence: 3 givenname: Ramkumar surname: Aishworiya fullname: Aishworiya, Ramkumar organization: Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore – sequence: 4 givenname: Dimple D. surname: Rajgor fullname: Rajgor, Dimple D. organization: Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore – sequence: 5 givenname: Anh Phuong surname: Tran fullname: Tran, Anh Phuong organization: Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore – sequence: 6 givenname: Prerana surname: Hiriyur fullname: Hiriyur, Prerana organization: National University of Singapore, Singapore – sequence: 7 givenname: Shangari surname: Kunaseelan fullname: Kunaseelan, Shangari organization: Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore – sequence: 8 givenname: Majid surname: Jabri fullname: Jabri, Majid organization: Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore – sequence: 9 givenname: Daniel Yam Thiam surname: Goh fullname: Goh, Daniel Yam Thiam email: daniel_goh@nuhs.edu.sg organization: Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Snippet	To evaluate the sleep habits of school-going children before and during school closure in the national lockdown period (called ‘Circuit Breaker’ or CB in... To evaluate the sleep habits of school-going children before and during school closure in the national lockdown period (called 'Circuit Breaker' or CB in...
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SubjectTerms	Adolescent Child Child Behavior - psychology Children COVID-19 COVID-19 - epidemiology Cross-Sectional Studies Disease Outbreaks - statistics & numerical data Education, Distance - statistics & numerical data Female Humans Internet Use - statistics & numerical data Lockdown Male Original School closure Sleep Sleep Wake Disorders - epidemiology Social Environment Students - statistics & numerical data
Title	School closure during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic – Impact on children's sleep
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