Presence and infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 virus in wastewaters and rivers

The presence of SARS-CoV-2 in raw wastewaters has been demonstrated in many countries affected by this pandemic. Nevertheless, virus presence and infectivity in treated wastewaters, but also in the receiving water bodies are still poorly investigated. In this study, raw and treated samples from thre...

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Published in:	The Science of the total environment Vol. 744; p. 140911
Main Authors:	Rimoldi, Sara Giordana, Stefani, Fabrizio, Gigantiello, Anna, Polesello, Stefano, Comandatore, Francesco, Mileto, Davide, Maresca, Mafalda, Longobardi, Concetta, Mancon, Alessandro, Romeri, Francesca, Pagani, Cristina, Cappelli, Francesca, Roscioli, Claudio, Moja, Lorenzo, Gismondo, Maria Rita, Salerno, Franco
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Netherlands Elsevier B.V 20.11.2020
Subjects:	Betacoronavirus Coronavirus Infections COVID-19 environment Europe Genome Humans Infectivity Italy metropolitan areas Milano pandemic Pandemics pathogenicity Pneumonia, Viral public health risk assessment Rivers RNA SARS-CoV-2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 sewage viral genome viruses Waste Water Wastewater wastewater treatment Italy Europe SARS-CoV-2 Wastewater Genome Milano Infectivity
ISSN:	0048-9697, 1879-1026, 1879-1026
Online Access:	Get full text
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Abstract	The presence of SARS-CoV-2 in raw wastewaters has been demonstrated in many countries affected by this pandemic. Nevertheless, virus presence and infectivity in treated wastewaters, but also in the receiving water bodies are still poorly investigated. In this study, raw and treated samples from three wastewater treatment plants, and three river samples within the Milano Metropolitan Area, Italy, were surveyed for SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection by means of real time RT-PCR and infectivity test on culture cells. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in raw, but not in treated wastewaters (four and two samples, respectively, sampled in two dates). The isolated virus genome was sequenced, and belonged to the strain most spread in Europe and similar to another found in the same region. RNA presence in raw wastewater samples decreased after eight days, probably following the epidemiological trend estimated for the area. Virus infectivity was always null, indicating the natural decay of viral pathogenicity in time from emission. Samples from receiving rivers (three sites, sampled in the same dates as wastewaters) showed in some cases a positivity to real time RT-PCR, probably due to non-treated, or inefficiently treated discharges, or to the combined sewage overflows. Nevertheless, also for rivers infectivity was null. Risks for public health should be limited, although a precautionary approach to risk assessment is here advocated, giving the preliminary nature of the presented data. [Display omitted] •SARS-CoV-2 RNA presence and infectivity in wastewaters and receptors was assessed.•Viral RNA was detectable in the inflow but not in the outflow wastewaters.•Viral RNA was present in receptors due to sewage overflows or inefficient treatment.•SARS-CoV-2 infectivity was null both in wastewaters and receptors.•A precautionary approach in the assessment of contagious risk is advocated.
AbstractList	The presence of SARS-CoV-2 in raw wastewaters has been demonstrated in many countries affected by this pandemic. Nevertheless, virus presence and infectivity in treated wastewaters, but also in the receiving water bodies are still poorly investigated. In this study, raw and treated samples from three wastewater treatment plants, and three river samples within the Milano Metropolitan Area, Italy, were surveyed for SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection by means of real time RT-PCR and infectivity test on culture cells. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in raw, but not in treated wastewaters (four and two samples, respectively, sampled in two dates). The isolated virus genome was sequenced, and belonged to the strain most spread in Europe and similar to another found in the same region. RNA presence in raw wastewater samples decreased after eight days, probably following the epidemiological trend estimated for the area. Virus infectivity was always null, indicating the natural decay of viral pathogenicity in time from emission. Samples from receiving rivers (three sites, sampled in the same dates as wastewaters) showed in some cases a positivity to real time RT-PCR, probably due to non-treated, or inefficiently treated discharges, or to the combined sewage overflows. Nevertheless, also for rivers infectivity was null. Risks for public health should be limited, although a precautionary approach to risk assessment is here advocated, giving the preliminary nature of the presented data. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 in raw wastewaters has been demonstrated in many countries affected by this pandemic. Nevertheless, virus presence and infectivity in treated wastewaters, but also in the receiving water bodies are still poorly investigated. In this study, raw and treated samples from three wastewater treatment plants, and three river samples within the Milano Metropolitan Area, Italy, were surveyed for SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection by means of real time RT-PCR and infectivity test on culture cells. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in raw, but not in treated wastewaters (four and two samples, respectively, sampled in two dates). The isolated virus genome was sequenced, and belonged to the strain most spread in Europe and similar to another found in the same region. RNA presence in raw wastewater samples decreased after eight days, probably following the epidemiological trend estimated for the area. Virus infectivity was always null, indicating the natural decay of viral pathogenicity in time from emission. Samples from receiving rivers (three sites, sampled in the same dates as wastewaters) showed in some cases a positivity to real time RT-PCR, probably due to non-treated, or inefficiently treated discharges, or to the combined sewage overflows. Nevertheless, also for rivers infectivity was null. Risks for public health should be limited, although a precautionary approach to risk assessment is here advocated, giving the preliminary nature of the presented data. Unlabelled Image • SARS-CoV-2 RNA presence and infectivity in wastewaters and receptors was assessed. • Viral RNA was detectable in the inflow but not in the outflow wastewaters. • Viral RNA was present in receptors due to sewage overflows or inefficient treatment. • SARS-CoV-2 infectivity was null both in wastewaters and receptors. • A precautionary approach in the assessment of contagious risk is advocated. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 in raw wastewaters has been demonstrated in many countries affected by this pandemic. Nevertheless, virus presence and infectivity in treated wastewaters, but also in the receiving water bodies are still poorly investigated. In this study, raw and treated samples from three wastewater treatment plants, and three river samples within the Milano Metropolitan Area, Italy, were surveyed for SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection by means of real time RT-PCR and infectivity test on culture cells. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in raw, but not in treated wastewaters (four and two samples, respectively, sampled in two dates). The isolated virus genome was sequenced, and belonged to the strain most spread in Europe and similar to another found in the same region. RNA presence in raw wastewater samples decreased after eight days, probably following the epidemiological trend estimated for the area. Virus infectivity was always null, indicating the natural decay of viral pathogenicity in time from emission. Samples from receiving rivers (three sites, sampled in the same dates as wastewaters) showed in some cases a positivity to real time RT-PCR, probably due to non-treated, or inefficiently treated discharges, or to the combined sewage overflows. Nevertheless, also for rivers infectivity was null. Risks for public health should be limited, although a precautionary approach to risk assessment is here advocated, giving the preliminary nature of the presented data. [Display omitted] •SARS-CoV-2 RNA presence and infectivity in wastewaters and receptors was assessed.•Viral RNA was detectable in the inflow but not in the outflow wastewaters.•Viral RNA was present in receptors due to sewage overflows or inefficient treatment.•SARS-CoV-2 infectivity was null both in wastewaters and receptors.•A precautionary approach in the assessment of contagious risk is advocated. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 in raw wastewaters has been demonstrated in many countries affected by this pandemic. Nevertheless, virus presence and infectivity in treated wastewaters, but also in the receiving water bodies are still poorly investigated. In this study, raw and treated samples from three wastewater treatment plants, and three river samples within the Milano Metropolitan Area, Italy, were surveyed for SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection by means of real time RT-PCR and infectivity test on culture cells. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in raw, but not in treated wastewaters (four and two samples, respectively, sampled in two dates). The isolated virus genome was sequenced, and belonged to the strain most spread in Europe and similar to another found in the same region. RNA presence in raw wastewater samples decreased after eight days, probably following the epidemiological trend estimated for the area. Virus infectivity was always null, indicating the natural decay of viral pathogenicity in time from emission. Samples from receiving rivers (three sites, sampled in the same dates as wastewaters) showed in some cases a positivity to real time RT-PCR, probably due to non-treated, or inefficiently treated discharges, or to the combined sewage overflows. Nevertheless, also for rivers infectivity was null. Risks for public health should be limited, although a precautionary approach to risk assessment is here advocated, giving the preliminary nature of the presented data.The presence of SARS-CoV-2 in raw wastewaters has been demonstrated in many countries affected by this pandemic. Nevertheless, virus presence and infectivity in treated wastewaters, but also in the receiving water bodies are still poorly investigated. In this study, raw and treated samples from three wastewater treatment plants, and three river samples within the Milano Metropolitan Area, Italy, were surveyed for SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection by means of real time RT-PCR and infectivity test on culture cells. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in raw, but not in treated wastewaters (four and two samples, respectively, sampled in two dates). The isolated virus genome was sequenced, and belonged to the strain most spread in Europe and similar to another found in the same region. RNA presence in raw wastewater samples decreased after eight days, probably following the epidemiological trend estimated for the area. Virus infectivity was always null, indicating the natural decay of viral pathogenicity in time from emission. Samples from receiving rivers (three sites, sampled in the same dates as wastewaters) showed in some cases a positivity to real time RT-PCR, probably due to non-treated, or inefficiently treated discharges, or to the combined sewage overflows. Nevertheless, also for rivers infectivity was null. Risks for public health should be limited, although a precautionary approach to risk assessment is here advocated, giving the preliminary nature of the presented data.
ArticleNumber	140911
Author	Stefani, Fabrizio Rimoldi, Sara Giordana Polesello, Stefano Roscioli, Claudio Gismondo, Maria Rita Pagani, Cristina Romeri, Francesca Mileto, Davide Cappelli, Francesca Moja, Lorenzo Gigantiello, Anna Maresca, Mafalda Longobardi, Concetta Salerno, Franco Comandatore, Francesco Mancon, Alessandro
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Sara Giordana surname: Rimoldi fullname: Rimoldi, Sara Giordana organization: University Hospital “L. Sacco”, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy – sequence: 2 givenname: Fabrizio orcidid: 0000-0001-5200-0529 surname: Stefani fullname: Stefani, Fabrizio email: stefani@irsa.cnr.it organization: Water Research Institute-National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), Brugherio, MB, Italy – sequence: 3 givenname: Anna surname: Gigantiello fullname: Gigantiello, Anna organization: University Hospital “L. Sacco”, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy – sequence: 4 givenname: Stefano orcidid: 0000-0003-3371-1039 surname: Polesello fullname: Polesello, Stefano organization: Water Research Institute-National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), Brugherio, MB, Italy – sequence: 5 givenname: Francesco surname: Comandatore fullname: Comandatore, Francesco organization: Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, University of Milan, Italy – sequence: 6 givenname: Davide surname: Mileto fullname: Mileto, Davide organization: University Hospital “L. Sacco”, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy – sequence: 7 givenname: Mafalda surname: Maresca fullname: Maresca, Mafalda organization: University Hospital “L. Sacco”, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy – sequence: 8 givenname: Concetta surname: Longobardi fullname: Longobardi, Concetta organization: University Hospital “L. Sacco”, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy – sequence: 9 givenname: Alessandro surname: Mancon fullname: Mancon, Alessandro organization: University Hospital “L. Sacco”, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy – sequence: 10 givenname: Francesca surname: Romeri fullname: Romeri, Francesca organization: University Hospital “L. Sacco”, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy – sequence: 11 givenname: Cristina surname: Pagani fullname: Pagani, Cristina organization: University Hospital “L. Sacco”, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy – sequence: 12 givenname: Francesca surname: Cappelli fullname: Cappelli, Francesca organization: Water Research Institute-National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), Brugherio, MB, Italy – sequence: 13 givenname: Claudio surname: Roscioli fullname: Roscioli, Claudio organization: Water Research Institute-National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), Brugherio, MB, Italy – sequence: 14 givenname: Lorenzo orcidid: 0000-0001-6680-6507 surname: Moja fullname: Moja, Lorenzo organization: Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Italy – sequence: 15 givenname: Maria Rita surname: Gismondo fullname: Gismondo, Maria Rita organization: University Hospital “L. Sacco”, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy – sequence: 16 givenname: Franco orcidid: 0000-0002-3419-6780 surname: Salerno fullname: Salerno, Franco organization: Water Research Institute-National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), Brugherio, MB, Italy
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32693284$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet	The presence of SARS-CoV-2 in raw wastewaters has been demonstrated in many countries affected by this pandemic. Nevertheless, virus presence and infectivity...
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SubjectTerms	Betacoronavirus Coronavirus Infections COVID-19 environment Europe Genome Humans Infectivity Italy metropolitan areas Milano pandemic Pandemics pathogenicity Pneumonia, Viral public health risk assessment Rivers RNA SARS-CoV-2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 sewage viral genome viruses Waste Water Wastewater wastewater treatment
Title	Presence and infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 virus in wastewaters and rivers
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