Sex differences in metabolic regulation and diabetes susceptibility

Gender and biological sex impact the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including metabolic disorders such as diabetes. In most parts of the world, diabetes is more prevalent in men than in women, especially in middle-aged populations. In line with this, considering almost all animal models, males a...

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Vydáno v:	Diabetologia Ročník 63; číslo 3; s. 453 - 461
Hlavní autoři:	Tramunt, Blandine, Smati, Sarra, Grandgeorge, Naia, Lenfant, Françoise, Arnal, Jean-François, Montagner, Alexandra, Gourdy, Pierre
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.03.2020 Springer Nature B.V Springer Verlag
Témata:	Adipose tissue Animal models Animals Beta cells Diabetes Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent) Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - etiology Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - metabolism Disease Susceptibility Embryonic Development - physiology Energy balance Energy metabolism Energy Metabolism - physiology Energy storage Epigenetics Estrogen receptors Female Fetuses Gender Glucose Glucose metabolism Glucose tolerance Homeostasis Human health and pathology Human Physiology Humans Hyperglycemia Infant, Newborn Insulin Insulin resistance Insulin secretion Internal Medicine Life Sciences Male Medicine Medicine & Public Health Metabolic Diseases Metabolic disorders Metabolism Middle Aged Neonates Pancreas Precision medicine Pregnancy Review Risk Factors Sex Characteristics Sex chromosomes Sex differences Skeletal muscle Steroid hormones Energy balance Glucose metabolism Sex differences Diabetes Review Oestrogens oestrogens energy balance diabetes glucose metabolism review sex differences
ISSN:	0012-186X, 1432-0428, 1432-0428
On-line přístup:	Získat plný text
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Abstract	Gender and biological sex impact the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including metabolic disorders such as diabetes. In most parts of the world, diabetes is more prevalent in men than in women, especially in middle-aged populations. In line with this, considering almost all animal models, males are more likely to develop obesity, insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia than females in response to nutritional challenges. As summarised in this review, it is now obvious that many aspects of energy balance and glucose metabolism are regulated differently in males and females and influence their predisposition to type 2 diabetes. During their reproductive life, women exhibit specificities in energy partitioning as compared with men, with carbohydrate and lipid utilisation as fuel sources that favour energy storage in subcutaneous adipose tissues and preserve them from visceral and ectopic fat accumulation. Insulin sensitivity is higher in women, who are also characterised by higher capacities for insulin secretion and incretin responses than men; although, these sex advantages all disappear when glucose tolerance deteriorates towards diabetes. Clinical and experimental observations evidence the protective actions of endogenous oestrogens, mainly through oestrogen receptor α activation in various tissues, including the brain, the liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and pancreatic beta cells. However, beside sex steroids, underlying mechanisms need to be further investigated, especially the role of sex chromosomes, fetal/neonatal programming and epigenetic modifications. On the path to precision medicine, further deciphering sex-specific traits in energy balance and glucose homeostasis is indeed a priority topic to optimise individual approaches in type 2 diabetes prevention and treatment.
AbstractList	Gender and biological sex impact the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including metabolic disorders such as diabetes. In most parts of the world, diabetes is more prevalent in men than in women, especially in middle-aged populations. In line with this, considering almost all animal models, males are more likely to develop obesity, insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia than females in response to nutritional challenges. As summarised in this review, it is now obvious that many aspects of energy balance and glucose metabolism are regulated differently in males and females and influence their predisposition to type 2 diabetes. During their reproductive life, women exhibit specificities in energy partitioning as compared with men, with carbohydrate and lipid utilisation as fuel sources that favour energy storage in subcutaneous adipose tissues and preserve them from visceral and ectopic fat accumulation. Insulin sensitivity is higher in women, who are also characterised by higher capacities for insulin secretion and incretin responses than men; although, these sex advantages all disappear when glucose tolerance deteriorates towards diabetes. Clinical and experimental observations evidence the protective actions of endogenous oestrogens, mainly through oestrogen receptor α activation in various tissues, including the brain, the liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and pancreatic beta cells. However, beside sex steroids, underlying mechanisms need to be further investigated, especially the role of sex chromosomes, fetal/neonatal programming and epigenetic modifications. On the path to precision medicine, further deciphering sex-specific traits in energy balance and glucose homeostasis is indeed a priority topic to optimise individual approaches in type 2 diabetes prevention and treatment. Gender and biological sex impact the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including metabolic disorders such as diabetes. In most parts of the world, diabetes is more prevalent in men than in women, especially in middle-aged populations. In line with this, considering almost all animal models, males are more likely to develop obesity, insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia than females in response to nutritional challenges. As summarised in this review, it is now obvious that many aspects of energy balance and glucose metabolism are regulated differently in males and females and influence their predisposition to type 2 diabetes. During their reproductive life, women exhibit specificities in energy partitioning as compared with men, with carbohydrate and lipid utilisation as fuel sources that favour energy storage in subcutaneous adipose tissues and preserve them from visceral and ectopic fat accumulation. Insulin sensitivity is higher in women, who are also characterised by higher capacities for insulin secretion and incretin responses than men; although, these sex advantages all disappear when glucose tolerance deteriorates towards diabetes. Clinical and experimental observations evidence the protective actions of endogenous oestrogens, mainly through oestrogen receptor α activation in various tissues, including the brain, the liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and pancreatic beta cells. However, beside sex steroids, underlying mechanisms need to be further investigated, especially the role of sex chromosomes, fetal/neonatal programming and epigenetic modifications. On the path to precision medicine, further deciphering sex-specific traits in energy balance and glucose homeostasis is indeed a priority topic to optimise individual approaches in type 2 diabetes prevention and treatment.Gender and biological sex impact the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including metabolic disorders such as diabetes. In most parts of the world, diabetes is more prevalent in men than in women, especially in middle-aged populations. In line with this, considering almost all animal models, males are more likely to develop obesity, insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia than females in response to nutritional challenges. As summarised in this review, it is now obvious that many aspects of energy balance and glucose metabolism are regulated differently in males and females and influence their predisposition to type 2 diabetes. During their reproductive life, women exhibit specificities in energy partitioning as compared with men, with carbohydrate and lipid utilisation as fuel sources that favour energy storage in subcutaneous adipose tissues and preserve them from visceral and ectopic fat accumulation. Insulin sensitivity is higher in women, who are also characterised by higher capacities for insulin secretion and incretin responses than men; although, these sex advantages all disappear when glucose tolerance deteriorates towards diabetes. Clinical and experimental observations evidence the protective actions of endogenous oestrogens, mainly through oestrogen receptor α activation in various tissues, including the brain, the liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and pancreatic beta cells. However, beside sex steroids, underlying mechanisms need to be further investigated, especially the role of sex chromosomes, fetal/neonatal programming and epigenetic modifications. On the path to precision medicine, further deciphering sex-specific traits in energy balance and glucose homeostasis is indeed a priority topic to optimise individual approaches in type 2 diabetes prevention and treatment.
Author	Tramunt, Blandine Arnal, Jean-François Smati, Sarra Lenfant, Françoise Grandgeorge, Naia Montagner, Alexandra Gourdy, Pierre
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Blandine surname: Tramunt fullname: Tramunt, Blandine organization: Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), UMR1048, Team 9, INSERM/UPS, Université de Toulouse, Service de Diabétologie, Maladies Métaboliques et Nutrition, CHU de Toulouse – sequence: 2 givenname: Sarra surname: Smati fullname: Smati, Sarra organization: Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), UMR1048, Team 9, INSERM/UPS, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Toxalim UMR 1331 – sequence: 3 givenname: Naia surname: Grandgeorge fullname: Grandgeorge, Naia organization: Service de Diabétologie, Maladies Métaboliques et Nutrition, CHU de Toulouse – sequence: 4 givenname: Françoise surname: Lenfant fullname: Lenfant, Françoise organization: Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), UMR1048, Team 9, INSERM/UPS, Université de Toulouse – sequence: 5 givenname: Jean-François surname: Arnal fullname: Arnal, Jean-François organization: Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), UMR1048, Team 9, INSERM/UPS, Université de Toulouse – sequence: 6 givenname: Alexandra surname: Montagner fullname: Montagner, Alexandra organization: Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), UMR1048, Team 9, INSERM/UPS, Université de Toulouse – sequence: 7 givenname: Pierre surname: Gourdy fullname: Gourdy, Pierre email: pierre.gourdy@inserm.fr organization: Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), UMR1048, Team 9, INSERM/UPS, Université de Toulouse, Service de Diabétologie, Maladies Métaboliques et Nutrition, CHU de Toulouse
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31754750$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02618446$$DView record in HAL
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Copyright	The Author(s) 2019 Diabetologia is a copyright of Springer, (2019). All Rights Reserved. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. Attribution
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Keywords	Energy balance Glucose metabolism Sex differences Diabetes Review Oestrogens oestrogens energy balance diabetes glucose metabolism review sex differences
Language	English
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SubjectTerms	Adipose tissue Animal models Animals Beta cells Diabetes Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent) Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - etiology Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - metabolism Disease Susceptibility Embryonic Development - physiology Energy balance Energy metabolism Energy Metabolism - physiology Energy storage Epigenetics Estrogen receptors Female Fetuses Gender Glucose Glucose metabolism Glucose tolerance Homeostasis Human health and pathology Human Physiology Humans Hyperglycemia Infant, Newborn Insulin Insulin resistance Insulin secretion Internal Medicine Life Sciences Male Medicine Medicine & Public Health Metabolic Diseases Metabolic disorders Metabolism Middle Aged Neonates Pancreas Precision medicine Pregnancy Review Risk Factors Sex Characteristics Sex chromosomes Sex differences Skeletal muscle Steroid hormones
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Title	Sex differences in metabolic regulation and diabetes susceptibility
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