Immunologic checkpoints in cancer therapy: focus on the programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor pathway

T-lymphocytes have the potential to recognize cancer antigens as foreign and therefore eliminate them. However, immune checkpoints such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen (CTLA)-4 and programmed cell death (PD)-1 receptor and its ligands (PD-L1, PD-L2) suppress the activity of T-lymphocyte...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine Vol. 7; no. default; pp. 357 - 365
Main Authors: Postow, Michael, Momtaz, Parisa
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: New Zealand Dove Medical Press Limited 01.01.2014
Taylor & Francis Ltd
Dove Medical Press
Subjects:
Antigens
Apoptosis
Biomarkers
Cancer
Cancer therapies
Care and treatment
Cell death
Cytokines
Cytotoxicity
Dendritic cells
FDA approval
Genetic aspects
Health aspects
Homeostasis
Immune checkpoint
Immune system
Immunotherapy
Innovations
Ligands
Lymphocytes
Lymphoma
Melanoma
Metastasis
Monoclonal antibodies
PD-1 protein
PD-L1 protein
Review
Skin cancer
Targeted cancer therapy
Vaccines
New York
United States > US
programmed cell death protein-1
cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4
immunotherapy
immune checkpoints
ISSN:1178-7066, 1178-7066
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:T-lymphocytes have the potential to recognize cancer antigens as foreign and therefore eliminate them. However, immune checkpoints such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen (CTLA)-4 and programmed cell death (PD)-1 receptor and its ligands (PD-L1, PD-L2) suppress the activity of T-lymphocytes. Advances in the understanding of immunology and its role in cancer have led to the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors that block CTLA-4 and PD-1 and result in durable responses in patients with a wide range of cancers. PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors are currently in many stages of clinical investigation, and the anti-PD-1 antibody, pembrolizumab, was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Many questions remain to be answered, such as the optimal administration schedule, biomarkers that associate with benefit, and potential for use of PD-1 agents in combination approaches. Nonetheless, immunotherapy with PD-1 blocking antibodies is now becoming an integral part in the management of cancer.
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ISSN:1178-7066
1178-7066
DOI:10.2147/PGPM.S53163