Overview of hepatitis B viral replication and genetic variability

Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) greatly increases the risk for liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBV isolates worldwide can be divided into ten genotypes. Moreover, the immune clearance phase selects for mutations in different parts of the viral genome. The outcome o...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of hepatology Vol. 64; no. 1; pp. S4 - S16
Main Authors: Tong, Shuping, Revill, Peter
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.04.2016
Subjects:
DNA, Viral - genetics
Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Genome, Viral
HBV
Hepatitis B - virology
Hepatitis B virus - genetics
Humans
Mutation
Promoter Regions, Genetic
Replication
Variability
Replication
HBV
Variability
ISSN:0168-8278, 1600-0641, 1600-0641
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) greatly increases the risk for liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBV isolates worldwide can be divided into ten genotypes. Moreover, the immune clearance phase selects for mutations in different parts of the viral genome. The outcome of HBV infection is shaped by the complex interplay of the mode of transmission, host genetic factors, viral genotype and adaptive mutations, as well as environmental factors. Core promoter mutations and mutations abolishing hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) expression have been implicated in acute liver failure, while genotypes B, C, subgenotype A1, core promoter mutations, preS deletions, C-terminal truncation of envelope proteins, and spliced pregenomic RNA are associated with HCC development. Our efforts to treat and prevent HBV infection are hampered by the emergence of drug resistant mutants and vaccine escape mutants. This paper provides an overview of the HBV life cycle, followed by review of HBV genotypes and mutants in terms of their biological properties and clinical significance.
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ISSN:0168-8278
1600-0641
1600-0641
DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2016.01.027