Importance of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing amongst Subjects Recovering from COVID-19
The cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) provides an objective assessment of ventilatory limitation, related to the exercise minute ventilation (VE) coupled to carbon dioxide output (VCO2) (VE/VCO2); high values of VE/VCO2 slope define an exercise ventilatory inefficiency (EVin). In subjects recover...
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| Abstract | The cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) provides an objective assessment of ventilatory limitation, related to the exercise minute ventilation (VE) coupled to carbon dioxide output (VCO2) (VE/VCO2); high values of VE/VCO2 slope define an exercise ventilatory inefficiency (EVin). In subjects recovered from hospitalised COVID-19, we explored the methodology of CPET in order to evaluate the presence of cardiopulmonary alterations. Our prospective study (RESPICOVID) has been proposed to evaluate pulmonary damage’s clinical impact in post-COVID subjects. In a subgroup of subjects (RESPICOVID2) without baseline confounders, we performed the CPET. According to the VE/VCO2 slope, subjects were divided into having EVin and exercise ventilatory efficiency (EVef). Data concerning general variables, hospitalisation, lung function, and gas-analysis were also collected. The RESPICOVID2 enrolled 28 subjects, of whom 8 (29%) had EVin. As compared to subjects with EVef, subjects with EVin showed a reduction in heart rate (HR) recovery. VE/VCO2 slope was inversely correlated with HR recovery; this correlation was confirmed in a subgroup of older, non-smoking male subjects, regardless of the presence of arterial hypertension. More than one-fourth of subjects recovered from hospitalised COVID-19 have EVin. The relationship between EVin and HR recovery may represent a novel hallmark of post-COVID cardiopulmonary alterations. |
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| AbstractList | The cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) provides an objective assessment of ventilatory limitation, related to the exercise minute ventilation (VE) coupled to carbon dioxide output (VCO2) (VE/VCO2); high values of VE/VCO2 slope define an exercise ventilatory inefficiency (EVin). In subjects recovered from hospitalised COVID-19, we explored the methodology of CPET in order to evaluate the presence of cardiopulmonary alterations. Our prospective study (RESPICOVID) has been proposed to evaluate pulmonary damage's clinical impact in post-COVID subjects. In a subgroup of subjects (RESPICOVID2) without baseline confounders, we performed the CPET. According to the VE/VCO2 slope, subjects were divided into having EVin and exercise ventilatory efficiency (EVef). Data concerning general variables, hospitalisation, lung function, and gas-analysis were also collected. The RESPICOVID2 enrolled 28 subjects, of whom 8 (29%) had EVin. As compared to subjects with EVef, subjects with EVin showed a reduction in heart rate (HR) recovery. VE/VCO2 slope was inversely correlated with HR recovery; this correlation was confirmed in a subgroup of older, non-smoking male subjects, regardless of the presence of arterial hypertension. More than one-fourth of subjects recovered from hospitalised COVID-19 have EVin. The relationship between EVin and HR recovery may represent a novel hallmark of post-COVID cardiopulmonary alterations.The cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) provides an objective assessment of ventilatory limitation, related to the exercise minute ventilation (VE) coupled to carbon dioxide output (VCO2) (VE/VCO2); high values of VE/VCO2 slope define an exercise ventilatory inefficiency (EVin). In subjects recovered from hospitalised COVID-19, we explored the methodology of CPET in order to evaluate the presence of cardiopulmonary alterations. Our prospective study (RESPICOVID) has been proposed to evaluate pulmonary damage's clinical impact in post-COVID subjects. In a subgroup of subjects (RESPICOVID2) without baseline confounders, we performed the CPET. According to the VE/VCO2 slope, subjects were divided into having EVin and exercise ventilatory efficiency (EVef). Data concerning general variables, hospitalisation, lung function, and gas-analysis were also collected. The RESPICOVID2 enrolled 28 subjects, of whom 8 (29%) had EVin. As compared to subjects with EVef, subjects with EVin showed a reduction in heart rate (HR) recovery. VE/VCO2 slope was inversely correlated with HR recovery; this correlation was confirmed in a subgroup of older, non-smoking male subjects, regardless of the presence of arterial hypertension. More than one-fourth of subjects recovered from hospitalised COVID-19 have EVin. The relationship between EVin and HR recovery may represent a novel hallmark of post-COVID cardiopulmonary alterations. The cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) provides an objective assessment of ventilatory limitation, related to the exercise minute ventilation (VE) coupled to carbon dioxide output (VCO2) (VE/VCO2); high values of VE/VCO2 slope define an exercise ventilatory inefficiency (EVin). In subjects recovered from hospitalised COVID-19, we explored the methodology of CPET in order to evaluate the presence of cardiopulmonary alterations. Our prospective study (RESPICOVID) has been proposed to evaluate pulmonary damage’s clinical impact in post-COVID subjects. In a subgroup of subjects (RESPICOVID2) without baseline confounders, we performed the CPET. According to the VE/VCO2 slope, subjects were divided into having EVin and exercise ventilatory efficiency (EVef). Data concerning general variables, hospitalisation, lung function, and gas-analysis were also collected. The RESPICOVID2 enrolled 28 subjects, of whom 8 (29%) had EVin. As compared to subjects with EVef, subjects with EVin showed a reduction in heart rate (HR) recovery. VE/VCO2 slope was inversely correlated with HR recovery; this correlation was confirmed in a subgroup of older, non-smoking male subjects, regardless of the presence of arterial hypertension. More than one-fourth of subjects recovered from hospitalised COVID-19 have EVin. The relationship between EVin and HR recovery may represent a novel hallmark of post-COVID cardiopulmonary alterations. The cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) provides an objective assessment of ventilatory limitation, related to the exercise minute ventilation (V ) coupled to carbon dioxide output (V ) (V /V ); high values of V /V define an exercise ventilatory inefficiency (EV ). In subjects recovered from hospitalised COVID-19, we explored the methodology of CPET in order to evaluate the presence of cardiopulmonary alterations. Our prospective study (RESPICOVID) has been proposed to evaluate pulmonary damage's clinical impact in post-COVID subjects. In a subgroup of subjects (RESPICOVID2) without baseline confounders, we performed the CPET. According to the V /V , subjects were divided into having EV and exercise ventilatory efficiency (EV ). Data concerning general variables, hospitalisation, lung function, and gas-analysis were also collected. The RESPICOVID2 enrolled 28 subjects, of whom 8 (29%) had EV . As compared to subjects with EV , subjects with EV showed a reduction in heart rate (HR) recovery. V /V was inversely correlated with HR recovery; this correlation was confirmed in a subgroup of older, non-smoking male subjects, regardless of the presence of arterial hypertension. More than one-fourth of subjects recovered from hospitalised COVID-19 have EV . The relationship between EV and HR recovery may represent a novel hallmark of post-COVID cardiopulmonary alterations. |
| Author | Laveneziana, Pierantonio Girelli, Domenico Dalle Carbonare, Luca Dorelli, Gianluigi Senna, Gianenrico Ferrari, Marcello Crisafulli, Ernesto Braggio, Michele Gabbiani, Daniele Sartori, Giulia Busti, Fabiana Caminati, Marco |
| AuthorAffiliation | 2 Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; daniele.gabbiani@yahoo.com (D.G.); fabiana.busti@univr.it (F.B.); domenico.girelli@univr.it (D.G.); giulia.sartori.verona@gmail.com (G.S.) 3 Department of Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; marco.caminati@univr.it (M.C.); gianenrico.senna@univr.it (G.S.) 4 INSERM, UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix, Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles de la Respiration, de l’Exercice et de la Dyspnée du Département Médico-Universitaire «APPROCHES», 75013 Paris, France; pierantonio.laveneziana@aphp.fr 5 Respiratory Medicine Unit, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, 37134 Verona, Ital |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 School of Medicine in Sports and Exercise, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; gianluigi.dorelli@gmail.com (G.D.); michele.braggio@gmail.com (M.B.); marcello.ferrari@univr.it (M.F.); luca.dallecarbonare@univr.it (L.D.C.) – name: 4 INSERM, UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix, Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles de la Respiration, de l’Exercice et de la Dyspnée du Département Médico-Universitaire «APPROCHES», 75013 Paris, France; pierantonio.laveneziana@aphp.fr – name: 3 Department of Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; marco.caminati@univr.it (M.C.); gianenrico.senna@univr.it (G.S.) – name: 5 Respiratory Medicine Unit, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy – name: 2 Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; daniele.gabbiani@yahoo.com (D.G.); fabiana.busti@univr.it (F.B.); domenico.girelli@univr.it (D.G.); giulia.sartori.verona@gmail.com (G.S.) |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Gianluigi orcidid: 0000-0002-9004-7587 surname: Dorelli fullname: Dorelli, Gianluigi – sequence: 2 givenname: Michele orcidid: 0000-0001-7163-6194 surname: Braggio fullname: Braggio, Michele – sequence: 3 givenname: Daniele surname: Gabbiani fullname: Gabbiani, Daniele – sequence: 4 givenname: Fabiana orcidid: 0000-0003-4642-0230 surname: Busti fullname: Busti, Fabiana – sequence: 5 givenname: Marco orcidid: 0000-0001-7383-1487 surname: Caminati fullname: Caminati, Marco – sequence: 6 givenname: Gianenrico surname: Senna fullname: Senna, Gianenrico – sequence: 7 givenname: Domenico orcidid: 0000-0001-9684-1899 surname: Girelli fullname: Girelli, Domenico – sequence: 8 givenname: Pierantonio surname: Laveneziana fullname: Laveneziana, Pierantonio – sequence: 9 givenname: Marcello surname: Ferrari fullname: Ferrari, Marcello – sequence: 10 givenname: Giulia surname: Sartori fullname: Sartori, Giulia – sequence: 11 givenname: Luca orcidid: 0000-0003-3263-6671 surname: Dalle Carbonare fullname: Dalle Carbonare, Luca – sequence: 12 givenname: Ernesto orcidid: 0000-0001-7298-7084 surname: Crisafulli fullname: Crisafulli, Ernesto |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1164/rccm.2202033 10.1177/2047487317695629 10.1164/rccm.167.2.211 10.1164/ajrccm.166.1.at1102 10.1183/13993003.02517-2017 10.1038/s41591-020-0968-3 10.1183/09041950.041s1693 10.1177/2047487318789756 10.5114/biolsport.2018.78060 10.1056/NEJM199910283411804 10.1183/13993003.02036-2016 10.2165/00007256-199519030-00003 10.1164/ajrccm.158.5.9710086 10.3389/fphys.2020.00659 10.1183/13993003.02096-2020 10.1186/1465-9921-12-53 10.1152/jappl.1984.56.5.1143 10.1183/13993003.01217-2020 10.1183/13993003.02511-2016 10.1183/09031936.05.00034805 |
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| Keywords | COVID-19 cardiopulmonary exercise test cardiovascular alterations exercise ventilatory inefficiency heart rate recovery |
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| Snippet | The cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) provides an objective assessment of ventilatory limitation, related to the exercise minute ventilation (VE) coupled to... The cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) provides an objective assessment of ventilatory limitation, related to the exercise minute ventilation (V ) coupled to... |
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| SubjectTerms | Brief Report cardiopulmonary exercise test cardiovascular alterations COVID-19 exercise ventilatory inefficiency heart rate recovery Life Sciences |
| Title | Importance of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing amongst Subjects Recovering from COVID-19 |
| URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33809260 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2508561259 https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-03170273 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC7998697 https://doaj.org/article/70426f72361b4bbeab9b68148fbe0a8e |
| Volume | 11 |
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