Establishing What Constitutes a Healthy Human Gut Microbiome: State of the Science, Regulatory Considerations, and Future Directions

ABSTRACT On December 17, 2018, the North American branch of the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI North America) convened a workshop “Can We Begin to Define a Healthy Gut Microbiome Through Quantifiable Characteristics?” with >40 invited academic, government, and industry experts in Was...

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Veröffentlicht in:	The Journal of nutrition Jg. 149; H. 11; S. 1882 - 1895
Hauptverfasser:	McBurney, Michael I, Davis, Cindy, Fraser, Claire M, Schneeman, Barbara O, Huttenhower, Curtis, Verbeke, Kristin, Walter, Jens, Latulippe, Marie E
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	United States Oxford University Press 01.11.2019
Schlagworte:	Adult Biodiversity Diet, Healthy Dysbiosis - diet therapy Dysbiosis - microbiology Food Labeling - legislation & jurisprudence Food Safety Gastrointestinal Microbiome - physiology Healthy Volunteers Host Microbial Interactions - physiology Humans Infant Prebiotics - administration & dosage Prebiotics - standards Probiotics - administration & dosage Probiotics - standards microbiota probiotic prebiotic dietary fiber biomarker surrogate indicator microbiome human health dysbiosis
ISSN:	0022-3166, 1541-6100, 1541-6100
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Abstract	ABSTRACT On December 17, 2018, the North American branch of the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI North America) convened a workshop “Can We Begin to Define a Healthy Gut Microbiome Through Quantifiable Characteristics?” with >40 invited academic, government, and industry experts in Washington, DC. The workshop objectives were to 1) develop a collective expert assessment of the state of the evidence on the human gut microbiome and associated human health benefits, 2) see if there was sufficient evidence to establish measurable gut microbiome characteristics that could serve as indicators of “health,” 3) identify short- and long-term research needs to fully characterize healthy gut microbiome–host relationships, and 4) publish the findings. Conclusions were as follows: 1) mechanistic links of specific changes in gut microbiome structure with function or markers of human health are not yet established; 2) it is not established if dysbiosis is a cause, consequence, or both of changes in human gut epithelial function and disease; 3) microbiome communities are highly individualized, show a high degree of interindividual variation to perturbation, and tend to be stable over years; 4) the complexity of microbiome-host interactions requires a comprehensive, multidisciplinary research agenda to elucidate relationships between gut microbiome and host health; 5) biomarkers and/or surrogate indicators of host function and pathogenic processes based on the microbiome need to be determined and validated, along with normal ranges, using approaches similar to those used to establish biomarkers and/or surrogate indicators based on host metabolic phenotypes; 6) future studies measuring responses to an exposure or intervention need to combine validated microbiome-related biomarkers and/or surrogate indicators with multiomics characterization of the microbiome; and 7) because static genetic sampling misses important short- and long-term microbiome-related dynamic changes to host health, future studies must be powered to account for inter- and intraindividual variation and should use repeated measures within individuals.
AbstractList	On December 17, 2018, the North American branch of the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI North America) convened a workshop "Can We Begin to Define a Healthy Gut Microbiome Through Quantifiable Characteristics?" with >40 invited academic, government, and industry experts in Washington, DC. The workshop objectives were to 1) develop a collective expert assessment of the state of the evidence on the human gut microbiome and associated human health benefits, 2) see if there was sufficient evidence to establish measurable gut microbiome characteristics that could serve as indicators of "health," 3) identify short- and long-term research needs to fully characterize healthy gut microbiome-host relationships, and 4) publish the findings. Conclusions were as follows: 1) mechanistic links of specific changes in gut microbiome structure with function or markers of human health are not yet established; 2) it is not established if dysbiosis is a cause, consequence, or both of changes in human gut epithelial function and disease; 3) microbiome communities are highly individualized, show a high degree of interindividual variation to perturbation, and tend to be stable over years; 4) the complexity of microbiome-host interactions requires a comprehensive, multidisciplinary research agenda to elucidate relationships between gut microbiome and host health; 5) biomarkers and/or surrogate indicators of host function and pathogenic processes based on the microbiome need to be determined and validated, along with normal ranges, using approaches similar to those used to establish biomarkers and/or surrogate indicators based on host metabolic phenotypes; 6) future studies measuring responses to an exposure or intervention need to combine validated microbiome-related biomarkers and/or surrogate indicators with multiomics characterization of the microbiome; and 7) because static genetic sampling misses important short- and long-term microbiome-related dynamic changes to host health, future studies must be powered to account for inter- and intraindividual variation and should use repeated measures within individuals. On December 17, 2018, the North American branch of the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI North America) convened a workshop "Can We Begin to Define a Healthy Gut Microbiome Through Quantifiable Characteristics?" with >40 invited academic, government, and industry experts in Washington, DC. The workshop objectives were to 1) develop a collective expert assessment of the state of the evidence on the human gut microbiome and associated human health benefits, 2) see if there was sufficient evidence to establish measurable gut microbiome characteristics that could serve as indicators of "health," 3) identify short- and long-term research needs to fully characterize healthy gut microbiome-host relationships, and 4) publish the findings. Conclusions were as follows: 1) mechanistic links of specific changes in gut microbiome structure with function or markers of human health are not yet established; 2) it is not established if dysbiosis is a cause, consequence, or both of changes in human gut epithelial function and disease; 3) microbiome communities are highly individualized, show a high degree of interindividual variation to perturbation, and tend to be stable over years; 4) the complexity of microbiome-host interactions requires a comprehensive, multidisciplinary research agenda to elucidate relationships between gut microbiome and host health; 5) biomarkers and/or surrogate indicators of host function and pathogenic processes based on the microbiome need to be determined and validated, along with normal ranges, using approaches similar to those used to establish biomarkers and/or surrogate indicators based on host metabolic phenotypes; 6) future studies measuring responses to an exposure or intervention need to combine validated microbiome-related biomarkers and/or surrogate indicators with multiomics characterization of the microbiome; and 7) because static genetic sampling misses important short- and long-term microbiome-related dynamic changes to host health, future studies must be powered to account for inter- and intraindividual variation and should use repeated measures within individuals.On December 17, 2018, the North American branch of the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI North America) convened a workshop "Can We Begin to Define a Healthy Gut Microbiome Through Quantifiable Characteristics?" with >40 invited academic, government, and industry experts in Washington, DC. The workshop objectives were to 1) develop a collective expert assessment of the state of the evidence on the human gut microbiome and associated human health benefits, 2) see if there was sufficient evidence to establish measurable gut microbiome characteristics that could serve as indicators of "health," 3) identify short- and long-term research needs to fully characterize healthy gut microbiome-host relationships, and 4) publish the findings. Conclusions were as follows: 1) mechanistic links of specific changes in gut microbiome structure with function or markers of human health are not yet established; 2) it is not established if dysbiosis is a cause, consequence, or both of changes in human gut epithelial function and disease; 3) microbiome communities are highly individualized, show a high degree of interindividual variation to perturbation, and tend to be stable over years; 4) the complexity of microbiome-host interactions requires a comprehensive, multidisciplinary research agenda to elucidate relationships between gut microbiome and host health; 5) biomarkers and/or surrogate indicators of host function and pathogenic processes based on the microbiome need to be determined and validated, along with normal ranges, using approaches similar to those used to establish biomarkers and/or surrogate indicators based on host metabolic phenotypes; 6) future studies measuring responses to an exposure or intervention need to combine validated microbiome-related biomarkers and/or surrogate indicators with multiomics characterization of the microbiome; and 7) because static genetic sampling misses important short- and long-term microbiome-related dynamic changes to host health, future studies must be powered to account for inter- and intraindividual variation and should use repeated measures within individuals. ABSTRACT On December 17, 2018, the North American branch of the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI North America) convened a workshop “Can We Begin to Define a Healthy Gut Microbiome Through Quantifiable Characteristics?” with >40 invited academic, government, and industry experts in Washington, DC. The workshop objectives were to 1) develop a collective expert assessment of the state of the evidence on the human gut microbiome and associated human health benefits, 2) see if there was sufficient evidence to establish measurable gut microbiome characteristics that could serve as indicators of “health,” 3) identify short- and long-term research needs to fully characterize healthy gut microbiome–host relationships, and 4) publish the findings. Conclusions were as follows: 1) mechanistic links of specific changes in gut microbiome structure with function or markers of human health are not yet established; 2) it is not established if dysbiosis is a cause, consequence, or both of changes in human gut epithelial function and disease; 3) microbiome communities are highly individualized, show a high degree of interindividual variation to perturbation, and tend to be stable over years; 4) the complexity of microbiome-host interactions requires a comprehensive, multidisciplinary research agenda to elucidate relationships between gut microbiome and host health; 5) biomarkers and/or surrogate indicators of host function and pathogenic processes based on the microbiome need to be determined and validated, along with normal ranges, using approaches similar to those used to establish biomarkers and/or surrogate indicators based on host metabolic phenotypes; 6) future studies measuring responses to an exposure or intervention need to combine validated microbiome-related biomarkers and/or surrogate indicators with multiomics characterization of the microbiome; and 7) because static genetic sampling misses important short- and long-term microbiome-related dynamic changes to host health, future studies must be powered to account for inter- and intraindividual variation and should use repeated measures within individuals.
Author	Verbeke, Kristin Latulippe, Marie E Huttenhower, Curtis Fraser, Claire M McBurney, Michael I Schneeman, Barbara O Walter, Jens Davis, Cindy
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Michael I orcidid: 0000-0003-4511-6034 surname: McBurney fullname: McBurney, Michael I email: McBurney23@gmail.com organization: Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada – sequence: 2 givenname: Cindy orcidid: 0000-0002-9255-9869 surname: Davis fullname: Davis, Cindy organization: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD – sequence: 3 givenname: Claire M orcidid: 0000-0003-1462-2428 surname: Fraser fullname: Fraser, Claire M organization: Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD – sequence: 4 givenname: Barbara O orcidid: 0000-0001-7390-536X surname: Schneeman fullname: Schneeman, Barbara O organization: Nutrition, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA – sequence: 5 givenname: Curtis orcidid: 0000-0002-1110-0096 surname: Huttenhower fullname: Huttenhower, Curtis organization: TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA – sequence: 6 givenname: Kristin orcidid: 0000-0002-5352-7565 surname: Verbeke fullname: Verbeke, Kristin organization: Chronic Diseases, Metabolism & Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium – sequence: 7 givenname: Jens orcidid: 0000-0003-1754-172X surname: Walter fullname: Walter, Jens organization: Agricultural, Food, & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada – sequence: 8 givenname: Marie E surname: Latulippe fullname: Latulippe, Marie E organization: The International Life Sciences Institute, North American Branch, Washington, DC
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31373365$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet	ABSTRACT On December 17, 2018, the North American branch of the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI North America) convened a workshop “Can We Begin to... On December 17, 2018, the North American branch of the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI North America) convened a workshop "Can We Begin to Define a...
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SubjectTerms	Adult Biodiversity Diet, Healthy Dysbiosis - diet therapy Dysbiosis - microbiology Food Labeling - legislation & jurisprudence Food Safety Gastrointestinal Microbiome - physiology Healthy Volunteers Host Microbial Interactions - physiology Humans Infant Prebiotics - administration & dosage Prebiotics - standards Probiotics - administration & dosage Probiotics - standards
Title	Establishing What Constitutes a Healthy Human Gut Microbiome: State of the Science, Regulatory Considerations, and Future Directions
URI	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31373365 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2268309176
Volume	149
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