Consistency of plant species and trait responses to grazing along a productivity gradient: a multi-site analysis

1. Studies of the responses of communities to land use or climate change at a functional rather than species level have used species traits as response or effect variables to enable generalization between different communities and biogeographical regions. Data from 10 published experiments on semi-n...

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Veröffentlicht in:The Journal of ecology Jg. 92; H. 5; S. 893 - 905
1. Verfasser: Pakeman, R.J
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Oxford, UK British Ecological Society 01.10.2004
Blackwell Science Ltd
Blackwell Science
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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ISSN:0022-0477, 1365-2745
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Abstract 1. Studies of the responses of communities to land use or climate change at a functional rather than species level have used species traits as response or effect variables to enable generalization between different communities and biogeographical regions. Data from 10 published experiments on semi-natural and agricultural grasslands in Scotland, and from published information on plant traits, were used to determine whether (a) species and trait attributes behave consistently with respect to changing grazing intensity at sites of different productivity and (b) whether species and attribute responses to grazing were affected by site productivity. 2. Only 9 out of 22 species common enough to show a consistent response to grazing did so. For example, Deschampsia flexuosa and Molinia caerulea declined when grazing intensity increased, whilst Anthoxanthum odouratum and Cerastium fontanum increased. A similar proportion (12/29) of traits behaved consistently between studies. 3. Increased grazing intensity was accompanied by an increase in species with a ruderal strategy, an annual life history, seasonal regeneration by seed, flowering and seed dispersal early in the season, rosette habit, higher requirement for light and a lower minimum height. 4. The response of five species was modified by site productivity. In four cases, the effect was to modulate the rate of response to grazing change. In contrast, Nardus stricta increased with grazing at low productivity sites, but decreased at high productivity sites. Many more traits (22), including attributes related to life history, life form, and vegetative and sexual reproduction, showed a response to grazing modulated by productivity. Eight of these changed in a complex manner, akin to that of N. stricta. 5. The response of some species and traits to grazing appears predictable. However, for some species and many traits either the rate or the direction of response is controlled by the productivity of the vegetation.
AbstractList Studies of the responses of communities to land use or climate change at a functional rather than species level have used species traits as response or effect variables to enable generalization between different communities and biogeographical regions. Data from 10 published experiments on semi-natural and agricultural grasslands in Scotland, and from published information on plant traits, were used to determine whether species and trait attributes behave consistently with respect to changing grazing intensity at sites of different productivity, and whether species and attribute responses to grazing were affected by site productivity. Details of the study are presented.
Summary 1 Studies of the responses of communities to land use or climate change at a functional rather than species level have used species traits as response or effect variables to enable generalization between different communities and biogeographical regions. Data from 10 published experiments on semi‐natural and agricultural grasslands in Scotland, and from published information on plant traits, were used to determine whether (a) species and trait attributes behave consistently with respect to changing grazing intensity at sites of different productivity and (b) whether species and attribute responses to grazing were affected by site productivity. 2 Only 9 out of 22 species common enough to show a consistent response to grazing did so. For example, Deschampsia flexuosa and Molinia caerulea declined when grazing intensity increased, whilst Anthoxanthum odouratum and Cerastium fontanum increased. A similar proportion (12/29) of traits behaved consistently between studies. 3 Increased grazing intensity was accompanied by an increase in species with a ruderal strategy, an annual life history, seasonal regeneration by seed, flowering and seed dispersal early in the season, rosette habit, higher requirement for light and a lower minimum height. 4 The response of five species was modified by site productivity. In four cases, the effect was to modulate the rate of response to grazing change. In contrast, Nardus stricta increased with grazing at low productivity sites, but decreased at high productivity sites. Many more traits (22), including attributes related to life history, life form, and vegetative and sexual reproduction, showed a response to grazing modulated by productivity. Eight of these changed in a complex manner, akin to that of N. stricta. 5 The response of some species and traits to grazing appears predictable. However, for some species and many traits either the rate or the direction of response is controlled by the productivity of the vegetation.
Studies of the responses of communities to land use or climate change at a functional rather than species level have used species traits as response or effect variables to enable generalization between different communities and biogeographical regions. Data from 10 published experiments on semi‐natural and agricultural grasslands in Scotland, and from published information on plant traits, were used to determine whether (a) species and trait attributes behave consistently with respect to changing grazing intensity at sites of different productivity and (b) whether species and attribute responses to grazing were affected by site productivity. Only 9 out of 22 species common enough to show a consistent response to grazing did so. For example, Deschampsia flexuosa and Molinia caerulea declined when grazing intensity increased, whilst Anthoxanthum odouratum and Cerastium fontanum increased. A similar proportion (12/29) of traits behaved consistently between studies. Increased grazing intensity was accompanied by an increase in species with a ruderal strategy, an annual life history, seasonal regeneration by seed, flowering and seed dispersal early in the season, rosette habit, higher requirement for light and a lower minimum height. The response of five species was modified by site productivity. In four cases, the effect was to modulate the rate of response to grazing change. In contrast, Nardus stricta increased with grazing at low productivity sites, but decreased at high productivity sites. Many more traits (22), including attributes related to life history, life form, and vegetative and sexual reproduction, showed a response to grazing modulated by productivity. Eight of these changed in a complex manner, akin to that of N. stricta . The response of some species and traits to grazing appears predictable. However, for some species and many traits either the rate or the direction of response is controlled by the productivity of the vegetation.
Studies of the responses of communities to land use or climate change at a functional rather than species level have used species traits as response or effect variables to enable generalization between different communities and biogeographical regions. Data from 10 published experiments on semi-natural and agricultural grasslands in Scotland, and from published information on plant traits, were used to determine whether (a) species and trait attributes behave consistently with respect to changing grazing intensity at sites of different productivity and (b) whether species and attribute responses to grazing were affected by site productivity. Only 9 out of 22 species common enough to show a consistent response to grazing did so. For example, Deschampsia flexuosa and Molinia caerulea declined when grazing intensity increased, whilst Anthoxanthum odouratum and Cerastium fontanum increased. A similar proportion (12/29) of traits behaved consistently between studies. Increased grazing intensity was accompanied by an increase in species with a ruderal strategy, an annual life history, seasonal regeneration by seed, flowering and seed dispersal early in the season, rosette habit, higher requirement for light and a lower minimum height. The response of five species was modified by site productivity. In four cases, the effect was to modulate the rate of response to grazing change. In contrast, Nardus stricta increased with grazing at low productivity sites, but decreased at high productivity sites. Many more traits (22), including attributes related to life history, life form, and vegetative and sexual reproduction, showed a response to grazing modulated by productivity. Eight of these changed in a complex manner, akin to that of N. stricta. The response of some species and traits to grazing appears predictable. However, for some species and many traits either the rate or the direction of response is controlled by the productivity of the vegetation.
Plant community responses to grazing intensity were examined as a function of different site productivity. Nine out of 22 studied species showed a consistent response to grazing, some declining, and others increasing when grazing intensity increased. Species with a ruderal strategy, an annual life history, seasonal regeneration by seed, early flowering and seed dispersal, rosette habit, lower height, and higher light requirements were more responsive to increases in grazing. Five species had responses modified by site productivity.
1. Studies of the responses of communities to land use or climate change at a functional rather than species level have used species traits as response or effect variables to enable generalization between different communities and biogeographical regions. Data from 10 published experiments on semi-natural and agricultural grasslands in Scotland, and from published information on plant traits, were used to determine whether (a) species and trait attributes behave consistently with respect to changing grazing intensity at sites of different productivity and (b) whether species and attribute responses to grazing were affected by site productivity. 2. Only 9 out of 22 species common enough to show a consistent response to grazing did so. For example, Deschampsia flexuosa and Molinia caerulea declined when grazing intensity increased, whilst Anthoxanthum odouratum and Cerastium fontanum increased. A similar proportion (12/29) of traits behaved consistently between studies. 3. Increased grazing intensity was accompanied by an increase in species with a ruderal strategy, an annual life history, seasonal regeneration by seed, flowering and seed dispersal early in the season, rosette habit, higher requirement for light and a lower minimum height. 4. The response of five species was modified by site productivity. In four cases, the effect was to modulate the rate of response to grazing change. In contrast, Nardus stricta increased with grazing at low productivity sites, but decreased at high productivity sites. Many more traits (22), including attributes related to life history, life form, and vegetative and sexual reproduction, showed a response to grazing modulated by productivity. Eight of these changed in a complex manner, akin to that of N. stricta. 5. The response of some species and traits to grazing appears predictable. However, for some species and many traits either the rate or the direction of response is controlled by the productivity of the vegetation.
Author Pakeman, R.J
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Issue 5
Keywords Productivity
Grazing
Plant
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Snippet 1. Studies of the responses of communities to land use or climate change at a functional rather than species level have used species traits as response or...
1 Studies of the responses of communities to land use or climate change at a functional rather than species level have used species traits as response or...
Summary 1 Studies of the responses of communities to land use or climate change at a functional rather than species level have used species traits as response...
Studies of the responses of communities to land use or climate change at a functional rather than species level have used species traits as response or effect...
Plant community responses to grazing intensity were examined as a function of different site productivity. Nine out of 22 studied species showed a consistent...
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StartPage 893
SubjectTerms Animal and plant ecology
Animal, plant and microbial ecology
Applied ecology
Biodiversity
Biological and medical sciences
botanical composition
Climate change
Comparative analysis
Environmental conditions
Flowers & plants
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
General aspects
grassland
Grasslands
Grazing
Grazing intensity
Human ecology
Land use
Ordination
pastures
plant communities
plant functional traits
Plant species
Plants
principal response curves
Productivity
residual maximum likelihood
Scotland
Sheep
Species
sward
traits
Vegetation
Title Consistency of plant species and trait responses to grazing along a productivity gradient: a multi-site analysis
URI https://www.jstor.org/stable/3599387
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fj.0022-0477.2004.00928.x
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https://www.proquest.com/docview/14712262
https://www.proquest.com/docview/17613546
https://www.proquest.com/docview/46608050
Volume 92
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