Distinct Red Blotch Disease Epidemiological Dynamics in Two Nearby Vineyards

Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) causes red blotch disease and is transmitted by the three-cornered alfalfa hopper, Spissistilus festinus. GRBV isolates belong to a minor phylogenetic clade 1 and a predominant clade 2. Spatiotemporal disease dynamics were monitored in a 1-hectare ‘Merlot’ vineyard...

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Vydané v:Viruses Ročník 15; číslo 5; s. 1184
Hlavní autori: Flasco, Madison T., Cieniewicz, Elizabeth J., Pethybridge, Sarah J., Fuchs, Marc F.
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: Switzerland MDPI AG 17.05.2023
MDPI
Predmet:
Blotch
California
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
Cultivars
disease incidence
disease progression
Disease transmission
Diseases and pests
Distribution
Epidemiology
Farms
Geminiviridae
Genetic aspects
Genomes
Grablovirus
Grapes
Grapevine red blotch virus
Pandemics
Phylogenetics
Phylogeny
Plant Diseases
Plant viruses
Planting
Polls & surveys
rootstocks
scions
secondary transmission
spatial analysis
Spissistilus festinus
Vines
Vineyards
Virus diseases of plants
Virus research
viruses
Vitis
Vitis vinifera
Wineries & vineyards
United States
Oregon
California
United States > US
Napa County California
Grablovirus
epidemiology
grapevine red blotch virus
spatial analysis
Spissistilus festinus
Geminiviridae
Vitis vinifera
ISSN:1999-4915, 1999-4915
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Shrnutí:Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) causes red blotch disease and is transmitted by the three-cornered alfalfa hopper, Spissistilus festinus. GRBV isolates belong to a minor phylogenetic clade 1 and a predominant clade 2. Spatiotemporal disease dynamics were monitored in a 1-hectare ‘Merlot’ vineyard planted in California in 2015. Annual surveys first revealed disease onset in 2018 and a 1.6% disease incidence in 2022. Ordinary runs and phylogenetic analyses documented significant aggregation of vines infected with GRBV clade 1 isolates in one corner of the vineyard (Z = −4.99), despite being surrounded by clade 2 isolates. This aggregation of vines harboring isolates from a non-prevalent clade is likely due to infected rootstock material at planting. GRBV clade 1 isolates were predominant in 2018–2019 but displaced by clade 2 isolates in 2021–2022, suggesting an influx of the latter isolates from outside sources. This study is the first report of red blotch disease progress immediately after vineyard establishment. A nearby 1.5-hectare ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ vineyard planted in 2008 with clone 4 (CS4) and 169 (CS169) vines was also surveyed. Most CS4 vines that exhibited disease symptoms one-year post-planting, likely due to infected scion material, were aggregated (Z = −1.73). GRBV isolates of both clades were found in the CS4 vines. Disease incidence was only 1.4% in non-infected CS169 vines in 2022 with sporadic infections of isolates from both clades occurring via secondary spread. Through disentangling GRBV infections due to the planting material and S. festinus-mediated transmission, this study illustrated how the primary virus source influences epidemiological dynamics of red blotch disease.
Bibliografia:ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
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ISSN:1999-4915
1999-4915
DOI:10.3390/v15051184