Distinct Red Blotch Disease Epidemiological Dynamics in Two Nearby Vineyards

Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) causes red blotch disease and is transmitted by the three-cornered alfalfa hopper, Spissistilus festinus. GRBV isolates belong to a minor phylogenetic clade 1 and a predominant clade 2. Spatiotemporal disease dynamics were monitored in a 1-hectare ‘Merlot’ vineyard...

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Vydáno v:	Viruses Ročník 15; číslo 5; s. 1184
Hlavní autoři:	Flasco, Madison T., Cieniewicz, Elizabeth J., Pethybridge, Sarah J., Fuchs, Marc F.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Switzerland MDPI AG 17.05.2023 MDPI
Témata:	Blotch California Coronaviruses COVID-19 Cultivars disease incidence disease progression Disease transmission Diseases and pests Distribution Epidemiology Farms Geminiviridae Genetic aspects Genomes Grablovirus Grapes Grapevine red blotch virus Pandemics Phylogenetics Phylogeny Plant Diseases Plant viruses Planting Polls & surveys rootstocks scions secondary transmission spatial analysis Spissistilus festinus Vines Vineyards Virus diseases of plants Virus research viruses Vitis Vitis vinifera Wineries & vineyards United States Oregon California United States > US Napa County California Grablovirus epidemiology grapevine red blotch virus spatial analysis Spissistilus festinus Geminiviridae Vitis vinifera
ISSN:	1999-4915, 1999-4915
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Abstract	Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) causes red blotch disease and is transmitted by the three-cornered alfalfa hopper, Spissistilus festinus. GRBV isolates belong to a minor phylogenetic clade 1 and a predominant clade 2. Spatiotemporal disease dynamics were monitored in a 1-hectare ‘Merlot’ vineyard planted in California in 2015. Annual surveys first revealed disease onset in 2018 and a 1.6% disease incidence in 2022. Ordinary runs and phylogenetic analyses documented significant aggregation of vines infected with GRBV clade 1 isolates in one corner of the vineyard (Z = −4.99), despite being surrounded by clade 2 isolates. This aggregation of vines harboring isolates from a non-prevalent clade is likely due to infected rootstock material at planting. GRBV clade 1 isolates were predominant in 2018–2019 but displaced by clade 2 isolates in 2021–2022, suggesting an influx of the latter isolates from outside sources. This study is the first report of red blotch disease progress immediately after vineyard establishment. A nearby 1.5-hectare ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ vineyard planted in 2008 with clone 4 (CS4) and 169 (CS169) vines was also surveyed. Most CS4 vines that exhibited disease symptoms one-year post-planting, likely due to infected scion material, were aggregated (Z = −1.73). GRBV isolates of both clades were found in the CS4 vines. Disease incidence was only 1.4% in non-infected CS169 vines in 2022 with sporadic infections of isolates from both clades occurring via secondary spread. Through disentangling GRBV infections due to the planting material and S. festinus-mediated transmission, this study illustrated how the primary virus source influences epidemiological dynamics of red blotch disease.
AbstractList	Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) causes red blotch disease and is transmitted by the three-cornered alfalfa hopper, Spissistilus festinus. GRBV isolates belong to a minor phylogenetic clade 1 and a predominant clade 2. Spatiotemporal disease dynamics were monitored in a 1-hectare ‘Merlot’ vineyard planted in California in 2015. Annual surveys first revealed disease onset in 2018 and a 1.6% disease incidence in 2022. Ordinary runs and phylogenetic analyses documented significant aggregation of vines infected with GRBV clade 1 isolates in one corner of the vineyard (Z = −4.99), despite being surrounded by clade 2 isolates. This aggregation of vines harboring isolates from a non-prevalent clade is likely due to infected rootstock material at planting. GRBV clade 1 isolates were predominant in 2018–2019 but displaced by clade 2 isolates in 2021–2022, suggesting an influx of the latter isolates from outside sources. This study is the first report of red blotch disease progress immediately after vineyard establishment. A nearby 1.5-hectare ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ vineyard planted in 2008 with clone 4 (CS4) and 169 (CS169) vines was also surveyed. Most CS4 vines that exhibited disease symptoms one-year post-planting, likely due to infected scion material, were aggregated (Z = −1.73). GRBV isolates of both clades were found in the CS4 vines. Disease incidence was only 1.4% in non-infected CS169 vines in 2022 with sporadic infections of isolates from both clades occurring via secondary spread. Through disentangling GRBV infections due to the planting material and S. festinus-mediated transmission, this study illustrated how the primary virus source influences epidemiological dynamics of red blotch disease. Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) causes red blotch disease and is transmitted by the three-cornered alfalfa hopper, . GRBV isolates belong to a minor phylogenetic clade 1 and a predominant clade 2. Spatiotemporal disease dynamics were monitored in a 1-hectare 'Merlot' vineyard planted in California in 2015. Annual surveys first revealed disease onset in 2018 and a 1.6% disease incidence in 2022. Ordinary runs and phylogenetic analyses documented significant aggregation of vines infected with GRBV clade 1 isolates in one corner of the vineyard ( = -4.99), despite being surrounded by clade 2 isolates. This aggregation of vines harboring isolates from a non-prevalent clade is likely due to infected rootstock material at planting. GRBV clade 1 isolates were predominant in 2018-2019 but displaced by clade 2 isolates in 2021-2022, suggesting an influx of the latter isolates from outside sources. This study is the first report of red blotch disease progress immediately after vineyard establishment. A nearby 1.5-hectare 'Cabernet Sauvignon' vineyard planted in 2008 with clone 4 (CS4) and 169 (CS169) vines was also surveyed. Most CS4 vines that exhibited disease symptoms one-year post-planting, likely due to infected scion material, were aggregated ( = -1.73). GRBV isolates of both clades were found in the CS4 vines. Disease incidence was only 1.4% in non-infected CS169 vines in 2022 with sporadic infections of isolates from both clades occurring via secondary spread. Through disentangling GRBV infections due to the planting material and -mediated transmission, this study illustrated how the primary virus source influences epidemiological dynamics of red blotch disease. Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) causes red blotch disease and is transmitted by the three-cornered alfalfa hopper, Spissistilus festinus. GRBV isolates belong to a minor phylogenetic clade 1 and a predominant clade 2. Spatiotemporal disease dynamics were monitored in a 1-hectare 'Merlot' vineyard planted in California in 2015. Annual surveys first revealed disease onset in 2018 and a 1.6% disease incidence in 2022. Ordinary runs and phylogenetic analyses documented significant aggregation of vines infected with GRBV clade 1 isolates in one corner of the vineyard (Z = -4.99), despite being surrounded by clade 2 isolates. This aggregation of vines harboring isolates from a non-prevalent clade is likely due to infected rootstock material at planting. GRBV clade 1 isolates were predominant in 2018-2019 but displaced by clade 2 isolates in 2021-2022, suggesting an influx of the latter isolates from outside sources. This study is the first report of red blotch disease progress immediately after vineyard establishment. A nearby 1.5-hectare 'Cabernet Sauvignon' vineyard planted in 2008 with clone 4 (CS4) and 169 (CS169) vines was also surveyed. Most CS4 vines that exhibited disease symptoms one-year post-planting, likely due to infected scion material, were aggregated (Z = -1.73). GRBV isolates of both clades were found in the CS4 vines. Disease incidence was only 1.4% in non-infected CS169 vines in 2022 with sporadic infections of isolates from both clades occurring via secondary spread. Through disentangling GRBV infections due to the planting material and S. festinus-mediated transmission, this study illustrated how the primary virus source influences epidemiological dynamics of red blotch disease.Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) causes red blotch disease and is transmitted by the three-cornered alfalfa hopper, Spissistilus festinus. GRBV isolates belong to a minor phylogenetic clade 1 and a predominant clade 2. Spatiotemporal disease dynamics were monitored in a 1-hectare 'Merlot' vineyard planted in California in 2015. Annual surveys first revealed disease onset in 2018 and a 1.6% disease incidence in 2022. Ordinary runs and phylogenetic analyses documented significant aggregation of vines infected with GRBV clade 1 isolates in one corner of the vineyard (Z = -4.99), despite being surrounded by clade 2 isolates. This aggregation of vines harboring isolates from a non-prevalent clade is likely due to infected rootstock material at planting. GRBV clade 1 isolates were predominant in 2018-2019 but displaced by clade 2 isolates in 2021-2022, suggesting an influx of the latter isolates from outside sources. This study is the first report of red blotch disease progress immediately after vineyard establishment. A nearby 1.5-hectare 'Cabernet Sauvignon' vineyard planted in 2008 with clone 4 (CS4) and 169 (CS169) vines was also surveyed. Most CS4 vines that exhibited disease symptoms one-year post-planting, likely due to infected scion material, were aggregated (Z = -1.73). GRBV isolates of both clades were found in the CS4 vines. Disease incidence was only 1.4% in non-infected CS169 vines in 2022 with sporadic infections of isolates from both clades occurring via secondary spread. Through disentangling GRBV infections due to the planting material and S. festinus-mediated transmission, this study illustrated how the primary virus source influences epidemiological dynamics of red blotch disease.
Audience	Academic
Author	Cieniewicz, Elizabeth J. Flasco, Madison T. Fuchs, Marc F. Pethybridge, Sarah J.
AuthorAffiliation	1 School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456, USA; sjp277@cornell.edu (S.J.P.); marc.fuchs@cornell.edu (M.F.F.) 2 Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; ecienie@clemson.edu
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 1 School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456, USA; sjp277@cornell.edu (S.J.P.); marc.fuchs@cornell.edu (M.F.F.) – name: 2 Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; ecienie@clemson.edu
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Madison T. orcidid: 0000-0003-1841-8301 surname: Flasco fullname: Flasco, Madison T. – sequence: 2 givenname: Elizabeth J. surname: Cieniewicz fullname: Cieniewicz, Elizabeth J. – sequence: 3 givenname: Sarah J. orcidid: 0000-0003-3864-4293 surname: Pethybridge fullname: Pethybridge, Sarah J. – sequence: 4 givenname: Marc F. orcidid: 0000-0001-5332-6766 surname: Fuchs fullname: Fuchs, Marc F.
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Keywords	Grablovirus epidemiology grapevine red blotch virus spatial analysis Spissistilus festinus Geminiviridae Vitis vinifera
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Snippet	Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) causes red blotch disease and is transmitted by the three-cornered alfalfa hopper, Spissistilus festinus. GRBV isolates... Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) causes red blotch disease and is transmitted by the three-cornered alfalfa hopper, . GRBV isolates belong to a minor...
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SubjectTerms	Blotch California Coronaviruses COVID-19 Cultivars disease incidence disease progression Disease transmission Diseases and pests Distribution Epidemiology Farms Geminiviridae Genetic aspects Genomes Grablovirus Grapes Grapevine red blotch virus Pandemics Phylogenetics Phylogeny Plant Diseases Plant viruses Planting Polls & surveys rootstocks scions secondary transmission spatial analysis Spissistilus festinus Vines Vineyards Virus diseases of plants Virus research viruses Vitis Vitis vinifera Wineries & vineyards
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Title	Distinct Red Blotch Disease Epidemiological Dynamics in Two Nearby Vineyards
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