A combined approach of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and multivariate analysis as a potential tool for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus in nasopharyngeal swabs

•This study with MALDI-TOF comprises, as far as we know, the first report describing the performance of this technology with COVID-19 diagnosis.•This work would encourage researchers to explore the potential of MALDI-TOF MS to assess the feasibility of this technology, as a rapid and reproducible sc...

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Published in:	Journal of virological methods Vol. 286; p. 113991
Main Authors:	Rocca, María Florencia, Zintgraff, Jonathan Cristian, Dattero, María Elena, Santos, Leonardo Silva, Ledesma, Martín, Vay, Carlos, Prieto, Mónica, Benedetti, Estefanía, Avaro, Martín, Russo, Mara, Nachtigall, Fabiane Manke, Baumeister, Elsa
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.12.2020
Subjects:	Betacoronavirus - isolation & purification Clinical Laboratory Techniques - methods Coronavirus Infections - diagnosis Coronavirus Infections - virology COVID-19 COVID-19 infection COVID-19 Testing COVID-19 Vaccines Humans Machine Learning MALDI-TOF Mass Screening - methods Mass spectrometry matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry Multivariate Analysis Nasopharynx - virology Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral - diagnosis Pneumonia, Viral - virology Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction SARS-CoV-2 Sensitivity and Specificity Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization - methods viruses COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 MALDI-TOF Mass spectrometry Machine learning
ISSN:	0166-0934, 1879-0984, 1879-0984
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Abstract	•This study with MALDI-TOF comprises, as far as we know, the first report describing the performance of this technology with COVID-19 diagnosis.•This work would encourage researchers to explore the potential of MALDI-TOF MS to assess the feasibility of this technology, as a rapid and reproducible screening tool for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2.•According to our preliminary results, mass spectrometry-based methods combined with multivariate analysis showed potential as a complementary diagnostic tool. Coronavirus disease 2019, known as COVID-19, is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The early, sensitive and specific detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus is widely recognized as the critical point in responding to the ongoing outbreak. Currently, the diagnosis is based on molecular real time RT-PCR techniques, although their implementation is being threatened due to the extraordinary demand for supplies worldwide. That is why the development of alternative and / or complementary tests becomes so relevant. Here, we exploit the potential of mass spectrometry technology combined with machine learning algorithms, for the detection of COVID-19 positive and negative protein profiles directly from nasopharyngeal swabs samples. According to the preliminary results obtained, accuracy = 67.66 %, sensitivity = 61.76 %, specificity = 71.72 %, and although these parameters still need to be improved to be used as a screening technique, mass spectrometry-based methods coupled with multivariate analysis showed that it is an interesting tool that deserves to be explored as a complementary diagnostic approach due to the low cost and fast performance. However, further steps, such as the analysis of a large number of samples, should be taken in consideration to determine the applicability of the method developed.
AbstractList	Coronavirus disease 2019, known as COVID-19, is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The early, sensitive and specific detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus is widely recognized as the critical point in responding to the ongoing outbreak. Currently, the diagnosis is based on molecular real time RT-PCR techniques, although their implementation is being threatened due to the extraordinary demand for supplies worldwide. That is why the development of alternative and / or complementary tests becomes so relevant. Here, we exploit the potential of mass spectrometry technology combined with machine learning algorithms, for the detection of COVID-19 positive and negative protein profiles directly from nasopharyngeal swabs samples. According to the preliminary results obtained, accuracy = 67.66 %, sensitivity = 61.76 %, specificity = 71.72 %, and although these parameters still need to be improved to be used as a screening technique, mass spectrometry-based methods coupled with multivariate analysis showed that it is an interesting tool that deserves to be explored as a complementary diagnostic approach due to the low cost and fast performance. However, further steps, such as the analysis of a large number of samples, should be taken in consideration to determine the applicability of the method developed. Coronavirus disease 2019, known as COVID-19, is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The early, sensitive and specific detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus is widely recognized as the critical point in responding to the ongoing outbreak. Currently, the diagnosis is based on molecular real time RT-PCR techniques, although their implementation is being threatened due to the extraordinary demand for supplies worldwide. That is why the development of alternative and / or complementary tests becomes so relevant. Here, we exploit the potential of mass spectrometry technology combined with machine learning algorithms, for the detection of COVID-19 positive and negative protein profiles directly from nasopharyngeal swabs samples. According to the preliminary results obtained, accuracy = 67.66 %, sensitivity = 61.76 %, specificity = 71.72 %, and although these parameters still need to be improved to be used as a screening technique, mass spectrometry-based methods coupled with multivariate analysis showed that it is an interesting tool that deserves to be explored as a complementary diagnostic approach due to the low cost and fast performance. However, further steps, such as the analysis of a large number of samples, should be taken in consideration to determine the applicability of the method developed.Coronavirus disease 2019, known as COVID-19, is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The early, sensitive and specific detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus is widely recognized as the critical point in responding to the ongoing outbreak. Currently, the diagnosis is based on molecular real time RT-PCR techniques, although their implementation is being threatened due to the extraordinary demand for supplies worldwide. That is why the development of alternative and / or complementary tests becomes so relevant. Here, we exploit the potential of mass spectrometry technology combined with machine learning algorithms, for the detection of COVID-19 positive and negative protein profiles directly from nasopharyngeal swabs samples. According to the preliminary results obtained, accuracy = 67.66 %, sensitivity = 61.76 %, specificity = 71.72 %, and although these parameters still need to be improved to be used as a screening technique, mass spectrometry-based methods coupled with multivariate analysis showed that it is an interesting tool that deserves to be explored as a complementary diagnostic approach due to the low cost and fast performance. However, further steps, such as the analysis of a large number of samples, should be taken in consideration to determine the applicability of the method developed. •This study with MALDI-TOF comprises, as far as we know, the first report describing the performance of this technology with COVID-19 diagnosis.•This work would encourage researchers to explore the potential of MALDI-TOF MS to assess the feasibility of this technology, as a rapid and reproducible screening tool for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2.•According to our preliminary results, mass spectrometry-based methods combined with multivariate analysis showed potential as a complementary diagnostic tool. Coronavirus disease 2019, known as COVID-19, is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The early, sensitive and specific detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus is widely recognized as the critical point in responding to the ongoing outbreak. Currently, the diagnosis is based on molecular real time RT-PCR techniques, although their implementation is being threatened due to the extraordinary demand for supplies worldwide. That is why the development of alternative and / or complementary tests becomes so relevant. Here, we exploit the potential of mass spectrometry technology combined with machine learning algorithms, for the detection of COVID-19 positive and negative protein profiles directly from nasopharyngeal swabs samples. According to the preliminary results obtained, accuracy = 67.66 %, sensitivity = 61.76 %, specificity = 71.72 %, and although these parameters still need to be improved to be used as a screening technique, mass spectrometry-based methods coupled with multivariate analysis showed that it is an interesting tool that deserves to be explored as a complementary diagnostic approach due to the low cost and fast performance. However, further steps, such as the analysis of a large number of samples, should be taken in consideration to determine the applicability of the method developed. • This study with MALDI-TOF comprises, as far as we know, the first report describing the performance of this technology with COVID-19 diagnosis. • This work would encourage researchers to explore the potential of MALDI-TOF MS to assess the feasibility of this technology, as a rapid and reproducible screening tool for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. • According to our preliminary results, mass spectrometry-based methods combined with multivariate analysis showed potential as a complementary diagnostic tool. Coronavirus disease 2019, known as COVID-19, is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The early, sensitive and specific detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus is widely recognized as the critical point in responding to the ongoing outbreak. Currently, the diagnosis is based on molecular real time RT-PCR techniques, although their implementation is being threatened due to the extraordinary demand for supplies worldwide. That is why the development of alternative and / or complementary tests becomes so relevant. Here, we exploit the potential of mass spectrometry technology combined with machine learning algorithms, for the detection of COVID-19 positive and negative protein profiles directly from nasopharyngeal swabs samples. According to the preliminary results obtained, accuracy = 67.66 %, sensitivity = 61.76 %, specificity = 71.72 %, and although these parameters still need to be improved to be used as a screening technique, mass spectrometry-based methods coupled with multivariate analysis showed that it is an interesting tool that deserves to be explored as a complementary diagnostic approach due to the low cost and fast performance. However, further steps, such as the analysis of a large number of samples, should be taken in consideration to determine the applicability of the method developed.
ArticleNumber	113991
Author	Vay, Carlos Dattero, María Elena Rocca, María Florencia Russo, Mara Zintgraff, Jonathan Cristian Santos, Leonardo Silva Prieto, Mónica Ledesma, Martín Baumeister, Elsa Nachtigall, Fabiane Manke Benedetti, Estefanía Avaro, Martín
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Keywords	COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 MALDI-TOF Mass spectrometry Machine learning
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Snippet	•This study with MALDI-TOF comprises, as far as we know, the first report describing the performance of this technology with COVID-19 diagnosis.•This work... Coronavirus disease 2019, known as COVID-19, is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The early, sensitive and specific... • This study with MALDI-TOF comprises, as far as we know, the first report describing the performance of this technology with COVID-19 diagnosis. • This work...
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SubjectTerms	Betacoronavirus - isolation & purification Clinical Laboratory Techniques - methods Coronavirus Infections - diagnosis Coronavirus Infections - virology COVID-19 COVID-19 infection COVID-19 Testing COVID-19 Vaccines Humans Machine Learning MALDI-TOF Mass Screening - methods Mass spectrometry matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry Multivariate Analysis Nasopharynx - virology Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral - diagnosis Pneumonia, Viral - virology Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction SARS-CoV-2 Sensitivity and Specificity Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization - methods viruses
Title	A combined approach of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and multivariate analysis as a potential tool for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus in nasopharyngeal swabs
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