Biting midges (Ceratopogonidae) as vectors of avian trypanosomes

Background Although avian trypanosomes are widespread parasites, the knowledge of their vectors is still incomplete. Despite biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are considered as potential vectors of avian trypanosomes, their role in transmission has not been satisfactorily elucidated. Our aim...

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Vydáno v:	Parasites & vectors Ročník 10; číslo 1; s. 224
Hlavní autoři:	Svobodová, Milena, Dolnik, Olga V., Čepička, Ivan, Rádrová, Jana
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	London BioMed Central 08.05.2017 Springer Nature B.V BMC
Témata:	Animals Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Bird Diseases - parasitology Bird Diseases - transmission Birds Birds - parasitology Biting Blood Canaries - parasitology Ceratopogonidae - anatomy & histology Ceratopogonidae - parasitology Culicoides nubeculosus digestive system Disease transmission Entomology Feeding Females Gastrointestinal tract Gastrointestinal Tract - parasitology Host Specificity Hosts Infections Infectious Diseases Insect Vectors - parasitology insects Laboratories Life-cycle Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Parasites Parasitology Phylogenetics Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing Transmission Tropical Medicine Trypanosoma Trypanosoma - classification Trypanosoma - genetics Trypanosoma - physiology Trypanosoma - ultrastructure Trypanosoma avium Trypanosoma bennetti Trypanosoma culicavium Trypanosome Trypanosomiasis - diagnosis Trypanosomiasis - parasitology Trypanosomiasis - transmission Trypanosomiasis - veterinary Vectors Veterinary Medicine/Veterinary Science Virology Avian parasite Life-cycle Transmission Host specificity Trypanosoma culicavium Culicoides nubeculosus Trypanosoma avium Trypanosoma bennetti
ISSN:	1756-3305, 1756-3305
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Shrnutí:	Background Although avian trypanosomes are widespread parasites, the knowledge of their vectors is still incomplete. Despite biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are considered as potential vectors of avian trypanosomes, their role in transmission has not been satisfactorily elucidated. Our aim was to clarify the potential of biting midges to sustain the development of avian trypanosomes by testing their susceptibility to different strains of avian trypanosomes experimentally. Moreover, we screened biting midges for natural infections in the wild. Results Laboratory-bred biting midges Culicoides nubeculosus were highly susceptible to trypanosomes from the Trypanosoma bennetti and T. avium clades. Infection rates reached 100%, heavy infections developed in 55–87% of blood-fed females. Parasite stages from the insect gut were infective for birds. Moreover, midges could be infected after feeding on a trypanosome-positive bird. Avian trypanosomes can thus complete their cycle in birds and biting midges. Furthermore, we succeeded to find infected blood meal-free biting midges in the wild. Conclusions Biting midges are probable vectors of avian trypanosomes belonging to T. bennetti group. Midges are highly susceptible to artificial infections, can be infected after feeding on birds, and T. bennetti -infected biting midges ( Culicoides spp.) have been found in nature. Moreover, midges can be used as model hosts producing metacyclic avian trypanosome stages infective for avian hosts.
Bibliografie:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23
ISSN:	1756-3305 1756-3305
DOI:	10.1186/s13071-017-2158-9