A New Look at Dual-Hop Relaying: Performance Limits with Hardware Impairments

Physical transceivers have hardware impairments that create distortions which degrade the performance of communication systems. The vast majority of technical contributions in the area of relaying neglect hardware impairments and, thus, assume ideal hardware. Such approximations make sense in low-ra...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on communications Vol. 61; no. 11; pp. 4512 - 4525
Main Authors: Bjornson, Emil, Matthaiou, Michail, Debbah, Merouane
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: New York, NY IEEE 01.11.2013
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subjects:
Access methods and protocols, osi model
ALLOCATION
Amplify-and-forward
Applied sciences
Asymptotic properties
BOUNDS
Computer Science
COOPERATIVE
Decode-and-forward
DIVERSITY
Dual-hop relaying
Ergodic capacity
Exact sciences and technology
Hardware
Nakagami-m fading
Networking and Internet Architecture
Optical telecommunications
Outage probability
Radiocommunications
Rayleigh channels
RAYLEIGH FADING CHANNELS
Relays
Signal to noise ratio
Switching and signalling
SYSTEMS
Systems, networks and services of telecommunications
Telecommunications
Telecommunications and information theory
Teleprocessing networks. Isdn
Transceiver hardware impairments
TRANSCEIVER IMPAIRMENTS
Transceivers
TRANSMISSIONS
Transmitters. Receivers
Performance evaluation
Relaying
Packet switching
Relay
dual-hop relaying
Outage
transceiver hardware impairments
Optical telecommunication
Transmission protocol
Ergodicity
Transceiver
Upper bound
Multihop network
Nakagami fading
outage probability
Optical switching
Nakagami-m fading
decode-and-forward
Telecommunication system
ergodic capacity
Routing protocols
Amplify-and-forward
Deterministic approach
Signal to noise ratio
ISSN:0090-6778, 1558-0857, 1558-0857
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Physical transceivers have hardware impairments that create distortions which degrade the performance of communication systems. The vast majority of technical contributions in the area of relaying neglect hardware impairments and, thus, assume ideal hardware. Such approximations make sense in low-rate systems, but can lead to very misleading results when analyzing future high-rate systems. This paper quantifies the impact of hardware impairments on dual-hop relaying, for both amplify-and-forward and decode-and-forward protocols. The outage probability (OP) in these practical scenarios is a function of the effective end-to-end signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio (SNDR). This paper derives new closed-form expressions for the exact and asymptotic OPs, accounting for hardware impairments at the source, relay, and destination. A similar analysis for the ergodic capacity is also pursued, resulting in new upper bounds. We assume that both hops are subject to independent but non-identically distributed Nakagami-m fading. This paper validates that the performance loss is small at low rates, but otherwise can be very substantial. In particular, it is proved that for high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the end-to-end SNDR converges to a deterministic constant, coined the SNDR ceiling, which is inversely proportional to the level of impairments. This stands in contrast to the ideal hardware case in which the end-to-end SNDR grows without bound in the high-SNR regime. Finally, we provide fundamental design guidelines for selecting hardware that satisfies the requirements of a practical relaying system.
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ISSN:0090-6778
1558-0857
1558-0857
DOI:10.1109/TCOMM.2013.100913.130282