Preservation of muscle mass as a strategy to reduce the toxic effects of cancer chemotherapy on body composition

Cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy often experience very debilitating side effects, including unintentional weight loss, nausea, and vomiting. Changes in body composition, specifically lean body mass (LBM), are known to have important implications for anticancer drug toxicity and cancer prognos...

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Vydáno v:Current opinion in supportive & palliative care Ročník 12; číslo 4; s. 420
Hlavní autoři: Pin, Fabrizio, Couch, Marion E, Bonetto, Andrea
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: United States 01.12.2018
Témata:
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols - adverse effects
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols - therapeutic use
Body Composition - drug effects
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Ghrelin - therapeutic use
Humans
Muscle, Skeletal - drug effects
Muscular Atrophy - drug therapy
Musculoskeletal Diseases - chemically induced
Musculoskeletal Diseases - physiopathology
Neoplasms - drug therapy
Nutrition Assessment
Quality of Life
Receptors, Ghrelin - agonists
ISSN:1751-4266, 1751-4266
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Abstract Cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy often experience very debilitating side effects, including unintentional weight loss, nausea, and vomiting. Changes in body composition, specifically lean body mass (LBM), are known to have important implications for anticancer drug toxicity and cancer prognosis. Currently, chemotherapy dosing is based on calculation of body surface area, although this approximation does not take into consideration the variability in lean and adipose tissue mass. Patients with depletion of muscle mass present higher chemotherapy-related toxicity, whereas patients with larger amounts of LBM show fewer toxicities and better outcomes. Commonly used chemotherapy regimens promote changes in body composition, primarily by affecting skeletal muscle, as well as fat and bone mass. Experimental evidence has shown that pro-atrophy mechanisms, abnormal mitochondrial metabolism, and reduced protein anabolism are primarily implicated in muscle depletion. Muscle-targeted pro-anabolic strategies have proven successful in preserving lean tissue in the occurrence of cancer or following chemotherapy. Muscle wasting often occurs as a consequence of anticancer treatments and is indicative of worse outcomes and poor quality of life in cancer patients. Accurate assessment of body composition and preservation of muscle mass may reduce chemotherapy toxicity and improve the overall survival.
AbstractList Cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy often experience very debilitating side effects, including unintentional weight loss, nausea, and vomiting. Changes in body composition, specifically lean body mass (LBM), are known to have important implications for anticancer drug toxicity and cancer prognosis. Currently, chemotherapy dosing is based on calculation of body surface area, although this approximation does not take into consideration the variability in lean and adipose tissue mass.PURPOSE OF REVIEWCancer patients undergoing chemotherapy often experience very debilitating side effects, including unintentional weight loss, nausea, and vomiting. Changes in body composition, specifically lean body mass (LBM), are known to have important implications for anticancer drug toxicity and cancer prognosis. Currently, chemotherapy dosing is based on calculation of body surface area, although this approximation does not take into consideration the variability in lean and adipose tissue mass.Patients with depletion of muscle mass present higher chemotherapy-related toxicity, whereas patients with larger amounts of LBM show fewer toxicities and better outcomes. Commonly used chemotherapy regimens promote changes in body composition, primarily by affecting skeletal muscle, as well as fat and bone mass. Experimental evidence has shown that pro-atrophy mechanisms, abnormal mitochondrial metabolism, and reduced protein anabolism are primarily implicated in muscle depletion. Muscle-targeted pro-anabolic strategies have proven successful in preserving lean tissue in the occurrence of cancer or following chemotherapy.RECENT FINDINGSPatients with depletion of muscle mass present higher chemotherapy-related toxicity, whereas patients with larger amounts of LBM show fewer toxicities and better outcomes. Commonly used chemotherapy regimens promote changes in body composition, primarily by affecting skeletal muscle, as well as fat and bone mass. Experimental evidence has shown that pro-atrophy mechanisms, abnormal mitochondrial metabolism, and reduced protein anabolism are primarily implicated in muscle depletion. Muscle-targeted pro-anabolic strategies have proven successful in preserving lean tissue in the occurrence of cancer or following chemotherapy.Muscle wasting often occurs as a consequence of anticancer treatments and is indicative of worse outcomes and poor quality of life in cancer patients. Accurate assessment of body composition and preservation of muscle mass may reduce chemotherapy toxicity and improve the overall survival.SUMMARYMuscle wasting often occurs as a consequence of anticancer treatments and is indicative of worse outcomes and poor quality of life in cancer patients. Accurate assessment of body composition and preservation of muscle mass may reduce chemotherapy toxicity and improve the overall survival.
Cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy often experience very debilitating side effects, including unintentional weight loss, nausea, and vomiting. Changes in body composition, specifically lean body mass (LBM), are known to have important implications for anticancer drug toxicity and cancer prognosis. Currently, chemotherapy dosing is based on calculation of body surface area, although this approximation does not take into consideration the variability in lean and adipose tissue mass. Patients with depletion of muscle mass present higher chemotherapy-related toxicity, whereas patients with larger amounts of LBM show fewer toxicities and better outcomes. Commonly used chemotherapy regimens promote changes in body composition, primarily by affecting skeletal muscle, as well as fat and bone mass. Experimental evidence has shown that pro-atrophy mechanisms, abnormal mitochondrial metabolism, and reduced protein anabolism are primarily implicated in muscle depletion. Muscle-targeted pro-anabolic strategies have proven successful in preserving lean tissue in the occurrence of cancer or following chemotherapy. Muscle wasting often occurs as a consequence of anticancer treatments and is indicative of worse outcomes and poor quality of life in cancer patients. Accurate assessment of body composition and preservation of muscle mass may reduce chemotherapy toxicity and improve the overall survival.
Author Bonetto, Andrea
Couch, Marion E
Pin, Fabrizio
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Fabrizio
  surname: Pin
  fullname: Pin, Fabrizio
  organization: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Marion E
  surname: Couch
  fullname: Couch, Marion E
  organization: Simon Cancer Center
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Andrea
  surname: Bonetto
  fullname: Bonetto, Andrea
  organization: Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30124526$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet Cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy often experience very debilitating side effects, including unintentional weight loss, nausea, and vomiting. Changes in...
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SubjectTerms Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols - adverse effects
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols - therapeutic use
Body Composition - drug effects
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Ghrelin - therapeutic use
Humans
Muscle, Skeletal - drug effects
Muscular Atrophy - drug therapy
Musculoskeletal Diseases - chemically induced
Musculoskeletal Diseases - physiopathology
Neoplasms - drug therapy
Nutrition Assessment
Quality of Life
Receptors, Ghrelin - agonists
Title Preservation of muscle mass as a strategy to reduce the toxic effects of cancer chemotherapy on body composition
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