Diagnosis and Management of NREM Sleep Parasomnias in Children and Adults

Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep parasomnias are recurrent abnormal behaviors emerging as incomplete arousals out of NREM sleep. Mounting evidence on NREM sleep parasomnias calls for an update of clinical and therapeutical strategies. In the current review, we summarize the state of the art and p...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Diagnostics (Basel) Vol. 13; no. 7; p. 1261
Main Authors: Mainieri, Greta, Loddo, Giuseppe, Provini, Federica, Nobili, Lino, Manconi, Mauro, Castelnovo, Anna
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 27.03.2023
MDPI
Subjects:
Adults
Analysis
Care and treatment
confusional arousal
Diagnosis
disorders of arousal
Health aspects
NREM sleep parasomnias
Parasomnias
Patients
Phenotype
Physiology
Questionnaires
Review
Sleep
Sleep deprivation
Sleep disorders
sleep terror
sleep-related eating disorder
Sleepwalking
Switzerland
NREM sleep parasomnias
disorders of arousal
sexsomnia
sleepwalking
sleep terror
confusional arousal
sleep-related eating disorder
ISSN:2075-4418, 2075-4418
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep parasomnias are recurrent abnormal behaviors emerging as incomplete arousals out of NREM sleep. Mounting evidence on NREM sleep parasomnias calls for an update of clinical and therapeutical strategies. In the current review, we summarize the state of the art and provide the necessary background to stimulate a critical revision of diagnostic criteria of disorders of arousal (DoA), the most common NREM sleep parasomnia. In particular, we highlight the poor sensitivity of the diagnostic items related to amnesia and absence of conscious experiences during DoA episodes, encourage the role of video-polysomnography and home-video recordings in the diagnostic and treatment work-up, and suggest three levels of diagnostic certainty based on clinical and objective findings. Furthermore, we highlight current gaps of knowledge that prevent the definition of standard guidelines and future research avenues.
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ISSN:2075-4418
2075-4418
DOI:10.3390/diagnostics13071261