A review of a decade of lessons from one of the world’s largest MPAs: conservation gains and key challenges

Given the recent trend towards establishing very large marine protected areas (MPAs) and the high potential of these to contribute to global conservation targets, we review outcomes of the last decade of marine conservation research in the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT), one of the largest MP...

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Vydané v:Marine biology Ročník 167; číslo 11; s. 159
Hlavní autori: Hays, Graeme C., Koldewey, Heather J., Andrzejaczek, Samantha, Attrill, Martin J., Barley, Shanta, Bayley, Daniel T. I., Benkwitt, Cassandra E., Block, Barbara, Schallert, Robert J., Carlisle, Aaron B., Carr, Pete, Chapple, Taylor K., Collins, Claire, Diaz, Clara, Dunn, Nicholas, Dunbar, Robert B., Eager, Dannielle S., Engel, Julian, Embling, Clare B., Esteban, Nicole, Ferretti, Francesco, Foster, Nicola L., Freeman, Robin, Gollock, Matthew, Graham, Nicholas A. J., Harris, Joanna L., Head, Catherine E. I., Hosegood, Phil, Howell, Kerry L., Hussey, Nigel E., Jacoby, David M. P., Jones, Rachel, Sannassy Pilly, Sivajyodee, Lange, Ines D., Letessier, Tom B., Levy, Emma, Lindhart, Mathilde, McDevitt-Irwin, Jamie M., Meekan, Mark, Meeuwig, Jessica J., Micheli, Fiorenza, Mogg, Andrew O. M., Mortimer, Jeanne A., Mucciarone, David A., Nicoll, Malcolm A., Nuno, Ana, Perry, Chris T., Preston, Stephen G., Rattray, Alex J., Robinson, Edward, Roche, Ronan C., Schiele, Melissa, Sheehan, Emma V., Sheppard, Anne, Sheppard, Charles, Smith, Adrian L., Soule, Bradley, Spalding, Mark, Stevens, Guy M. W., Steyaert, Margaux, Stiffel, Sarah, Taylor, Brett M., Tickler, David, Trevail, Alice M., Trueba, Pablo, Turner, John, Votier, Stephen, Wilson, Bry, Williams, Gareth J., Williamson, Benjamin J., Williamson, Michael J., Wood, Hannah, Curnick, David J.
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.11.2020
Springer
Springer Nature B.V
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ISSN:0025-3162, 1432-1793
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Abstract Given the recent trend towards establishing very large marine protected areas (MPAs) and the high potential of these to contribute to global conservation targets, we review outcomes of the last decade of marine conservation research in the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT), one of the largest MPAs in the world. The BIOT MPA consists of the atolls of the Chagos Archipelago, interspersed with and surrounded by deep oceanic waters. Islands around the atoll rims serve as nesting grounds for sea birds. Extensive and diverse shallow and mesophotic reef habitats provide essential habitat and feeding grounds for all marine life, and the absence of local human impacts may improve recovery after coral bleaching events. Census data have shown recent increases in the abundance of sea turtles, high numbers of nesting seabirds and high fish abundance, at least some of which is linked to the lack of recent harvesting. For example, across the archipelago the annual number of green turtle clutches ( Chelonia mydas ) is ~ 20,500 and increasing and the number of seabirds is ~ 1 million. Animal tracking studies have shown that some taxa breed and/or forage consistently within the MPA (e.g. some reef fishes, elasmobranchs and seabirds), suggesting the MPA has the potential to provide long-term protection. In contrast, post-nesting green turtles travel up to 4000 km to distant foraging sites, so the protected beaches in the Chagos Archipelago provide a nesting sanctuary for individuals that forage across an ocean basin and several geopolitical borders. Surveys using divers and underwater video systems show high habitat diversity and abundant marine life on all trophic levels. For example, coral cover can be as high as 40–50%. Ecological studies are shedding light on how remote ecosystems function, connect to each other and respond to climate-driven stressors compared to other locations that are more locally impacted. However, important threats to this MPA have been identified, particularly global heating events, and Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing activity, which considerably impact both reef and pelagic fishes.
AbstractList Given the recent trend towards establishing very large marine protected areas (MPAs) and the high potential of these to contribute to global conservation targets, we review outcomes of the last decade of marine conservation research in the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT), one of the largest MPAs in the world. The BIOT MPA consists of the atolls of the Chagos Archipelago, interspersed with and surrounded by deep oceanic waters. Islands around the atoll rims serve as nesting grounds for sea birds. Extensive and diverse shallow and mesophotic reef habitats provide essential habitat and feeding grounds for all marine life, and the absence of local human impacts may improve recovery after coral bleaching events. Census data have shown recent increases in the abundance of sea turtles, high numbers of nesting seabirds and high fish abundance, at least some of which is linked to the lack of recent harvesting. For example, across the archipelago the annual number of green turtle clutches ( Chelonia mydas ) is ~ 20,500 and increasing and the number of seabirds is ~ 1 million. Animal tracking studies have shown that some taxa breed and/or forage consistently within the MPA (e.g. some reef fishes, elasmobranchs and seabirds), suggesting the MPA has the potential to provide long-term protection. In contrast, post-nesting green turtles travel up to 4000 km to distant foraging sites, so the protected beaches in the Chagos Archipelago provide a nesting sanctuary for individuals that forage across an ocean basin and several geopolitical borders. Surveys using divers and underwater video systems show high habitat diversity and abundant marine life on all trophic levels. For example, coral cover can be as high as 40–50%. Ecological studies are shedding light on how remote ecosystems function, connect to each other and respond to climate-driven stressors compared to other locations that are more locally impacted. However, important threats to this MPA have been identified, particularly global heating events, and Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing activity, which considerably impact both reef and pelagic fishes.
Given the recent trend towards establishing very large marine protected areas (MPAs) and the high potential of these to contribute to global conservation targets, we review outcomes of the last decade of marine conservation research in the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT), one of the largest MPAs in the world. The BIOT MPA consists of the atolls of the Chagos Archipelago, interspersed with and surrounded by deep oceanic waters. Islands around the atoll rims serve as nesting grounds for sea birds. Extensive and diverse shallow and mesophotic reef habitats provide essential habitat and feeding grounds for all marine life, and the absence of local human impacts may improve recovery after coral bleaching events. Census data have shown recent increases in the abundance of sea turtles, high numbers of nesting seabirds and high fish abundance, at least some of which is linked to the lack of recent harvesting. For example, across the archipelago the annual number of green turtle clutches (Chelonia mydas) is ~ 20,500 and increasing and the number of seabirds is ~ 1 million. Animal tracking studies have shown that some taxa breed and/or forage consistently within the MPA (e.g. some reef fishes, elasmobranchs and seabirds), suggesting the MPA has the potential to provide long-term protection. In contrast, post-nesting green turtles travel up to 4000 km to distant foraging sites, so the protected beaches in the Chagos Archipelago provide a nesting sanctuary for individuals that forage across an ocean basin and several geopolitical borders. Surveys using divers and underwater video systems show high habitat diversity and abundant marine life on all trophic levels. For example, coral cover can be as high as 40-50%. Ecological studies are shedding light on how remote ecosystems function, connect to each other and respond to climate-driven stressors compared to other locations that are more locally impacted. However, important threats to this MPA have been identified, particularly global heating events, and Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing activity, which considerably impact both reef and pelagic fishes.
ArticleNumber 159
Audience Academic
Author Hays, Graeme C.
Attrill, Martin J.
Embling, Clare B.
Roche, Ronan C.
Williamson, Benjamin J.
Carr, Pete
Mucciarone, David A.
Tickler, David
Levy, Emma
Lange, Ines D.
Curnick, David J.
Votier, Stephen
Jacoby, David M. P.
Meeuwig, Jessica J.
Dunbar, Robert B.
Hussey, Nigel E.
Nicoll, Malcolm A.
Wilson, Bry
Freeman, Robin
Bayley, Daniel T. I.
Gollock, Matthew
Koldewey, Heather J.
Harris, Joanna L.
Hosegood, Phil
Mortimer, Jeanne A.
Esteban, Nicole
Mogg, Andrew O. M.
Eager, Dannielle S.
Howell, Kerry L.
Robinson, Edward
Williamson, Michael J.
Sheppard, Anne
Block, Barbara
Chapple, Taylor K.
Wood, Hannah
Preston, Stephen G.
Engel, Julian
Sheppard, Charles
Letessier, Tom B.
Smith, Adrian L.
Dunn, Nicholas
Nuno, Ana
Trevail, Alice M.
Barley, Shanta
Carlisle, Aaron B.
Rattray, Alex J.
Williams, Gareth J.
Lindhart, Mathilde
Meekan, Mark
Stiffel, Sarah
Perry, Chris T.
Steyaert, Margaux
Spalding, Mark
Schallert, Robert J.
Collins, Claire
Head, Catherine E. I.
Graham, Nicholas A. J.
Schiele, Melissa
Sannassy Pilly, Sivajyodee
Foster, Nicola L.
Benkwitt, Ca
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RelatedPersons Turner, John (Canadian prime minister)
Block, Barbara
RelatedPersons_xml – fullname: Turner, John (Canadian prime minister)
– fullname: Block, Barbara
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Snippet Given the recent trend towards establishing very large marine protected areas (MPAs) and the high potential of these to contribute to global conservation...
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SubjectTerms Abundance
anthropogenic activities
Aquatic birds
Aquatic habitats
Aquatic reptiles
Archipelagoes
Atolls
basins
beaches
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Block, Barbara
census data
Chelonia mydas
Concept
Conservation
Coral bleaching
Coral reefs and islands
corals
Divers
Ecological function
Ecological studies
Ecosystems
Elasmobranchii
Environmental law
Fish
Fishes
Forage
Foraging
Foraging habitats
Freshwater & Marine Ecology
global warming
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Title A review of a decade of lessons from one of the world’s largest MPAs: conservation gains and key challenges
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Volume 167
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