Quantum algorithmic measurement

There has been recent promising experimental and theoretical evidence that quantum computational tools might enhance the precision and efficiency of physical experiments. However, a systematic treatment and comprehensive framework are missing. Here we initiate the systematic study of experimental qu...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nature communications Vol. 13; no. 1; pp. 887 - 9
Main Authors: Aharonov, Dorit, Cotler, Jordan, Qi, Xiao-Liang
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 16.02.2022
Nature Publishing Group
Nature Portfolio
Subjects:
639/705/117
639/766/259
639/766/483/481
Algorithms
CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS
Complexity
Computer applications
computer science
Computers
Experiments
Humanities and Social Sciences
information computation
information theory
MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING
multidisciplinary
Physics
Quantum computers
quantum information
Quantum theory
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Software
Time dependence
ISSN:2041-1723, 2041-1723
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:There has been recent promising experimental and theoretical evidence that quantum computational tools might enhance the precision and efficiency of physical experiments. However, a systematic treatment and comprehensive framework are missing. Here we initiate the systematic study of experimental quantum physics from the perspective of computational complexity. To this end, we define the framework of quantum algorithmic measurements (QUALMs), a hybrid of black box quantum algorithms and interactive protocols. We use the QUALM framework to study two important experimental problems in quantum many-body physics: determining whether a system’s Hamiltonian is time-independent or time-dependent, and determining the symmetry class of the dynamics of the system. We study abstractions of these problems and show for both cases that if the experimentalist can use her experimental samples coherently (in both space and time), a provable exponential speedup is achieved compared to the standard situation in which each experimental sample is accessed separately. Our work suggests that quantum computers can provide a new type of exponential advantage: exponential savings in resources in quantum experiments. Applying the language of computational complexity to study real-world experiments requires a rigorous framework. Here, the authors provide such a framework and establish that there can be an exponential savings in resources if an experimentalist can entangle apparatuses with experimental samples.
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Simons Foundation
Israel Science Foundation (ISF)
SC0012567; SC0019380; 0399494-1721/17; 385590; 2137/19
USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
Fannie and John Hertz Foundation
ISSN:2041-1723
2041-1723
DOI:10.1038/s41467-021-27922-0