How does the COVID-19 cause seizure and epilepsy in patients? The potential mechanisms
•Seizure is one symptom of COVID-19.•Cytokine-storm in the brain is the most important reason of seizure in COVID-19•Pro-inflammatory cytokines cause neuronal hyper-excitation. The new coronavirus has spread throughout the world in a very short time and now has become a pandemic. Most infected peopl...
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| Vydáno v: | Multiple sclerosis and related disorders Ročník 46; s. 102535 |
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Elsevier B.V
01.11.2020
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| Abstract | •Seizure is one symptom of COVID-19.•Cytokine-storm in the brain is the most important reason of seizure in COVID-19•Pro-inflammatory cytokines cause neuronal hyper-excitation.
The new coronavirus has spread throughout the world in a very short time and now has become a pandemic. Most infected people have symptoms such as dry cough, dyspnea, tiredness, and fever. However, the Covid-19 infection disrupts various organs, including the liver, kidney, and nervous system. Common neurological symptoms of the Covid-19 infection include delirium, confusion, headache, and loss of sense of smell and taste. In rare cases it can cause stroke and epilepsy. The virus enters the nervous system either directly through nerve pathways or indirectly through the ACE2 receptor. The neurological symptoms of a Covid-19 infection in the brain are mainly due to either the entry of pro-inflammatory cytokines into the nervous system or the production of these cytokines by microglia and astrocytes. Pro-inflammatory cytokines can cause blood-brain barrier disruption, increase in glutamate and aspartate and reduce GABA levels, impairs the function of ion channels, and finally, high levels of cytokines can cause epilepsy. Understanding the potential mechanisms is necessary to gain better insight into COVID-19 induced seizure pathogenesis and to design the correct treatment strategies to achieve appropriate treatment for seizure and epilepsy. |
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| AbstractList | •Seizure is one symptom of COVID-19.•Cytokine-storm in the brain is the most important reason of seizure in COVID-19•Pro-inflammatory cytokines cause neuronal hyper-excitation.
The new coronavirus has spread throughout the world in a very short time and now has become a pandemic. Most infected people have symptoms such as dry cough, dyspnea, tiredness, and fever. However, the Covid-19 infection disrupts various organs, including the liver, kidney, and nervous system. Common neurological symptoms of the Covid-19 infection include delirium, confusion, headache, and loss of sense of smell and taste. In rare cases it can cause stroke and epilepsy. The virus enters the nervous system either directly through nerve pathways or indirectly through the ACE2 receptor. The neurological symptoms of a Covid-19 infection in the brain are mainly due to either the entry of pro-inflammatory cytokines into the nervous system or the production of these cytokines by microglia and astrocytes. Pro-inflammatory cytokines can cause blood-brain barrier disruption, increase in glutamate and aspartate and reduce GABA levels, impairs the function of ion channels, and finally, high levels of cytokines can cause epilepsy. Understanding the potential mechanisms is necessary to gain better insight into COVID-19 induced seizure pathogenesis and to design the correct treatment strategies to achieve appropriate treatment for seizure and epilepsy. • Seizure is one symptom of COVID-19. • Cytokine-storm in the brain is the most important reason of seizure in COVID-19 • Pro-inflammatory cytokines cause neuronal hyper-excitation. The new coronavirus has spread throughout the world in a very short time and now has become a pandemic. Most infected people have symptoms such as dry cough, dyspnea, tiredness, and fever. However, the Covid-19 infection disrupts various organs, including the liver, kidney, and nervous system. Common neurological symptoms of the Covid-19 infection include delirium, confusion, headache, and loss of sense of smell and taste. In rare cases it can cause stroke and epilepsy. The virus enters the nervous system either directly through nerve pathways or indirectly through the ACE2 receptor. The neurological symptoms of a Covid-19 infection in the brain are mainly due to either the entry of pro-inflammatory cytokines into the nervous system or the production of these cytokines by microglia and astrocytes. Pro-inflammatory cytokines can cause blood-brain barrier disruption, increase in glutamate and aspartate and reduce GABA levels, impairs the function of ion channels, and finally, high levels of cytokines can cause epilepsy. Understanding the potential mechanisms is necessary to gain better insight into COVID-19 induced seizure pathogenesis and to design the correct treatment strategies to achieve appropriate treatment for seizure and epilepsy. The new coronavirus has spread throughout the world in a very short time and now has become a pandemic. Most infected people have symptoms such as dry cough, dyspnea, tiredness, and fever. However, the Covid-19 infection disrupts various organs, including the liver, kidney, and nervous system. Common neurological symptoms of the Covid-19 infection include delirium, confusion, headache, and loss of sense of smell and taste. In rare cases it can cause stroke and epilepsy. The virus enters the nervous system either directly through nerve pathways or indirectly through the ACE2 receptor. The neurological symptoms of a Covid-19 infection in the brain are mainly due to either the entry of pro-inflammatory cytokines into the nervous system or the production of these cytokines by microglia and astrocytes. Pro-inflammatory cytokines can cause blood-brain barrier disruption, increase in glutamate and aspartate and reduce GABA levels, impairs the function of ion channels, and finally, high levels of cytokines can cause epilepsy. Understanding the potential mechanisms is necessary to gain better insight into COVID-19 induced seizure pathogenesis and to design the correct treatment strategies to achieve appropriate treatment for seizure and epilepsy.The new coronavirus has spread throughout the world in a very short time and now has become a pandemic. Most infected people have symptoms such as dry cough, dyspnea, tiredness, and fever. However, the Covid-19 infection disrupts various organs, including the liver, kidney, and nervous system. Common neurological symptoms of the Covid-19 infection include delirium, confusion, headache, and loss of sense of smell and taste. In rare cases it can cause stroke and epilepsy. The virus enters the nervous system either directly through nerve pathways or indirectly through the ACE2 receptor. The neurological symptoms of a Covid-19 infection in the brain are mainly due to either the entry of pro-inflammatory cytokines into the nervous system or the production of these cytokines by microglia and astrocytes. Pro-inflammatory cytokines can cause blood-brain barrier disruption, increase in glutamate and aspartate and reduce GABA levels, impairs the function of ion channels, and finally, high levels of cytokines can cause epilepsy. Understanding the potential mechanisms is necessary to gain better insight into COVID-19 induced seizure pathogenesis and to design the correct treatment strategies to achieve appropriate treatment for seizure and epilepsy. The new coronavirus has spread throughout the world in a very short time and now has become a pandemic. Most infected people have symptoms such as dry cough, dyspnea, tiredness, and fever. However, the Covid-19 infection disrupts various organs, including the liver, kidney, and nervous system. Common neurological symptoms of the Covid-19 infection include delirium, confusion, headache, and loss of sense of smell and taste. In rare cases it can cause stroke and epilepsy. The virus enters the nervous system either directly through nerve pathways or indirectly through the ACE2 receptor. The neurological symptoms of a Covid-19 infection in the brain are mainly due to either the entry of pro-inflammatory cytokines into the nervous system or the production of these cytokines by microglia and astrocytes. Pro-inflammatory cytokines can cause blood-brain barrier disruption, increase in glutamate and aspartate and reduce GABA levels, impairs the function of ion channels, and finally, high levels of cytokines can cause epilepsy. Understanding the potential mechanisms is necessary to gain better insight into COVID-19 induced seizure pathogenesis and to design the correct treatment strategies to achieve appropriate treatment for seizure and epilepsy. Highlights•Seizure is one symptom of COVID-19. •Cytokine-storm in the brain is the most important reason of seizure in COVID-19 •Pro-inflammatory cytokines cause neuronal hyper-excitation. |
| ArticleNumber | 102535 |
| Author | Mohammadi, Ekram Nikbakht, Farnaz Mohammadkhanizadeh, Ali |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Farnaz surname: Nikbakht fullname: Nikbakht, Farnaz – sequence: 2 givenname: Ali orcidid: 0000-0002-1816-1932 surname: Mohammadkhanizadeh fullname: Mohammadkhanizadeh, Ali email: Ali_mohamadkhany@yahoo.com – sequence: 3 givenname: Ekram surname: Mohammadi fullname: Mohammadi, Ekram |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33010584$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| License | Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. |
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| Snippet | •Seizure is one symptom of COVID-19.•Cytokine-storm in the brain is the most important reason of seizure in COVID-19•Pro-inflammatory cytokines cause neuronal... Highlights•Seizure is one symptom of COVID-19. •Cytokine-storm in the brain is the most important reason of seizure in COVID-19 •Pro-inflammatory cytokines... The new coronavirus has spread throughout the world in a very short time and now has become a pandemic. Most infected people have symptoms such as dry cough,... • Seizure is one symptom of COVID-19. • Cytokine-storm in the brain is the most important reason of seizure in COVID-19 • Pro-inflammatory cytokines cause... |
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| SubjectTerms | Covid-19 COVID-19 - complications COVID-19 - virology Epilepsy Epilepsy - etiology Headache - etiology Humans Neurology Pandemic Review SARS-CoV-2 - pathogenicity Seizure Seizures - etiology Stroke - etiology |
| Title | How does the COVID-19 cause seizure and epilepsy in patients? The potential mechanisms |
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