Inhibitory and facilitatory connectivity from ventral premotor to primary motor cortex in healthy humans at rest – A bifocal TMS study
In macaques, intracortical electrical stimulation of ventral premotor cortex (PMv) can modulate ipsilateral primary motor cortex (M1) excitability at short interstimulus intervals (ISIs). Adopting the same conditioning-test approach, we used bifocal transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to examine...
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| Vydáno v: | Clinical neurophysiology Ročník 120; číslo 9; s. 1724 - 1731 |
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| Hlavní autoři: | , , , , , , , , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
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Netherlands
Elsevier Ireland Ltd
01.09.2009
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| ISSN: | 1388-2457, 1872-8952, 1872-8952 |
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| Abstract | In macaques, intracortical electrical stimulation of ventral premotor cortex (PMv) can modulate ipsilateral primary motor cortex (M1) excitability at short interstimulus intervals (ISIs).
Adopting the same conditioning-test approach, we used bifocal transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to examine intrahemispheric connectivity between left PMv and M1 in humans. A conditioning stimulus (CS) was applied to PMv at intensities of 80% and 90% of active motor threshold (AMT) and 90% and 110% of resting motor threshold (RMT). A supra-threshold test stimulus (TS) was given 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10
ms after the CS and the amplitude of the motor evoked potential (MEP) was measured to probe corticospinal excitability.
The CS facilitated corticospinal excitability in ipsilateral M1 when PMv was stimulated with 80% AMT 4 or 6
ms before the TS. At the same ISIs, the CS suppressed corticospinal excitability when the stimulus intensity was increased to 90% RMT. Conditioning effects were site-specific because conditioning the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) at three different sites produced different effects. Using neuronavigated TMS the PMv site where applied CS produced changes in ipsilateral M1 excitability was located at the border between ventral Brodmann area (BA) 6 and BA 44, the human homologue of monkey’s PMv (area F5).
We infer that the corticospinal motor output from M1 to contralateral hand muscles can be facilitated or inhibited by a CS over ipsilateral PMv.
The fact that conditioning effects following PMd stimulation differ from those after PMv stimulation supports the concept that inputs from premotor cortices to M1 are functionally segregated. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | In macaques, intracortical electrical stimulation of ventral premotor cortex (PMv) can modulate ipsilateral primary motor cortex (M1) excitability at short interstimulus intervals (ISIs).
Adopting the same conditioning-test approach, we used bifocal transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to examine intrahemispheric connectivity between left PMv and M1 in humans. A conditioning stimulus (CS) was applied to PMv at intensities of 80% and 90% of active motor threshold (AMT) and 90% and 110% of resting motor threshold (RMT). A supra-threshold test stimulus (TS) was given 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 ms after the CS and the amplitude of the motor evoked potential (MEP) was measured to probe corticospinal excitability.
The CS facilitated corticospinal excitability in ipsilateral M1 when PMv was stimulated with 80% AMT 4 or 6 ms before the TS. At the same ISIs, the CS suppressed corticospinal excitability when the stimulus intensity was increased to 90% RMT. Conditioning effects were site-specific because conditioning the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) at three different sites produced different effects. Using neuronavigated TMS the PMv site where applied CS produced changes in ipsilateral M1 excitability was located at the border between ventral Brodmann area (BA) 6 and BA 44, the human homologue of monkey's PMv (area F5).
We infer that the corticospinal motor output from M1 to contralateral hand muscles can be facilitated or inhibited by a CS over ipsilateral PMv.
The fact that conditioning effects following PMd stimulation differ from those after PMv stimulation supports the concept that inputs from premotor cortices to M1 are functionally segregated. In macaques, intracortical electrical stimulation of ventral premotor cortex (PMv) can modulate ipsilateral primary motor cortex (M1) excitability at short interstimulus intervals (ISIs). Adopting the same conditioning-test approach, we used bifocal transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to examine intrahemispheric connectivity between left PMv and M1 in humans. A conditioning stimulus (CS) was applied to PMv at intensities of 80% and 90% of active motor threshold (AMT) and 90% and 110% of resting motor threshold (RMT). A supra-threshold test stimulus (TS) was given 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 ms after the CS and the amplitude of the motor evoked potential (MEP) was measured to probe corticospinal excitability. The CS facilitated corticospinal excitability in ipsilateral M1 when PMv was stimulated with 80% AMT 4 or 6 ms before the TS. At the same ISIs, the CS suppressed corticospinal excitability when the stimulus intensity was increased to 90% RMT. Conditioning effects were site-specific because conditioning the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) at three different sites produced different effects. Using neuronavigated TMS the PMv site where applied CS produced changes in ipsilateral M1 excitability was located at the border between ventral Brodmann area (BA) 6 and BA 44, the human homologue of monkey’s PMv (area F5). We infer that the corticospinal motor output from M1 to contralateral hand muscles can be facilitated or inhibited by a CS over ipsilateral PMv. The fact that conditioning effects following PMd stimulation differ from those after PMv stimulation supports the concept that inputs from premotor cortices to M1 are functionally segregated. Objective - In macaques, intracortical electrical stimulation of ventral premotor cortex (PMv) can modulate ipsilateral primary motor cortex (M1) excitability at short interstimulus intervals (ISIs). Methods - Adopting the same conditioning-test approach, we used bifocal transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to examine intrahemispheric connectivity between left PMv and M1 in humans. A conditioning stimulus (CS) was applied to PMv at intensities of 80% and 90% of active motor threshold (AMT) and 90% and 110% of resting motor threshold (RMT). A supra-threshold test stimulus (TS) was given 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 ms after the CS and the amplitude of the motor evoked potential (MEP) was measured to probe corticospinal excitability. Results - The CS facilitated corticospinal excitability in ipsilateral M1 when PMv was stimulated with 80% AMT 4 or 6 ms before the TS. At the same ISIs, the CS suppressed corticospinal excitability when the stimulus intensity was increased to 90% RMT. Conditioning effects were site-specific because conditioning the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) at three different sites produced different effects. Using neuronavigated TMS the PMv site where applied CS produced changes in ipsilateral M1 excitability was located at the border between ventral Brodmann area (BA) 6 and BA 44, the human homologue of monkeys PMv (area F5). Conclusion - We infer that the corticospinal motor output from M1 to contralateral hand muscles can be facilitated or inhibited by a CS over ipsilateral PMv. Significance - The fact that conditioning effects following PMd stimulation differ from those after PMv stimulation supports the concept that inputs from premotor cortices to M1 are functionally segregated. AbstractObjectiveIn macaques, intracortical electrical stimulation of ventral premotor cortex (PMv) can modulate ipsilateral primary motor cortex (M1) excitability at short interstimulus intervals (ISIs). MethodsAdopting the same conditioning-test approach, we used bifocal transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to examine intrahemispheric connectivity between left PMv and M1 in humans. A conditioning stimulus (CS) was applied to PMv at intensities of 80% and 90% of active motor threshold (AMT) and 90% and 110% of resting motor threshold (RMT). A supra-threshold test stimulus (TS) was given 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 ms after the CS and the amplitude of the motor evoked potential (MEP) was measured to probe corticospinal excitability. ResultsThe CS facilitated corticospinal excitability in ipsilateral M1 when PMv was stimulated with 80% AMT 4 or 6 ms before the TS. At the same ISIs, the CS suppressed corticospinal excitability when the stimulus intensity was increased to 90% RMT. Conditioning effects were site-specific because conditioning the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) at three different sites produced different effects. Using neuronavigated TMS the PMv site where applied CS produced changes in ipsilateral M1 excitability was located at the border between ventral Brodmann area (BA) 6 and BA 44, the human homologue of monkey’s PMv (area F5). ConclusionWe infer that the corticospinal motor output from M1 to contralateral hand muscles can be facilitated or inhibited by a CS over ipsilateral PMv. SignificanceThe fact that conditioning effects following PMd stimulation differ from those after PMv stimulation supports the concept that inputs from premotor cortices to M1 are functionally segregated. In macaques, intracortical electrical stimulation of ventral premotor cortex (PMv) can modulate ipsilateral primary motor cortex (M1) excitability at short interstimulus intervals (ISIs).OBJECTIVEIn macaques, intracortical electrical stimulation of ventral premotor cortex (PMv) can modulate ipsilateral primary motor cortex (M1) excitability at short interstimulus intervals (ISIs).Adopting the same conditioning-test approach, we used bifocal transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to examine intrahemispheric connectivity between left PMv and M1 in humans. A conditioning stimulus (CS) was applied to PMv at intensities of 80% and 90% of active motor threshold (AMT) and 90% and 110% of resting motor threshold (RMT). A supra-threshold test stimulus (TS) was given 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 ms after the CS and the amplitude of the motor evoked potential (MEP) was measured to probe corticospinal excitability.METHODSAdopting the same conditioning-test approach, we used bifocal transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to examine intrahemispheric connectivity between left PMv and M1 in humans. A conditioning stimulus (CS) was applied to PMv at intensities of 80% and 90% of active motor threshold (AMT) and 90% and 110% of resting motor threshold (RMT). A supra-threshold test stimulus (TS) was given 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 ms after the CS and the amplitude of the motor evoked potential (MEP) was measured to probe corticospinal excitability.The CS facilitated corticospinal excitability in ipsilateral M1 when PMv was stimulated with 80% AMT 4 or 6 ms before the TS. At the same ISIs, the CS suppressed corticospinal excitability when the stimulus intensity was increased to 90% RMT. Conditioning effects were site-specific because conditioning the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) at three different sites produced different effects. Using neuronavigated TMS the PMv site where applied CS produced changes in ipsilateral M1 excitability was located at the border between ventral Brodmann area (BA) 6 and BA 44, the human homologue of monkey's PMv (area F5).RESULTSThe CS facilitated corticospinal excitability in ipsilateral M1 when PMv was stimulated with 80% AMT 4 or 6 ms before the TS. At the same ISIs, the CS suppressed corticospinal excitability when the stimulus intensity was increased to 90% RMT. Conditioning effects were site-specific because conditioning the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) at three different sites produced different effects. Using neuronavigated TMS the PMv site where applied CS produced changes in ipsilateral M1 excitability was located at the border between ventral Brodmann area (BA) 6 and BA 44, the human homologue of monkey's PMv (area F5).We infer that the corticospinal motor output from M1 to contralateral hand muscles can be facilitated or inhibited by a CS over ipsilateral PMv.CONCLUSIONWe infer that the corticospinal motor output from M1 to contralateral hand muscles can be facilitated or inhibited by a CS over ipsilateral PMv.The fact that conditioning effects following PMd stimulation differ from those after PMv stimulation supports the concept that inputs from premotor cortices to M1 are functionally segregated.SIGNIFICANCEThe fact that conditioning effects following PMd stimulation differ from those after PMv stimulation supports the concept that inputs from premotor cortices to M1 are functionally segregated. |
| Author | Siebner, H.R. Bäumer, T. Kroeger, J. Schippling, S. Thomalla, G. Zittel, S. Koch, G. Rothwell, J.C. Münchau, A. Orth, M. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: T. surname: Bäumer fullname: Bäumer, T. email: baeumer@uke.uni-hamburg.de organization: Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany – sequence: 2 givenname: S. surname: Schippling fullname: Schippling, S. organization: Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany – sequence: 3 givenname: J. surname: Kroeger fullname: Kroeger, J. organization: Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany – sequence: 4 givenname: S. surname: Zittel fullname: Zittel, S. organization: Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany – sequence: 5 givenname: G. surname: Koch fullname: Koch, G. organization: Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, University College London, London, UK – sequence: 6 givenname: G. surname: Thomalla fullname: Thomalla, G. organization: Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany – sequence: 7 givenname: J.C. surname: Rothwell fullname: Rothwell, J.C. organization: Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, University College London, London, UK – sequence: 8 givenname: H.R. surname: Siebner fullname: Siebner, H.R. organization: Institute for Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Germany – sequence: 9 givenname: M. surname: Orth fullname: Orth, M. organization: Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Germany – sequence: 10 givenname: A. surname: Münchau fullname: Münchau, A. organization: Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19683960$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Snippet | In macaques, intracortical electrical stimulation of ventral premotor cortex (PMv) can modulate ipsilateral primary motor cortex (M1) excitability at short... AbstractObjectiveIn macaques, intracortical electrical stimulation of ventral premotor cortex (PMv) can modulate ipsilateral primary motor cortex (M1)... Objective - In macaques, intracortical electrical stimulation of ventral premotor cortex (PMv) can modulate ipsilateral primary motor cortex (M1) excitability... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adult Cortical connectivity Data Interpretation, Statistical Electromyography Evoked Potentials, Motor - physiology Female Functional Laterality - physiology Humans Macaca Male Motor Cortex - physiology Motor system Neural Pathways - physiology Neurology Prefrontal Cortex - physiology Rest - physiology Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Ventral premotor cortex Young Adult |
| Title | Inhibitory and facilitatory connectivity from ventral premotor to primary motor cortex in healthy humans at rest – A bifocal TMS study |
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