Sexual and gender-based violence against refugee women: a hidden aspect of the refugee "crisis"
The current refugee “crisis” in Europe has created multiple forms of vulnerability and insecurity for refugee women including various forms of sexual and gender-based violence. Increasing numbers of women, either alone or with family, are attempting to reach Europe to seek protection from conflict a...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Reproductive health matters Jg. 24; H. 47; S. 18 - 26 |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
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Netherlands
Elsevier B.V
01.05.2016
Taylor & Francis Elsevier BV Elsevier |
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| ISSN: | 0968-8080, 1460-9576, 1460-9576 |
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| Abstract | The current refugee “crisis” in Europe has created multiple forms of vulnerability and insecurity for refugee women including various forms of sexual and gender-based violence. Increasing numbers of women, either alone or with family, are attempting to reach Europe to seek protection from conflict and violence in their countries, but these women are subject to violence during their journey and/or on arrival in a destination country. The lack of adequate accommodation or reception facilities for refugees and migrants in Europe, as well as the closure of borders which has increased the need for smugglers to help them reach Europe, acts to exacerbate the violence and insecurity.
La « crise » actuelle des réfugiés en Europe a créé de multiples formes de vulnérabilité et d’insécurité pour les réfugiées, notamment plusieurs formes de violence sexuelle et sexiste. Les femmes, seules ou avec leur famille, sont de plus en plus nombreuses à tenter de parvenir en Europe pour y chercher protection, mais elles sont soumises à la violence pendant le voyage et/ou à l’arrivée dans un pays de destination. Le manque de logements adéquats ou d’installations d’accueil pour les réfugiés et les migrants en Europe, ainsi que la fermeture des frontières qui a augmenté la nécessité d’avoir recours à des passeurs pour atteindre l’Europe, exacerbent la violence et l’insécurité.
La “crisis” actual de refugiados en Europa ha creado múltiples formas de vulnerabilidad e inseguridad para mujeres refugiadas, incluidas diversas formas de violencia sexual y de género. Crecientes números de mujeres, solas o con familia, están intentando llegar a Europa para buscar protección pero estas mujeres son sujetas a violencia durante su viaje y/o al llegar al país de destino. La violencia e inseguridad son exacerbadas por la falta de instalaciones adecuadas para alojar o recibir a refugiados y migrantes en Europa, así como el cierre de fronteras que ha incrementado la necesidad de las refugiadas de recurrir a contrabandistas para que las ayuden a llegar a Europa. |
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| AbstractList | The current refugee "crisis" in Europe has created multiple forms of vulnerability and insecurity for refugee women including various forms of sexual and gender-based violence. Increasing numbers of women, either alone or with family, are attempting to reach Europe to seek protection from conflict and violence in their countries, but these women are subject to violence during their journey and/or on arrival in a destination country. The lack of adequate accommodation or reception facilities for refugees and migrants in Europe, as well as the closure of borders which has increased the need for smugglers to help them reach Europe, acts to exacerbate the violence and insecurity.The current refugee "crisis" in Europe has created multiple forms of vulnerability and insecurity for refugee women including various forms of sexual and gender-based violence. Increasing numbers of women, either alone or with family, are attempting to reach Europe to seek protection from conflict and violence in their countries, but these women are subject to violence during their journey and/or on arrival in a destination country. The lack of adequate accommodation or reception facilities for refugees and migrants in Europe, as well as the closure of borders which has increased the need for smugglers to help them reach Europe, acts to exacerbate the violence and insecurity. The current refugee "crisis" in Europe has created multiple forms of vulnerability and insecurity for refugee women including various forms of sexual and gender-based violence. Increasing numbers of women, either alone or with family, are attempting to reach Europe to seek protection from conflict and violence in their countries, but these women are subject to violence during their journey and/or on arrival in a destination country. The lack of adequate accommodation or reception facilities for refugees and migrants in Europe, as well as the closure of borders which has increased the need for smugglers to help them reach Europe, acts to exacerbate the violence and insecurity. La « crise » actuelle des réfugiés en Europe a créé de multiples formes de vulnérabilité et d'insécurité pour les réfugiées, notamment plusieurs formes de violence sexuelle et sexiste. Les femmes, seules ou avec leur famille, sont de plus en plus nombreuses à tenter de parvenir en Europe pour y chercher protection, mais elles sont soumises à la violence pendant le voyage et/ou à l'arrivée dans un pays de destination. Le manque de logements adéquats ou d'installations d'accueil pour les réfugiés et les migrants en Europe, ainsi que la fermeture des frontières qui a augmenté la nécessité d'avoir recours à des passeurs pour atteindre l'Europe, exacerbent la violence et l'insécurité. La "crisis" actual de refugiados en Europa ha creado múltiples formas de vulnerabilidad e inseguridad para mujeres refugiadas, incluidas diversas formas de violencia sexual y de género. Crecientes números de mujeres, solas o con familia, están intentando llegar a Europa para buscar protección pero estas mujeres son sujetas a violencia durante su viaje y/o al llegar al país de destino. La violencia e inseguridad son exacerbadas por la falta de instalaciones adecuadas para alojar o recibir a refugiados y migrantes en Europa, así como el cierre de fronteras que ha incrementado la necesidad de las refugiadas de recurrir a contrabandistas para que las ayuden a llegar a Europa. The current refugee “crisis” in Europe has created multiple forms of vulnerability and insecurity for refugee women including various forms of sexual and gender-based violence. Increasing numbers of women, either alone or with family, are attempting to reach Europe to seek protection from conflict and violence in their countries, but these women are subject to violence during their journey and/or on arrival in a destination country. The lack of adequate accommodation or reception facilities for refugees and migrants in Europe, as well as the closure of borders which has increased the need for smugglers to help them reach Europe, acts to exacerbate the violence and insecurity.La « crise » actuelle des réfugiés en Europe a créé de multiples formes de vulnérabilité et d’insécurité pour les réfugiées, notamment plusieurs formes de violence sexuelle et sexiste. Les femmes, seules ou avec leur famille, sont de plus en plus nombreuses à tenter de parvenir en Europe pour y chercher protection, mais elles sont soumises à la violence pendant le voyage et/ou à l’arrivée dans un pays de destination. Le manque de logements adéquats ou d’installations d’accueil pour les réfugiés et les migrants en Europe, ainsi que la fermeture des frontières qui a augmenté la nécessité d’avoir recours à des passeurs pour atteindre l’Europe, exacerbent la violence et l’insécurité. Abstract The current refugee “crisis” in Europe has created multiple forms of vulnerability and insecurity for refugee women including various forms of sexual and gender-based violence. Increasing numbers of women, either alone or with family, are attempting to reach Europe to seek protection from conflict and violence in their countries, but these women are subject to violence during their journey and/or on arrival in a destination country. The lack of adequate accommodation or reception facilities for refugees and migrants in Europe, as well as the closure of borders which has increased the need for smugglers to help them reach Europe, acts to exacerbate the violence and insecurity. The current refugee "crisis" in Europe has created multiple forms of vulnerability and insecurity for refugee women including various forms of sexual and gender-based violence. Increasing numbers of women, either alone or with family, are attempting to reach Europe to seek protection from conflict and violence in their countries, but these women are subject to violence during their journey and/or on arrival in a destination country. The lack of adequate accommodation or reception facilities for refugees and migrants in Europe, as well as the closure of borders which has increased the need for smugglers to help them reach Europe, acts to exacerbate the violence and insecurity. |
| Author | Freedman, Jane |
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| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27578335$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed https://shs.hal.science/halshs-01441147$$DView record in HAL |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1057/9781137456236 10.1016/j.rhm.2015.11.002 10.1080/17449620600948002 10.1080/13691058.2012.671961 10.1080/14616742.2011.631281 10.1007/s12142-008-0059-1 10.1080/01436590802386575 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08221-1 |
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| Keywords | sexual and gender-based violence refugees Europe asylum Migration and politics Réfugiés Genre et 'gender |
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| References | Freedman (bb0190) 2015 UNHCR (bb0170) 2003 Giuffre, Costello (bb0035) 27 April 2015 UNHCR (bb0165) 2002 Sengupta (bb0130) 6 May 2015 Breen (bb0120) 2015; 51 Freedman (bb0050) 2015 Cited in Human Rights Watch (bb0085) 2015 Freedman (bb0180) 2008; 9 Amnesty International, Europe’s Borderlands (bb0125) 2015 GENSEN (bb0185) 2012 Burnett, Fassir (bb0145) 2012 Marchand (bb0070) 2008; 29 UNHCR (bb0010) The very fast changing nature of this “crisis” means that all the figures were accurate as of the date of writing in March 2016. More updated statistics can be found on the UNHCR website, 2016. Human Rights Watch (bb0025) November 2015 Frontex, ibid, 2013. Moore (bb0135) 29 October 2015 International Rescue Committee (bb0080) 2014 Keygnaert, Vettenburg, Temmerman (bb0155) 2012; 14 Frontex (bb0110) 2013 FIDH (bb0075) 2012 Janssens, Bosmans, Leye, Temmerman (bb0150) 2006; 2 Freedman, Jamal (bb0045) 2009 Singer (bb0100) 2014 European Commission (bb0040) 16 March 2016 Nobel Women’s Initiative (bb0060) 2016 Freedman (bb0065) 2012; 14 Directive 2013/32/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 on common procedures for granting and withdrawing international protection, 2013. bb0005 Keygnaert, Guieu (bb0105) 2015; 11 Amnesty International (bb0055) 2016 Watts, Zimmerman (bb0140) 2002; 359 UNHCR op cit, 2016. Directive 2013/33/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 laying down standards for the reception of applicants for international protection, 2013 CIT0030 CIT0032 CIT0031 CIT0012 CIT0034 Breen D. (CIT0023) 2015; 51 Keygnaert I. (CIT0020) 2015; 11 Watts C. (CIT0027) 2002; 359 CIT0014 Freedman J. (CIT0033) 2008; 9 CIT0013 CIT0035 CIT0005 CIT0016 CIT0015 CIT0029 CIT0028 CIT0009 CIT0008 CIT0019 |
| References_xml | – year: 2012 ident: bb0185 article-title: Gender-related asylum claims in Europe – reference: Directive 2013/33/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 laying down standards for the reception of applicants for international protection, 2013 – year: 29 October 2015 ident: bb0135 article-title: When you’re a refugee and your husband beats you, you’re basically on your own’, Buzzfeed – volume: 11 start-page: 45 year: 2015 end-page: 55 ident: bb0105 article-title: What the eye does not see: a critical interpretive synthesis of European Union policies addressing sexual violence in vulnerable migrants publication-title: Reproductive Health Matters – reference: The very fast changing nature of this “crisis” means that all the figures were accurate as of the date of writing in March 2016. More updated statistics can be found on the UNHCR website, 2016. – reference: UNHCR op cit, 2016. – year: November 2015 ident: bb0025 article-title: Europe’s Refugee Crisis – year: 2016 ident: bb0055 article-title: Female refugees face physical assault, exploitation and sexual harassment on their journey through Europe – year: 6 May 2015 ident: bb0130 article-title: UN wants to let Europe use military force to stop migrant smuggling boats publication-title: New York Times – year: 2015 ident: bb0190 article-title: Gendering the International Asylum and Refugee Debate – volume: 359 start-page: 1232 year: 2002 end-page: 1237 ident: bb0140 article-title: Violence against women: global scope and magnitude publication-title: The Lancet – year: 2012 ident: bb0145 article-title: Meeting the health needs of refugee and asylum seekers in the UK: an information and resource pack for health workers – year: 2016 ident: bb0060 article-title: Women Refugees at Risk in Europe – reference: Frontex, ibid, 2013. – volume: 14 start-page: 36 year: 2012 end-page: 55 ident: bb0065 article-title: Analysing the Gendered Insecurities of Migration: A Case Study of Female Sub-Saharan African Migrants in Morocco publication-title: International Feminist Journal of Politics – ident: bb0010 – year: 2009 ident: bb0045 article-title: Violence against migrant women in the Euro-Med Region – year: 2012 ident: bb0075 article-title: Violence against women in Syria: Breaking the Silence – year: 2002 ident: bb0165 article-title: Guidelines on International Protection: Gender-Related Persecution within the context of Article 1(A)2 of the 1951 Convention and/or its 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees – volume: 29 start-page: 1375 year: 2008 end-page: 1388 ident: bb0070 article-title: The Violence of Development and the Migration/Insecurities Nexus: Labour Migration in a North American Context publication-title: Third World Quarterly – year: 2003 ident: bb0170 article-title: Sexual and Gender-Based Violence against refugees, returnees and internally displaced people – year: 2014 ident: bb0080 article-title: Are we listening? Acting on Our Commitments to Women and Girls Affected by the Syrian Conflict – start-page: 98 year: 2014 end-page: 115 ident: bb0100 article-title: Falling at each hurdle: assessing the credibility of women’s asylum claims in Europe publication-title: Gender in Refugee Law: From the margins to the centre – year: 2013 ident: bb0110 article-title: Fundamental Rights Training for Border Guards – year: 2015 ident: bb0125 article-title: Violations against Refugees and Migrants in Macedonia, Serbia and Hungary – start-page: 17 year: 2015 ident: bb0085 article-title: “As though we are not human beings”: Police brutality against migrants and asylum seekers in Macedonia” – year: 16 March 2016 ident: bb0040 article-title: Relocation and Resettlement ; EU member states urgently need to deliver – year: 27 April 2015 ident: bb0035 article-title: “Tragedy” and Responsibility in the Mediterranean, Open Democracy – year: 2015 ident: bb0050 article-title: Gendering the International Asylum and Refugee Debate – volume: 51 start-page: 21 year: 2015 end-page: 23 ident: bb0120 article-title: Abuses at Europe’s Borders publication-title: Forced Migration Review – ident: bb0005 article-title: 20 per cent of those arriving in the first two months of 2016 were women according to the latest UNHCR data – volume: 2 start-page: 183 year: 2006 end-page: 196 ident: bb0150 article-title: Sexual and Reproductive Health of Asylum-seeking and Refugee Women in Europe: Entitlements and Access to Health Services publication-title: Journal of Global Ethics – volume: 14 start-page: 505 year: 2012 end-page: 520 ident: bb0155 article-title: Hidden violence is silent rape: sexual and gender-based violence in refugees, asylum seekers and undocumented migrants in Belgium and the Netherlands publication-title: Culture, Health & Sexuality – volume: 9 start-page: 413 year: 2008 end-page: 433 ident: bb0180 article-title: Women’s Right to Asylum: Protecting the Rights of Female Asylum Seekers in Europe? publication-title: Human Rights Review – reference: Directive 2013/32/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 on common procedures for granting and withdrawing international protection, 2013. – ident: CIT0015 – ident: CIT0016 – volume: 51 start-page: 21 year: 2015 ident: CIT0023 publication-title: Forced Migration Review – ident: CIT0009 doi: 10.1057/9781137456236 – volume: 11 start-page: 45 issue: 2 year: 2015 ident: CIT0020 publication-title: Reproductive Health Matters doi: 10.1016/j.rhm.2015.11.002 – ident: CIT0014 – ident: CIT0029 doi: 10.1080/17449620600948002 – ident: CIT0008 – ident: CIT0030 doi: 10.1080/13691058.2012.671961 – ident: CIT0035 doi: 10.1057/9781137456236 – ident: CIT0028 – ident: CIT0012 doi: 10.1080/14616742.2011.631281 – ident: CIT0031 – ident: CIT0032 – ident: CIT0005 – volume: 9 start-page: 413 issue: 4 year: 2008 ident: CIT0033 publication-title: Human Rights Review doi: 10.1007/s12142-008-0059-1 – ident: CIT0034 – ident: CIT0019 – ident: CIT0013 doi: 10.1080/01436590802386575 – volume: 359 start-page: 1232 issue: 9313 year: 2002 ident: CIT0027 publication-title: The Lancet doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08221-1 |
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| Snippet | Abstract The current refugee “crisis” in Europe has created multiple forms of vulnerability and insecurity for refugee women including various forms of sexual... The current refugee “crisis” in Europe has created multiple forms of vulnerability and insecurity for refugee women including various forms of sexual and... The current refugee "crisis" in Europe has created multiple forms of vulnerability and insecurity for refugee women including various forms of sexual and... |
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| SubjectTerms | asylum Border patrol agents Domestic violence Europe Female Gender studies Human trafficking Humanities and Social Sciences Humans Internal Medicine International borders ISSUES IN CURRENT POLICY Men Obstetrics and Gynecology Politics Refugees Reproductive health Sex Offenses - statistics & numerical data sexual and gender-based violence Sexual violence Violence - statistics & numerical data Violence against women Warfare Women's Health Women's Rights Womens rights |
| Title | Sexual and gender-based violence against refugee women: a hidden aspect of the refugee "crisis" |
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