Specificity profiling of seven human tissue kallikreins reveals individual subsite preferences
Human tissue kallikreins (hKs) form a family of 15 closely related (chymo)trypsin-like serine proteinases. These tissue kallikreins are expressed in a wide range of tissues including the central nervous system, the salivary gland, and endocrine-regulated tissues, such as prostate, breast, or testis,...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The Journal of biological chemistry Jg. 281; H. 35; S. 25678 |
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| Abstract | Human tissue kallikreins (hKs) form a family of 15 closely related (chymo)trypsin-like serine proteinases. These tissue kallikreins are expressed in a wide range of tissues including the central nervous system, the salivary gland, and endocrine-regulated tissues, such as prostate, breast, or testis, and may have diverse physiological functions. For several tissue kallikreins, a clear correlation has been established between expression and different types of cancer. For example, the prostate-specific antigen (PSA or hK3) serves as tumor marker and is used to monitor therapy response. Using a novel strategy, we have cloned, expressed in Escherichia coli or in insect cells, refolded, activated, and purified the seven human tissue kallikreins hK3/PSA, hK4, hK5, hK6, hK7, hK10, and hK11. Moreover, we have determined their extended substrate specificity for the nonprime side using a positional scanning combinatorial library of tetrapeptide substrates. hK3/PSA and hK7 exhibited a chymotrypsin-like specificity preferring large hydrophobic or polar residues at the P1 position. In contrast, hK4, hK5, and less stringent hK6 displayed a trypsin-like specificity with strong preference for P1-Arg, whereas hK10 and hK11 showed an ambivalent specificity, accepting both basic and large aliphatic P1 residues. The extended substrate specificity profiles are in good agreement with known substrate cleavage sites but also in accord with experimentally solved (hK4, hK6, and hK7) or modeled structures. The specificity profiles may lead to a better understanding of human tissue kallikrein functions and assist in identifying their physiological protein substrates as well as in designing more selective inhibitors. |
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| AbstractList | Human tissue kallikreins (hKs) form a family of 15 closely related (chymo)trypsin-like serine proteinases. These tissue kallikreins are expressed in a wide range of tissues including the central nervous system, the salivary gland, and endocrine-regulated tissues, such as prostate, breast, or testis, and may have diverse physiological functions. For several tissue kallikreins, a clear correlation has been established between expression and different types of cancer. For example, the prostate-specific antigen (PSA or hK3) serves as tumor marker and is used to monitor therapy response. Using a novel strategy, we have cloned, expressed in Escherichia coli or in insect cells, refolded, activated, and purified the seven human tissue kallikreins hK3/PSA, hK4, hK5, hK6, hK7, hK10, and hK11. Moreover, we have determined their extended substrate specificity for the nonprime side using a positional scanning combinatorial library of tetrapeptide substrates. hK3/PSA and hK7 exhibited a chymotrypsin-like specificity preferring large hydrophobic or polar residues at the P1 position. In contrast, hK4, hK5, and less stringent hK6 displayed a trypsin-like specificity with strong preference for P1-Arg, whereas hK10 and hK11 showed an ambivalent specificity, accepting both basic and large aliphatic P1 residues. The extended substrate specificity profiles are in good agreement with known substrate cleavage sites but also in accord with experimentally solved (hK4, hK6, and hK7) or modeled structures. The specificity profiles may lead to a better understanding of human tissue kallikrein functions and assist in identifying their physiological protein substrates as well as in designing more selective inhibitors.Human tissue kallikreins (hKs) form a family of 15 closely related (chymo)trypsin-like serine proteinases. These tissue kallikreins are expressed in a wide range of tissues including the central nervous system, the salivary gland, and endocrine-regulated tissues, such as prostate, breast, or testis, and may have diverse physiological functions. For several tissue kallikreins, a clear correlation has been established between expression and different types of cancer. For example, the prostate-specific antigen (PSA or hK3) serves as tumor marker and is used to monitor therapy response. Using a novel strategy, we have cloned, expressed in Escherichia coli or in insect cells, refolded, activated, and purified the seven human tissue kallikreins hK3/PSA, hK4, hK5, hK6, hK7, hK10, and hK11. Moreover, we have determined their extended substrate specificity for the nonprime side using a positional scanning combinatorial library of tetrapeptide substrates. hK3/PSA and hK7 exhibited a chymotrypsin-like specificity preferring large hydrophobic or polar residues at the P1 position. In contrast, hK4, hK5, and less stringent hK6 displayed a trypsin-like specificity with strong preference for P1-Arg, whereas hK10 and hK11 showed an ambivalent specificity, accepting both basic and large aliphatic P1 residues. The extended substrate specificity profiles are in good agreement with known substrate cleavage sites but also in accord with experimentally solved (hK4, hK6, and hK7) or modeled structures. The specificity profiles may lead to a better understanding of human tissue kallikrein functions and assist in identifying their physiological protein substrates as well as in designing more selective inhibitors. Human tissue kallikreins (hKs) form a family of 15 closely related (chymo)trypsin-like serine proteinases. These tissue kallikreins are expressed in a wide range of tissues including the central nervous system, the salivary gland, and endocrine-regulated tissues, such as prostate, breast, or testis, and may have diverse physiological functions. For several tissue kallikreins, a clear correlation has been established between expression and different types of cancer. For example, the prostate-specific antigen (PSA or hK3) serves as tumor marker and is used to monitor therapy response. Using a novel strategy, we have cloned, expressed in Escherichia coli or in insect cells, refolded, activated, and purified the seven human tissue kallikreins hK3/PSA, hK4, hK5, hK6, hK7, hK10, and hK11. Moreover, we have determined their extended substrate specificity for the nonprime side using a positional scanning combinatorial library of tetrapeptide substrates. hK3/PSA and hK7 exhibited a chymotrypsin-like specificity preferring large hydrophobic or polar residues at the P1 position. In contrast, hK4, hK5, and less stringent hK6 displayed a trypsin-like specificity with strong preference for P1-Arg, whereas hK10 and hK11 showed an ambivalent specificity, accepting both basic and large aliphatic P1 residues. The extended substrate specificity profiles are in good agreement with known substrate cleavage sites but also in accord with experimentally solved (hK4, hK6, and hK7) or modeled structures. The specificity profiles may lead to a better understanding of human tissue kallikrein functions and assist in identifying their physiological protein substrates as well as in designing more selective inhibitors. |
| Author | Lottspeich, Friedrich Choe, Youngchool Valachova, Martina Bode, Wolfram Magdolen, Viktor Schechter, Norman Goettig, Peter Debela, Mekdes Craik, Charles S |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Mekdes surname: Debela fullname: Debela, Mekdes organization: Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Proteinase Research Group, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany – sequence: 2 givenname: Viktor surname: Magdolen fullname: Magdolen, Viktor – sequence: 3 givenname: Norman surname: Schechter fullname: Schechter, Norman – sequence: 4 givenname: Martina surname: Valachova fullname: Valachova, Martina – sequence: 5 givenname: Friedrich surname: Lottspeich fullname: Lottspeich, Friedrich – sequence: 6 givenname: Charles S surname: Craik fullname: Craik, Charles S – sequence: 7 givenname: Youngchool surname: Choe fullname: Choe, Youngchool – sequence: 8 givenname: Wolfram surname: Bode fullname: Bode, Wolfram – sequence: 9 givenname: Peter surname: Goettig fullname: Goettig, Peter |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16740631$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Snippet | Human tissue kallikreins (hKs) form a family of 15 closely related (chymo)trypsin-like serine proteinases. These tissue kallikreins are expressed in a wide... |
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| SubjectTerms | Amino Acid Sequence Animals Cloning, Molecular Escherichia coli - metabolism Humans Insecta Molecular Sequence Data Protein Binding Protein Conformation Protein Structure, Tertiary Substrate Specificity Tissue Kallikreins - chemistry Trypsin - chemistry |
| Title | Specificity profiling of seven human tissue kallikreins reveals individual subsite preferences |
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