Health effects of voluntary exposure to cold water - a continuing subject of debate

This review is based on a multiple database survey on published literature to determine the effects on health following voluntary exposure to cold-water immersion (CWI) in humans. After a filtering process 104 studies were regarded relevant. Many studies demonstrated significant effects of CWI on va...

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Vydané v:International journal of circumpolar health Ročník 81; číslo 1; s. 2111789
Hlavní autori: Espeland, Didrik, de Weerd, Louis, Mercer, James B.
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: United States Taylor & Francis 01.12.2022
Taylor & Francis Ltd
Taylor & Francis Group
Predmet:
Body fat
Body temperature
brown adipose tissue
Cardiovascular disease
Cold
Cold Temperature
Cold-water immersion
Exercise - physiology
Health sciences
Humans
Ice
ice bathing
Immune system
Insulin resistance
Metabolism
Oxidative stress
Physiology
Quality of life
Review (Scoping and Systematic)
Seawater
Swimming
Water
Water temperature
winter swimming
cardiovascular disease
winter swimming
brown adipose tissue
insulin resistance
Cold-water immersion
ice bathing
ISSN:2242-3982, 1239-9736, 2242-3982
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Abstract This review is based on a multiple database survey on published literature to determine the effects on health following voluntary exposure to cold-water immersion (CWI) in humans. After a filtering process 104 studies were regarded relevant. Many studies demonstrated significant effects of CWI on various physiological and biochemical parameters. Although some studies were based on established winter swimmers, many were performed on subjects with no previous winter swimming experience or in subjects not involving cold-water swimming, for example, CWI as a post-exercise treatment. Clear conclusions from most studies were hampered by the fact that they were carried out in small groups, often of one gender and with differences in exposure temperature and salt composition of the water. CWI seems to reduce and/or transform body adipose tissue, as well as reduce insulin resistance and improve insulin sensitivity. This may have a protective effect against cardiovascular, obesity and other metabolic diseases and could have prophylactic health effects. Whether winter swimmers as a group are naturally healthier is unclear. Some of the studies indicate that voluntary exposure to cold water has some beneficial health effects. However, without further conclusive studies, the topic will continue to be a subject of debate.
AbstractList This review is based on a multiple database survey on published literature to determine the effects on health following voluntary exposure to cold-water immersion (CWI) in humans. After a filtering process 104 studies were regarded relevant. Many studies demonstrated significant effects of CWI on various physiological and biochemical parameters. Although some studies were based on established winter swimmers, many were performed on subjects with no previous winter swimming experience or in subjects not involving cold-water swimming, for example, CWI as a post-exercise treatment. Clear conclusions from most studies were hampered by the fact that they were carried out in small groups, often of one gender and with differences in exposure temperature and salt composition of the water. CWI seems to reduce and/or transform body adipose tissue, as well as reduce insulin resistance and improve insulin sensitivity. This may have a protective effect against cardiovascular, obesity and other metabolic diseases and could have prophylactic health effects. Whether winter swimmers as a group are naturally healthier is unclear. Some of the studies indicate that voluntary exposure to cold water has some beneficial health effects. However, without further conclusive studies, the topic will continue to be a subject of debate.
This review is based on a multiple database survey on published literature to determine the effects on health following voluntary exposure to cold-water immersion (CWI) in humans. After a filtering process 104 studies were regarded relevant. Many studies demonstrated significant effects of CWI on various physiological and biochemical parameters. Although some studies were based on established winter swimmers, many were performed on subjects with no previous winter swimming experience or in subjects not involving cold-water swimming, for example, CWI as a post-exercise treatment. Clear conclusions from most studies were hampered by the fact that they were carried out in small groups, often of one gender and with differences in exposure temperature and salt composition of the water. CWI seems to reduce and/or transform body adipose tissue, as well as reduce insulin resistance and improve insulin sensitivity. This may have a protective effect against cardiovascular, obesity and other metabolic diseases and could have prophylactic health effects. Whether winter swimmers as a group are naturally healthier is unclear. Some of the studies indicate that voluntary exposure to cold water has some beneficial health effects. However, without further conclusive studies, the topic will continue to be a subject of debate.This review is based on a multiple database survey on published literature to determine the effects on health following voluntary exposure to cold-water immersion (CWI) in humans. After a filtering process 104 studies were regarded relevant. Many studies demonstrated significant effects of CWI on various physiological and biochemical parameters. Although some studies were based on established winter swimmers, many were performed on subjects with no previous winter swimming experience or in subjects not involving cold-water swimming, for example, CWI as a post-exercise treatment. Clear conclusions from most studies were hampered by the fact that they were carried out in small groups, often of one gender and with differences in exposure temperature and salt composition of the water. CWI seems to reduce and/or transform body adipose tissue, as well as reduce insulin resistance and improve insulin sensitivity. This may have a protective effect against cardiovascular, obesity and other metabolic diseases and could have prophylactic health effects. Whether winter swimmers as a group are naturally healthier is unclear. Some of the studies indicate that voluntary exposure to cold water has some beneficial health effects. However, without further conclusive studies, the topic will continue to be a subject of debate.
Author Mercer, James B.
Espeland, Didrik
de Weerd, Louis
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36137565$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution – Non-Commercial License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. 2022 The Author(s)
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Issue 1
Keywords cardiovascular disease
winter swimming
brown adipose tissue
insulin resistance
Cold-water immersion
ice bathing
Language English
License open-access: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/: This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Snippet This review is based on a multiple database survey on published literature to determine the effects on health following voluntary exposure to cold-water...
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StartPage 2111789
SubjectTerms Body fat
Body temperature
brown adipose tissue
Cardiovascular disease
Cold
Cold Temperature
Cold-water immersion
Exercise - physiology
Health sciences
Humans
Ice
ice bathing
Immune system
Insulin resistance
Metabolism
Oxidative stress
Physiology
Quality of life
Review (Scoping and Systematic)
Seawater
Swimming
Water
Water temperature
winter swimming
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Title Health effects of voluntary exposure to cold water - a continuing subject of debate
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