A conceptual framework for understanding phase separation and addressing open questions and challenges

Macromolecular phase separation is being recognized for its potential importance and relevance as a driver of spatial organization within cells. Here, we describe a framework based on synergies between networking (percolation or gelation) and density (phase separation) transitions. Accordingly, the...

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Veröffentlicht in:Molecular cell Jg. 82; H. 12; S. 2201
Hauptverfasser: Mittag, Tanja, Pappu, Rohit V
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: United States 16.06.2022
Schlagworte:
cluster
membraneless organelle
phase separation
saturation concentration
cell biology
percolation
network fluid
viscoelasticity
biomolecular condensate
associative polymers
biophysics
ISSN:1097-4164, 1097-4164
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Zusammenfassung:Macromolecular phase separation is being recognized for its potential importance and relevance as a driver of spatial organization within cells. Here, we describe a framework based on synergies between networking (percolation or gelation) and density (phase separation) transitions. Accordingly, the phase transitions in question are referred to as phase separation coupled to percolation (PSCP). The condensates that result from PSCP are viscoelastic network fluids. Such systems have sequence-, composition-, and topology-specific internal network structures that give rise to time-dependent interplays between viscous and elastic properties. Unlike pure phase separation, the process of PSCP gives rise to sequence-, chemistry-, and structure-specific distributions of clusters that can form at concentrations that lie well below the threshold concentration for phase separation. PSCP, influenced by specific versus solubility-determining interactions, also provides a bridge between different observations and helps answer questions and address challenges that have arisen regarding the role of macromolecular phase separation in biology.
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ISSN:1097-4164
1097-4164
DOI:10.1016/j.molcel.2022.05.018