Materials used to simulate physical properties of human skin

Background For many applications in research, material development and testing, physical skin models are preferable to the use of human skin, because more reliable and reproducible results can be obtained. Purpose This article gives an overview of materials applied to model physical properties of hu...

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Vydáno v:	Skin research and technology Ročník 22; číslo 1; s. 3 - 14
Hlavní autoři:	Dąbrowska, A. K., Rotaru, G.-M., Derler, S., Spano, F., Camenzind, M., Annaheim, S., Stämpfli, R., Schmid, M., Rossi, R. M.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	England Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.02.2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc
Témata:	Animals Bandages Biomimetic Materials - chemistry human skin Measurement techniques Physical properties physical skin models properties of skin simulation of skin Skin - cytology Skin Physiological Phenomena Skin, Artificial Tissue Engineering - methods Wound Healing - physiology properties of skin physical skin models human skin simulation of skin
ISSN:	0909-752X, 1600-0846, 1600-0846
On-line přístup:	Získat plný text
Tagy:	Přidat tag Žádné tagy, Buďte první, kdo vytvoří štítek k tomuto záznamu!

Abstract	Background For many applications in research, material development and testing, physical skin models are preferable to the use of human skin, because more reliable and reproducible results can be obtained. Purpose This article gives an overview of materials applied to model physical properties of human skin to encourage multidisciplinary approaches for more realistic testing and improved understanding of skin–material interactions. Methods The literature databases Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar were searched using the terms ‘skin model’, ‘skin phantom’, ‘skin equivalent’, ‘synthetic skin’, ‘skin substitute’, ‘artificial skin’, ‘skin replica’, and ‘skin model substrate.’ Articles addressing material developments or measurements that include the replication of skin properties or behaviour were analysed. Results It was found that the most common materials used to simulate skin are liquid suspensions, gelatinous substances, elastomers, epoxy resins, metals and textiles. Nano‐ and micro‐fillers can be incorporated in the skin models to tune their physical properties. Conclusion While numerous physical skin models have been reported, most developments are research field‐specific and based on trial‐and‐error methods. As the complexity of advanced measurement techniques increases, new interdisciplinary approaches are needed in future to achieve refined models which realistically simulate multiple properties of human skin.
AbstractList	Background For many applications in research, material development and testing, physical skin models are preferable to the use of human skin, because more reliable and reproducible results can be obtained. Purpose This article gives an overview of materials applied to model physical properties of human skin to encourage multidisciplinary approaches for more realistic testing and improved understanding of skin–material interactions. Methods The literature databases Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar were searched using the terms ‘skin model’, ‘skin phantom’, ‘skin equivalent’, ‘synthetic skin’, ‘skin substitute’, ‘artificial skin’, ‘skin replica’, and ‘skin model substrate.’ Articles addressing material developments or measurements that include the replication of skin properties or behaviour were analysed. Results It was found that the most common materials used to simulate skin are liquid suspensions, gelatinous substances, elastomers, epoxy resins, metals and textiles. Nano‐ and micro‐fillers can be incorporated in the skin models to tune their physical properties. Conclusion While numerous physical skin models have been reported, most developments are research field‐specific and based on trial‐and‐error methods. As the complexity of advanced measurement techniques increases, new interdisciplinary approaches are needed in future to achieve refined models which realistically simulate multiple properties of human skin. Background For many applications in research, material development and testing, physical skin models are preferable to the use of human skin, because more reliable and reproducible results can be obtained. Purpose This article gives an overview of materials applied to model physical properties of human skin to encourage multidisciplinary approaches for more realistic testing and improved understanding of skin-material interactions. Methods The literature databases Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar were searched using the terms 'skin model', 'skin phantom', 'skin equivalent', 'synthetic skin', 'skin substitute', 'artificial skin', 'skin replica', and 'skin model substrate.' Articles addressing material developments or measurements that include the replication of skin properties or behaviour were analysed. Results It was found that the most common materials used to simulate skin are liquid suspensions, gelatinous substances, elastomers, epoxy resins, metals and textiles. Nano- and micro-fillers can be incorporated in the skin models to tune their physical properties. Conclusion While numerous physical skin models have been reported, most developments are research field-specific and based on trial-and-error methods. As the complexity of advanced measurement techniques increases, new interdisciplinary approaches are needed in future to achieve refined models which realistically simulate multiple properties of human skin. For many applications in research, material development and testing, physical skin models are preferable to the use of human skin, because more reliable and reproducible results can be obtained.BACKGROUNDFor many applications in research, material development and testing, physical skin models are preferable to the use of human skin, because more reliable and reproducible results can be obtained.This article gives an overview of materials applied to model physical properties of human skin to encourage multidisciplinary approaches for more realistic testing and improved understanding of skin-material interactions.PURPOSEThis article gives an overview of materials applied to model physical properties of human skin to encourage multidisciplinary approaches for more realistic testing and improved understanding of skin-material interactions.The literature databases Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar were searched using the terms 'skin model', 'skin phantom', 'skin equivalent', 'synthetic skin', 'skin substitute', 'artificial skin', 'skin replica', and 'skin model substrate.' Articles addressing material developments or measurements that include the replication of skin properties or behaviour were analysed.METHODSThe literature databases Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar were searched using the terms 'skin model', 'skin phantom', 'skin equivalent', 'synthetic skin', 'skin substitute', 'artificial skin', 'skin replica', and 'skin model substrate.' Articles addressing material developments or measurements that include the replication of skin properties or behaviour were analysed.It was found that the most common materials used to simulate skin are liquid suspensions, gelatinous substances, elastomers, epoxy resins, metals and textiles. Nano- and micro-fillers can be incorporated in the skin models to tune their physical properties.RESULTSIt was found that the most common materials used to simulate skin are liquid suspensions, gelatinous substances, elastomers, epoxy resins, metals and textiles. Nano- and micro-fillers can be incorporated in the skin models to tune their physical properties.While numerous physical skin models have been reported, most developments are research field-specific and based on trial-and-error methods. As the complexity of advanced measurement techniques increases, new interdisciplinary approaches are needed in future to achieve refined models which realistically simulate multiple properties of human skin.CONCLUSIONWhile numerous physical skin models have been reported, most developments are research field-specific and based on trial-and-error methods. As the complexity of advanced measurement techniques increases, new interdisciplinary approaches are needed in future to achieve refined models which realistically simulate multiple properties of human skin. For many applications in research, material development and testing, physical skin models are preferable to the use of human skin, because more reliable and reproducible results can be obtained. This article gives an overview of materials applied to model physical properties of human skin to encourage multidisciplinary approaches for more realistic testing and improved understanding of skin-material interactions. The literature databases Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar were searched using the terms 'skin model', 'skin phantom', 'skin equivalent', 'synthetic skin', 'skin substitute', 'artificial skin', 'skin replica', and 'skin model substrate.' Articles addressing material developments or measurements that include the replication of skin properties or behaviour were analysed. It was found that the most common materials used to simulate skin are liquid suspensions, gelatinous substances, elastomers, epoxy resins, metals and textiles. Nano- and micro-fillers can be incorporated in the skin models to tune their physical properties. While numerous physical skin models have been reported, most developments are research field-specific and based on trial-and-error methods. As the complexity of advanced measurement techniques increases, new interdisciplinary approaches are needed in future to achieve refined models which realistically simulate multiple properties of human skin.
Author	Stämpfli, R. Spano, F. Camenzind, M. Rotaru, G.-M. Rossi, R. M. Dąbrowska, A. K. Derler, S. Annaheim, S. Schmid, M.
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: A. K. surname: Dąbrowska fullname: Dąbrowska, A. K. organization: Laboratory for Protection and Physiology, EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland – sequence: 2 givenname: G.-M. surname: Rotaru fullname: Rotaru, G.-M. organization: Laboratory for Protection and Physiology, EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland – sequence: 3 givenname: S. surname: Derler fullname: Derler, S. email: siegfried.derler@empa.ch organization: Laboratory for Protection and Physiology, EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland – sequence: 4 givenname: F. surname: Spano fullname: Spano, F. organization: Laboratory for Protection and Physiology, EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland – sequence: 5 givenname: M. surname: Camenzind fullname: Camenzind, M. organization: Laboratory for Protection and Physiology, EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland – sequence: 6 givenname: S. surname: Annaheim fullname: Annaheim, S. organization: Laboratory for Protection and Physiology, EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland – sequence: 7 givenname: R. surname: Stämpfli fullname: Stämpfli, R. organization: Laboratory for Protection and Physiology, EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland – sequence: 8 givenname: M. surname: Schmid fullname: Schmid, M. organization: Laboratory for Protection and Physiology, EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland – sequence: 9 givenname: R. M. surname: Rossi fullname: Rossi, R. M. organization: Laboratory for Protection and Physiology, EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26096898$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Keywords	properties of skin physical skin models human skin simulation of skin
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PublicationTitle	Skin research and technology
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Publisher	Blackwell Publishing Ltd John Wiley & Sons, Inc
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Snippet	Background For many applications in research, material development and testing, physical skin models are preferable to the use of human skin, because more... For many applications in research, material development and testing, physical skin models are preferable to the use of human skin, because more reliable and... Background For many applications in research, material development and testing, physical skin models are preferable to the use of human skin, because more...
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SubjectTerms	Animals Bandages Biomimetic Materials - chemistry human skin Measurement techniques Physical properties physical skin models properties of skin simulation of skin Skin - cytology Skin Physiological Phenomena Skin, Artificial Tissue Engineering - methods Wound Healing - physiology
Title	Materials used to simulate physical properties of human skin
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