Global mortality associated with 33 bacterial pathogens in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Reducing the burden of death due to infection is an urgent global public health priority. Previous studies have estimated the number of deaths associated with drug-resistant infections and sepsis and found that infections remain a leading cause of death globally. Understanding the global burden of c...

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Published in:The Lancet (British edition) Vol. 400; no. 10369; pp. 2221 - 2248
Main Authors: Davis Weaver, Nicole, Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab, Acuna, Juan Manuel, Aghdam, Zahra Babaei, Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku, Ahmad, Aqeel, Ahmad, Rizwan, Ahmad, Sajjad, Ahmad, Sohail, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena, Anggraini, Dewi, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y, Artamonov, Anton A, Baig, Atif Amin, Barac, Aleksandra, Barrow, Amadou, Bedi, Neeraj, Bhandari, Bharti, Bhattarai, Suraj, Butt, Zahid A, Dastiridou, Anna, Dhingra, Sameer, Dodangeh, Milad, Dunachie, Susanna J, Elhadi, Muhammed, Emami, Amir, Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji, Gholizadeh, Abdolmajid, Gunawardane, Damitha Asanga, Gupta, Rajat Das, Habibzadeh, Parham, Hanif, Asif, Heidari, Golnaz, Herteliu, Claudiu, Hoogar, Praveen, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Ilic, Irena M, Immurana, Mustapha, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jebai, Rime, Joo, Tamas, Joukar, Farahnaz, Kalankesh, Laleh R, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kim, Min Seo, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koulmane Laxminarayana, Sindhura Lakshmi, Krishan, Kewal, Krishnamoorthy, Vijay, Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe, Lám, Judit, Loftus, Michael J, Lohiya, Ayush, Lorenzovici, László, Mahmoodpoor, Ata, Makki, Alaa, Mamo, Galana Ayana, McManigal, Barney, Mendoza-Cano, Oliver, Mir, Shabir Ahmad, Mirmoeeni, Seyyedmohammadsadeq, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Momtazmanesh, Sara, Mousavi Isfahani, Haleh, Mubarik, Sumaira, Mulita, Francesk, Mulu, Getaneh Baye B, Munro, Sandra B, Narang, Himanshi, Nayak, Biswa Prakash, Nowroozi, Ali, Nutor, Jerry John, Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet, Obaidur, Rahman Md, Okonji, Osaretin Christabel, Paredes, Jose L, Park, Eun-Cheol, Pathak, Ashish, Peres, Mario F P, Prashant, Akila, Rasul, Azad, Rezapour, Aziz, Saeed, Umar, Safaei, Mohsen, Safary, Azam, Salahi, Saina, Senthilkumaran, Subramanian, Shorofi, Seyed Afshin, Singh, Jasvinder A, Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Tat, Vivian Y, Tefera, Yibekal Manaye, Thiyagarajan, Arulmani, Umapathi, Krishna Kishore, Verras, Georgios-Ioannis, Yon, Dong Keon, Zare, Iman, Zumla, Alimuddin
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England Elsevier Ltd 17.12.2022
Elsevier Limited
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ISSN:0140-6736, 1474-547X, 1474-547X
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Abstract Reducing the burden of death due to infection is an urgent global public health priority. Previous studies have estimated the number of deaths associated with drug-resistant infections and sepsis and found that infections remain a leading cause of death globally. Understanding the global burden of common bacterial pathogens (both susceptible and resistant to antimicrobials) is essential to identify the greatest threats to public health. To our knowledge, this is the first study to present global comprehensive estimates of deaths associated with 33 bacterial pathogens across 11 major infectious syndromes. We estimated deaths associated with 33 bacterial genera or species across 11 infectious syndromes in 2019 using methods from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, in addition to a subset of the input data described in the Global Burden of Antimicrobial Resistance 2019 study. This study included 343 million individual records or isolates covering 11 361 study-location-years. We used three modelling steps to estimate the number of deaths associated with each pathogen: deaths in which infection had a role, the fraction of deaths due to infection that are attributable to a given infectious syndrome, and the fraction of deaths due to an infectious syndrome that are attributable to a given pathogen. Estimates were produced for all ages and for males and females across 204 countries and territories in 2019. 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were calculated for final estimates of deaths and infections associated with the 33 bacterial pathogens following standard GBD methods by taking the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles across 1000 posterior draws for each quantity of interest. From an estimated 13·7 million (95% UI 10·9–17·1) infection-related deaths in 2019, there were 7·7 million deaths (5·7–10·2) associated with the 33 bacterial pathogens (both resistant and susceptible to antimicrobials) across the 11 infectious syndromes estimated in this study. We estimated deaths associated with the 33 bacterial pathogens to comprise 13·6% (10·2–18·1) of all global deaths and 56·2% (52·1–60·1) of all sepsis-related deaths in 2019. Five leading pathogens—Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa—were responsible for 54·9% (52·9–56·9) of deaths among the investigated bacteria. The deadliest infectious syndromes and pathogens varied by location and age. The age-standardised mortality rate associated with these bacterial pathogens was highest in the sub-Saharan Africa super-region, with 230 deaths (185–285) per 100 000 population, and lowest in the high-income super-region, with 52·2 deaths (37·4–71·5) per 100 000 population. S aureus was the leading bacterial cause of death in 135 countries and was also associated with the most deaths in individuals older than 15 years, globally. Among children younger than 5 years, S pneumoniae was the pathogen associated with the most deaths. In 2019, more than 6 million deaths occurred as a result of three bacterial infectious syndromes, with lower respiratory infections and bloodstream infections each causing more than 2 million deaths and peritoneal and intra-abdominal infections causing more than 1 million deaths. The 33 bacterial pathogens that we investigated in this study are a substantial source of health loss globally, with considerable variation in their distribution across infectious syndromes and locations. Compared with GBD Level 3 underlying causes of death, deaths associated with these bacteria would rank as the second leading cause of death globally in 2019; hence, they should be considered an urgent priority for intervention within the global health community. Strategies to address the burden of bacterial infections include infection prevention, optimised use of antibiotics, improved capacity for microbiological analysis, vaccine development, and improved and more pervasive use of available vaccines. These estimates can be used to help set priorities for vaccine need, demand, and development. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Wellcome Trust, and Department of Health and Social Care, using UK aid funding managed by the Fleming Fund.
AbstractList Summary Background Reducing the burden of death due to infection is an urgent global public health priority. Previous studies have estimated the number of deaths associated with drug-resistant infections and sepsis and found that infections remain a leading cause of death globally. Understanding the global burden of common bacterial pathogens (both susceptible and resistant to antimicrobials) is essential to identify the greatest threats to public health. To our knowledge, this is the first study to present global comprehensive estimates of deaths associated with 33 bacterial pathogens across 11 major infectious syndromes. Methods We estimated deaths associated with 33 bacterial genera or species across 11 infectious syndromes in 2019 using methods from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, in addition to a subset of the input data described in the Global Burden of Antimicrobial Resistance 2019 study. This study included 343 million individual records or isolates covering 11 361 study-location-years. We used three modelling steps to estimate the number of deaths associated with each pathogen: deaths in which infection had a role, the fraction of deaths due to infection that are attributable to a given infectious syndrome, and the fraction of deaths due to an infectious syndrome that are attributable to a given pathogen. Estimates were produced for all ages and for males and females across 204 countries and territories in 2019. 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were calculated for final estimates of deaths and infections associated with the 33 bacterial pathogens following standard GBD methods by taking the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles across 1000 posterior draws for each quantity of interest. Findings From an estimated 13·7 million (95% UI 10·9–17·1) infection-related deaths in 2019, there were 7·7 million deaths (5·7–10·2) associated with the 33 bacterial pathogens (both resistant and susceptible to antimicrobials) across the 11 infectious syndromes estimated in this study. We estimated deaths associated with the 33 bacterial pathogens to comprise 13·6% (10·2–18·1) of all global deaths and 56·2% (52·1–60·1) of all sepsis-related deaths in 2019. Five leading pathogens—Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa—were responsible for 54·9% (52·9–56·9) of deaths among the investigated bacteria. The deadliest infectious syndromes and pathogens varied by location and age. The age-standardised mortality rate associated with these bacterial pathogens was highest in the sub-Saharan Africa super-region, with 230 deaths (185–285) per 100 000 population, and lowest in the high-income super-region, with 52·2 deaths (37·4–71·5) per 100 000 population. S aureus was the leading bacterial cause of death in 135 countries and was also associated with the most deaths in individuals older than 15 years, globally. Among children younger than 5 years, S pneumoniae was the pathogen associated with the most deaths. In 2019, more than 6 million deaths occurred as a result of three bacterial infectious syndromes, with lower respiratory infections and bloodstream infections each causing more than 2 million deaths and peritoneal and intra-abdominal infections causing more than 1 million deaths. Interpretation The 33 bacterial pathogens that we investigated in this study are a substantial source of health loss globally, with considerable variation in their distribution across infectious syndromes and locations. Compared with GBD Level 3 underlying causes of death, deaths associated with these bacteria would rank as the second leading cause of death globally in 2019; hence, they should be considered an urgent priority for intervention within the global health community. Strategies to address the burden of bacterial infections include infection prevention, optimised use of antibiotics, improved capacity for microbiological analysis, vaccine development, and improved and more pervasive use of available vaccines. These estimates can be used to help set priorities for vaccine need, demand, and development. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Wellcome Trust, and Department of Health and Social Care, using UK aid funding managed by the Fleming Fund.
Background Reducing the burden of death due to infection is an urgent global public health priority. Previous studies have estimated the number of deaths associated with drug-resistant infections and sepsis and found that infections remain a leading cause of death globally. Understanding the global burden of common bacterial pathogens (both susceptible and resistant to antimicrobials) is essential to identify the greatest threats to public health. To our knowledge, this is the first study to present global comprehensive estimates of deaths associated with 33 bacterial pathogens across 11 major infectious syndromes. Methods We estimated deaths associated with 33 bacterial genera or species across 11 infectious syndromes in 2019 using methods from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, in addition to a subset of the input data described in the Global Burden of Antimicrobial Resistance 2019 study. This study included 343 million individual records or isolates covering 11 361 study-location-years. We used three modelling steps to estimate the number of deaths associated with each pathogen: deaths in which infection had a role, the fraction of deaths due to infection that are attributable to a given infectious syndrome, and the fraction of deaths due to an infectious syndrome that are attributable to a given pathogen. Estimates were produced for all ages and for males and females across 204 countries and territories in 2019. 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were calculated for final estimates of deaths and infections associated with the 33 bacterial pathogens following standard GBD methods by taking the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles across 1000 posterior draws for each quantity of interest. Findings From an estimated 13.7 million (95% UI 10.9-17.1) infection-related deaths in 2019, there were 7.7 million deaths (5.7-10.2) associated with the 33 bacterial pathogens (both resistant and susceptible to antimicrobials) across the 11 infectious syndromes estimated in this study. We estimated deaths associated with the 33 bacterial pathogens to comprise 13.6% (10.2-18.1) of all global deaths and 56.2% (52.1-60.1) of all sepsis-related deaths in 2019. Five leading pathogens-Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa-were responsible for 54.9% (52.9-56.9) of deaths among the investigated bacteria. The deadliest infectious syndromes and pathogens varied by location and age. The age-standardised mortality rate associated with these bacterial pathogens was highest in the sub-Saharan Africa super-region, with 230 deaths (185-285) per 100 000 population, and lowest in the high-income super-region, with 52.2 deaths (37.4-71.5) per 100 000 population. S aureus was the leading bacterial cause of death in 135 countries and was also associated with the most deaths in individuals older than 15 years, globally. Among children younger than 5 years, S pneumoniae was the pathogen associated with the most deaths. In 2019, more than 6 million deaths occurred as a result of three bacterial infectious syndromes, with lower respiratory infections and bloodstream infections each causing more than 2 million deaths and peritoneal and intra-abdominal infections causing more than 1 million deaths. Interpretation The 33 bacterial pathogens that we investigated in this study are a substantial source of health loss globally, with considerable variation in their distribution across infectious syndromes and locations. Compared with GBD Level 3 underlying causes of death, deaths associated with these bacteria would rank as the second leading cause of death globally in 2019; hence, they should be considered an urgent priority for intervention within the global health community. Strategies to address the burden of bacterial infections include infection prevention, optimised use of antibiotics, improved capacity for microbiological analysis, vaccine development, and improved and more pervasive use of available vaccines. These estimates can be used to help set priorities for vaccine need, demand, and development. Copyright (c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
Reducing the burden of death due to infection is an urgent global public health priority. Previous studies have estimated the number of deaths associated with drug-resistant infections and sepsis and found that infections remain a leading cause of death globally. Understanding the global burden of common bacterial pathogens (both susceptible and resistant to antimicrobials) is essential to identify the greatest threats to public health. To our knowledge, this is the first study to present global comprehensive estimates of deaths associated with 33 bacterial pathogens across 11 major infectious syndromes. We estimated deaths associated with 33 bacterial genera or species across 11 infectious syndromes in 2019 using methods from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, in addition to a subset of the input data described in the Global Burden of Antimicrobial Resistance 2019 study. This study included 343 million individual records or isolates covering 11 361 study-location-years. We used three modelling steps to estimate the number of deaths associated with each pathogen: deaths in which infection had a role, the fraction of deaths due to infection that are attributable to a given infectious syndrome, and the fraction of deaths due to an infectious syndrome that are attributable to a given pathogen. Estimates were produced for all ages and for males and females across 204 countries and territories in 2019. 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were calculated for final estimates of deaths and infections associated with the 33 bacterial pathogens following standard GBD methods by taking the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles across 1000 posterior draws for each quantity of interest. From an estimated 13·7 million (95% UI 10·9–17·1) infection-related deaths in 2019, there were 7·7 million deaths (5·7–10·2) associated with the 33 bacterial pathogens (both resistant and susceptible to antimicrobials) across the 11 infectious syndromes estimated in this study. We estimated deaths associated with the 33 bacterial pathogens to comprise 13·6% (10·2–18·1) of all global deaths and 56·2% (52·1–60·1) of all sepsis-related deaths in 2019. Five leading pathogens—Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa—were responsible for 54·9% (52·9–56·9) of deaths among the investigated bacteria. The deadliest infectious syndromes and pathogens varied by location and age. The age-standardised mortality rate associated with these bacterial pathogens was highest in the sub-Saharan Africa super-region, with 230 deaths (185–285) per 100 000 population, and lowest in the high-income super-region, with 52·2 deaths (37·4–71·5) per 100 000 population. S aureus was the leading bacterial cause of death in 135 countries and was also associated with the most deaths in individuals older than 15 years, globally. Among children younger than 5 years, S pneumoniae was the pathogen associated with the most deaths. In 2019, more than 6 million deaths occurred as a result of three bacterial infectious syndromes, with lower respiratory infections and bloodstream infections each causing more than 2 million deaths and peritoneal and intra-abdominal infections causing more than 1 million deaths. The 33 bacterial pathogens that we investigated in this study are a substantial source of health loss globally, with considerable variation in their distribution across infectious syndromes and locations. Compared with GBD Level 3 underlying causes of death, deaths associated with these bacteria would rank as the second leading cause of death globally in 2019; hence, they should be considered an urgent priority for intervention within the global health community. Strategies to address the burden of bacterial infections include infection prevention, optimised use of antibiotics, improved capacity for microbiological analysis, vaccine development, and improved and more pervasive use of available vaccines. These estimates can be used to help set priorities for vaccine need, demand, and development. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Wellcome Trust, and Department of Health and Social Care, using UK aid funding managed by the Fleming Fund.
Reducing the burden of death due to infection is an urgent global public health priority. Previous studies have estimated the number of deaths associated with drug-resistant infections and sepsis and found that infections remain a leading cause of death globally. Understanding the global burden of common bacterial pathogens (both susceptible and resistant to antimicrobials) is essential to identify the greatest threats to public health. To our knowledge, this is the first study to present global comprehensive estimates of deaths associated with 33 bacterial pathogens across 11 major infectious syndromes.BACKGROUNDReducing the burden of death due to infection is an urgent global public health priority. Previous studies have estimated the number of deaths associated with drug-resistant infections and sepsis and found that infections remain a leading cause of death globally. Understanding the global burden of common bacterial pathogens (both susceptible and resistant to antimicrobials) is essential to identify the greatest threats to public health. To our knowledge, this is the first study to present global comprehensive estimates of deaths associated with 33 bacterial pathogens across 11 major infectious syndromes.We estimated deaths associated with 33 bacterial genera or species across 11 infectious syndromes in 2019 using methods from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, in addition to a subset of the input data described in the Global Burden of Antimicrobial Resistance 2019 study. This study included 343 million individual records or isolates covering 11 361 study-location-years. We used three modelling steps to estimate the number of deaths associated with each pathogen: deaths in which infection had a role, the fraction of deaths due to infection that are attributable to a given infectious syndrome, and the fraction of deaths due to an infectious syndrome that are attributable to a given pathogen. Estimates were produced for all ages and for males and females across 204 countries and territories in 2019. 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were calculated for final estimates of deaths and infections associated with the 33 bacterial pathogens following standard GBD methods by taking the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles across 1000 posterior draws for each quantity of interest.METHODSWe estimated deaths associated with 33 bacterial genera or species across 11 infectious syndromes in 2019 using methods from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, in addition to a subset of the input data described in the Global Burden of Antimicrobial Resistance 2019 study. This study included 343 million individual records or isolates covering 11 361 study-location-years. We used three modelling steps to estimate the number of deaths associated with each pathogen: deaths in which infection had a role, the fraction of deaths due to infection that are attributable to a given infectious syndrome, and the fraction of deaths due to an infectious syndrome that are attributable to a given pathogen. Estimates were produced for all ages and for males and females across 204 countries and territories in 2019. 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were calculated for final estimates of deaths and infections associated with the 33 bacterial pathogens following standard GBD methods by taking the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles across 1000 posterior draws for each quantity of interest.From an estimated 13·7 million (95% UI 10·9-17·1) infection-related deaths in 2019, there were 7·7 million deaths (5·7-10·2) associated with the 33 bacterial pathogens (both resistant and susceptible to antimicrobials) across the 11 infectious syndromes estimated in this study. We estimated deaths associated with the 33 bacterial pathogens to comprise 13·6% (10·2-18·1) of all global deaths and 56·2% (52·1-60·1) of all sepsis-related deaths in 2019. Five leading pathogens-Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa-were responsible for 54·9% (52·9-56·9) of deaths among the investigated bacteria. The deadliest infectious syndromes and pathogens varied by location and age. The age-standardised mortality rate associated with these bacterial pathogens was highest in the sub-Saharan Africa super-region, with 230 deaths (185-285) per 100 000 population, and lowest in the high-income super-region, with 52·2 deaths (37·4-71·5) per 100 000 population. S aureus was the leading bacterial cause of death in 135 countries and was also associated with the most deaths in individuals older than 15 years, globally. Among children younger than 5 years, S pneumoniae was the pathogen associated with the most deaths. In 2019, more than 6 million deaths occurred as a result of three bacterial infectious syndromes, with lower respiratory infections and bloodstream infections each causing more than 2 million deaths and peritoneal and intra-abdominal infections causing more than 1 million deaths.FINDINGSFrom an estimated 13·7 million (95% UI 10·9-17·1) infection-related deaths in 2019, there were 7·7 million deaths (5·7-10·2) associated with the 33 bacterial pathogens (both resistant and susceptible to antimicrobials) across the 11 infectious syndromes estimated in this study. We estimated deaths associated with the 33 bacterial pathogens to comprise 13·6% (10·2-18·1) of all global deaths and 56·2% (52·1-60·1) of all sepsis-related deaths in 2019. Five leading pathogens-Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa-were responsible for 54·9% (52·9-56·9) of deaths among the investigated bacteria. The deadliest infectious syndromes and pathogens varied by location and age. The age-standardised mortality rate associated with these bacterial pathogens was highest in the sub-Saharan Africa super-region, with 230 deaths (185-285) per 100 000 population, and lowest in the high-income super-region, with 52·2 deaths (37·4-71·5) per 100 000 population. S aureus was the leading bacterial cause of death in 135 countries and was also associated with the most deaths in individuals older than 15 years, globally. Among children younger than 5 years, S pneumoniae was the pathogen associated with the most deaths. In 2019, more than 6 million deaths occurred as a result of three bacterial infectious syndromes, with lower respiratory infections and bloodstream infections each causing more than 2 million deaths and peritoneal and intra-abdominal infections causing more than 1 million deaths.The 33 bacterial pathogens that we investigated in this study are a substantial source of health loss globally, with considerable variation in their distribution across infectious syndromes and locations. Compared with GBD Level 3 underlying causes of death, deaths associated with these bacteria would rank as the second leading cause of death globally in 2019; hence, they should be considered an urgent priority for intervention within the global health community. Strategies to address the burden of bacterial infections include infection prevention, optimised use of antibiotics, improved capacity for microbiological analysis, vaccine development, and improved and more pervasive use of available vaccines. These estimates can be used to help set priorities for vaccine need, demand, and development.INTERPRETATIONThe 33 bacterial pathogens that we investigated in this study are a substantial source of health loss globally, with considerable variation in their distribution across infectious syndromes and locations. Compared with GBD Level 3 underlying causes of death, deaths associated with these bacteria would rank as the second leading cause of death globally in 2019; hence, they should be considered an urgent priority for intervention within the global health community. Strategies to address the burden of bacterial infections include infection prevention, optimised use of antibiotics, improved capacity for microbiological analysis, vaccine development, and improved and more pervasive use of available vaccines. These estimates can be used to help set priorities for vaccine need, demand, and development.Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Wellcome Trust, and Department of Health and Social Care, using UK aid funding managed by the Fleming Fund.FUNDINGBill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Wellcome Trust, and Department of Health and Social Care, using UK aid funding managed by the Fleming Fund.
Author Pardhan, Shahina
Dunachie, Susanna J
Herteliu, Claudiu
Joukar, Farahnaz
Matei, Clara N
Mohammed, Shafiu
Naghavi, Mohsen
Kadashetti, Vidya
Iradukunda, Arnaud
Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah
Padubidri, Jagadish Rao
Lal, Dharmesh Kumar
Tefera, Belay Negash
Raeghi, Saber
Chowdhury, Fazle Rabbi
Butt, Zahid A
Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano
Mirmoeeni, Seyyedmohammadsadeq
Enyew, Daniel Berhanie
Alahdab, Fares
Rawaf, Salman
Shaikh, Masood Ali
Hassan, Shoaib
Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi
Das, Saswati
Ilic, Irena M
Shirzad-Aski, Hesamaddin
Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich
Akbarzadeh-Khiavi, Mostafa
Heibati, Behzad
Mamo, Galana Ayana
Momtazmanesh, Sara
Rao, Sowmya J
Singh, Surjit
Ikuta, Kevin S
Charan, Jaykaran
Falahi, Shahab
Misganaw, Abay Sisay
Nuñez-Samudio, Virginia
Shrestha, Sunil
Szócska, Miklós
Krishan, Kewal
Afzal, Saira
Otstavnov, Nikita
Olagunju, Andrew T
Ahmed Rashid, Tarik
Podder, Indrashis
Lasrado, Savita
Chu, Dinh-Toi
Dora, Bezabih Terefe
Filip, Irina
Han, Chieh
Gershberg Hayoon, Anna
Dagnaw, Fentaw Teshome
Okonji, Osaretin Christabel
K
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  fullname: Immurana, Mustapha
– sequence: 246
  givenname: Mihajlo
  surname: Jakovljevic
  fullname: Jakovljevic, Mihajlo
– sequence: 253
  givenname: Rime
  surname: Jebai
  fullname: Jebai, Rime
– sequence: 255
  givenname: Tamas
  surname: Joo
  fullname: Joo, Tamas
– sequence: 257
  givenname: Farahnaz
  surname: Joukar
  fullname: Joukar, Farahnaz
– sequence: 261
  givenname: Laleh R
  surname: Kalankesh
  fullname: Kalankesh, Laleh R
– sequence: 280
  givenname: Jagdish
  surname: Khubchandani
  fullname: Khubchandani, Jagdish
– sequence: 282
  givenname: Min Seo
  surname: Kim
  fullname: Kim, Min Seo
– sequence: 288
  givenname: Parvaiz A
  surname: Koul
  fullname: Koul, Parvaiz A
– sequence: 289
  givenname: Sindhura Lakshmi
  surname: Koulmane Laxminarayana
  fullname: Koulmane Laxminarayana, Sindhura Lakshmi
– sequence: 291
  givenname: Kewal
  surname: Krishan
  fullname: Krishan, Kewal
– sequence: 292
  givenname: Vijay
  surname: Krishnamoorthy
  fullname: Krishnamoorthy, Vijay
– sequence: 297
  givenname: Hmwe Hmwe
  surname: Kyu
  fullname: Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe
– sequence: 299
  givenname: Judit
  surname: Lám
  fullname: Lám, Judit
– sequence: 309
  givenname: Michael J
  surname: Loftus
  fullname: Loftus, Michael J
– sequence: 310
  givenname: Ayush
  surname: Lohiya
  fullname: Lohiya, Ayush
– sequence: 311
  givenname: László
  surname: Lorenzovici
  fullname: Lorenzovici, László
– sequence: 313
  givenname: Ata
  surname: Mahmoodpoor
  fullname: Mahmoodpoor, Ata
– sequence: 318
  givenname: Alaa
  surname: Makki
  fullname: Makki, Alaa
– sequence: 319
  givenname: Galana Ayana
  surname: Mamo
  fullname: Mamo, Galana Ayana
– sequence: 323
  givenname: Barney
  surname: McManigal
  fullname: McManigal, Barney
– sequence: 327
  givenname: Oliver
  surname: Mendoza-Cano
  fullname: Mendoza-Cano, Oliver
– sequence: 334
  givenname: Shabir Ahmad
  surname: Mir
  fullname: Mir, Shabir Ahmad
– sequence: 336
  givenname: Seyyedmohammadsadeq
  surname: Mirmoeeni
  fullname: Mirmoeeni, Seyyedmohammadsadeq
– sequence: 344
  givenname: Abdollah
  surname: Mohammadian-Hafshejani
  fullname: Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah
– sequence: 349
  givenname: Sara
  surname: Momtazmanesh
  fullname: Momtazmanesh, Sara
– sequence: 356
  givenname: Haleh
  surname: Mousavi Isfahani
  fullname: Mousavi Isfahani, Haleh
– sequence: 359
  givenname: Sumaira
  surname: Mubarik
  fullname: Mubarik, Sumaira
– sequence: 360
  givenname: Francesk
  surname: Mulita
  fullname: Mulita, Francesk
– sequence: 361
  givenname: Getaneh Baye B
  surname: Mulu
  fullname: Mulu, Getaneh Baye B
– sequence: 362
  givenname: Sandra B
  surname: Munro
  fullname: Munro, Sandra B
– sequence: 366
  givenname: Himanshi
  surname: Narang
  fullname: Narang, Himanshi
– sequence: 369
  givenname: Biswa Prakash
  surname: Nayak
  fullname: Nayak, Biswa Prakash
– sequence: 379
  givenname: Ali
  surname: Nowroozi
  fullname: Nowroozi, Ali
– sequence: 381
  givenname: Jerry John
  surname: Nutor
  fullname: Nutor, Jerry John
– sequence: 383
  givenname: Ogochukwu Janet
  surname: Nzoputam
  fullname: Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet
– sequence: 385
  givenname: Rahman Md
  surname: Obaidur
  fullname: Obaidur, Rahman Md
– sequence: 388
  givenname: Osaretin Christabel
  surname: Okonji
  fullname: Okonji, Osaretin Christabel
– sequence: 401
  givenname: Jose L
  surname: Paredes
  fullname: Paredes, Jose L
– sequence: 403
  givenname: Eun-Cheol
  surname: Park
  fullname: Park, Eun-Cheol
– sequence: 405
  givenname: Ashish
  surname: Pathak
  fullname: Pathak, Ashish
– sequence: 414
  givenname: Mario F P
  surname: Peres
  fullname: Peres, Mario F P
– sequence: 423
  givenname: Akila
  surname: Prashant
  fullname: Prashant, Akila
– sequence: 441
  givenname: Azad
  surname: Rasul
  fullname: Rasul, Azad
– sequence: 451
  givenname: Aziz
  surname: Rezapour
  fullname: Rezapour, Aziz
– sequence: 457
  givenname: Umar
  surname: Saeed
  fullname: Saeed, Umar
– sequence: 458
  givenname: Mohsen
  surname: Safaei
  fullname: Safaei, Mohsen
– sequence: 459
  givenname: Azam
  surname: Safary
  fullname: Safary, Azam
– sequence: 464
  givenname: Saina
  surname: Salahi
  fullname: Salahi, Saina
– sequence: 476
  givenname: Subramanian
  surname: Senthilkumaran
  fullname: Senthilkumaran, Subramanian
– sequence: 493
  givenname: Seyed Afshin
  surname: Shorofi
  fullname: Shorofi, Seyed Afshin
– sequence: 499
  givenname: Jasvinder A
  surname: Singh
  fullname: Singh, Jasvinder A
– sequence: 504
  givenname: Valentin Yurievich
  surname: Skryabin
  fullname: Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich
– sequence: 509
  givenname: Chandrashekhar T
  surname: Sreeramareddy
  fullname: Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T
– sequence: 521
  givenname: Vivian Y
  surname: Tat
  fullname: Tat, Vivian Y
– sequence: 523
  givenname: Yibekal Manaye
  surname: Tefera
  fullname: Tefera, Yibekal Manaye
– sequence: 527
  givenname: Arulmani
  surname: Thiyagarajan
  fullname: Thiyagarajan, Arulmani
– sequence: 530
  givenname: Krishna Kishore
  surname: Umapathi
  fullname: Umapathi, Krishna Kishore
– sequence: 537
  givenname: Georgios-Ioannis
  surname: Verras
  fullname: Verras, Georgios-Ioannis
– sequence: 548
  givenname: Dong Keon
  surname: Yon
  fullname: Yon, Dong Keon
– sequence: 554
  givenname: Iman
  surname: Zare
  fullname: Zare, Iman
– sequence: 560
  givenname: Alimuddin
  surname: Zumla
  fullname: Zumla, Alimuddin
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36423648$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
https://gup.ub.gu.se/publication/324382$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index (Göteborgs universitet)
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Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin
Bagherieh, Sara
Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen
Wool, Eve E
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Adnan, Mohammad
Areda, Demelash
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Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah
Ansar, Adnan
Andrei, Catalina Liliana
Anggraini, Dewi
Akbarzadeh-Khiavi, Mostafa
Abhari, Amir Parsa
Aleman, Alicia V
Aldeyab, Mamoon A
Al Hamad, Hanadi
Aboagye, Richard Gyan
Ikuta, Kevin S
Ali, Liaqat
Ali, Syed Shujait
B, Darshan B
Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena
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Ayana, Tegegn Mulatu
Ajami, Marjan
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Attia, Sameh
Ahmed, Haroon
Ahmed Rashid, Tarik
Aali, Amirali
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Han, Chieh
Gershberg Hayoon, Anna
Al-Aly, Ziyad
Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina
Azadnajafabad, Sina
Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo
Aghdam, Zahra Babaei
Abate, Semagn Mekonnen
Ausloos, Marcel
Alhalaiqa, Fadwa Alhalaiqa Naji
Awoke, Tewachew
Davis Weaver, Nicole
Acuna, Juan Manuel
Alhassan, Robert Kaba
Barac, Aleksandra
Ahmad, Aqeel
Aljunid, Syed Mohamed
Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab
Asaduzzaman, Muhammad
Adane, Tigist Demssew
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Snippet Reducing the burden of death due to infection is an urgent global public health priority. Previous studies have estimated the number of deaths associated with...
Summary Background Reducing the burden of death due to infection is an urgent global public health priority. Previous studies have estimated the number of...
Background Reducing the burden of death due to infection is an urgent global public health priority. Previous studies have estimated the number of deaths...
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SubjectTerms Africa South of the Sahara
Antibiotics
Antimicrobial agents
Antimicrobial resistance
Bacteria
Bacterial diseases
Bacterial infections
Bacterial Infections - epidemiology
Charities
Child
children
Clinical Medicine
Death
Disease control
Disorders
Drug resistance
E coli
Escherichia coli
Estimates
Fatalities
Female
Funding
General & Internal Medicine
Global Burden of Disease
Global Health
guidelines
health
Humans
infections
Infectious diseases
Klebsiella
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Klinisk medicin
Male
management
Mathematical analysis
Microbiological analysis
Mortality
Pathogens
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Public health
Risk analysis
Risk Factors
Sepsis
Staphylococcus aureus
strategies
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Syndrome
Vaccine development
Vaccines
Title Global mortality associated with 33 bacterial pathogens in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
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Volume 400
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