Altered Expression of Phox2 Transcription Factors in the Locus Coeruleus in Major Depressive Disorder Mimicked by Chronic Stress and Corticosterone Treatment In Vivo and In Vitro
[Display omitted] •Protein levels of Phox2a, mRNA and protein levels of Phox2b were elevated in the locus coeruleus from brain donors of MDD.•CSD significantly increased Phox2a and Phox2b expression in the rat locus coeruleus.•Corticosterone administration increased Phox2b protein levels in the rat...
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| Vydané v: | Neuroscience Ročník 393; s. 123 - 137 |
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| Hlavní autori: | , , , , , , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | English |
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United States
Elsevier Ltd
21.11.2018
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| ISSN: | 0306-4522, 1873-7544, 1873-7544 |
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| Abstract | [Display omitted]
•Protein levels of Phox2a, mRNA and protein levels of Phox2b were elevated in the locus coeruleus from brain donors of MDD.•CSD significantly increased Phox2a and Phox2b expression in the rat locus coeruleus.•Corticosterone administration increased Phox2b protein levels in the rat locus coeruleus.•Corticosterone increased Phox2a and Phox2b expression in the SK-SY5Y cells.•Corticosterone-induced increase in Phox2 expression may be mediated through corticosteroid receptors.
Phox2a and Phox2b are two homeodomain transcription factors playing a pivotal role in the development of noradrenergic neurons during the embryonic period. However, their expression and function in adulthood remain to be elucidated. Using human postmortem brain tissues, rat stress models and cultured cells, this study aimed to examine the alteration of Phox2a and Phox2b expression. The results show that Phox2a and Phox2b are normally expressed in the human locus coeruleus (LC) in adulthood. Furthermore, the levels of Phox2a protein and mRNA and protein levels of Phox2b were significantly elevated in the LC of brain donors that suffered from the major depressive disorder, as compared to age-matched and psychiatrically normal control donors. Fischer 344 rats subjected to chronic social defeat showed higher mRNA and protein levels of Phox2a and Phox2b in the LC, as compared to non-stressed control rats. In rats chronically administered oral corticosterone, mRNA and protein levels of Phox2b, but not Phox2a, in the LC were significantly increased. In addition, the corticosterone-induced increase in Phox2b protein was reversed by simultaneous treatment with either mifepristone or spironolactone. Exposing SH-SY5Y cells to corticosterone significantly increased expression of Phox2a and Phox2b, which was blocked by corticosteroid receptor antagonists. Taken together, these experiments reveal that Phox2 genes are expressed throughout the lifetime in the LC of humans and Fischer 344 rats. Alterations in their expression may play a role in major depressive disorder and possibly other stress-related disorders through their modulatory effects on the noradrenergic phenotype. |
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| AbstractList | [Display omitted]
•Protein levels of Phox2a, mRNA and protein levels of Phox2b were elevated in the locus coeruleus from brain donors of MDD.•CSD significantly increased Phox2a and Phox2b expression in the rat locus coeruleus.•Corticosterone administration increased Phox2b protein levels in the rat locus coeruleus.•Corticosterone increased Phox2a and Phox2b expression in the SK-SY5Y cells.•Corticosterone-induced increase in Phox2 expression may be mediated through corticosteroid receptors.
Phox2a and Phox2b are two homeodomain transcription factors playing a pivotal role in the development of noradrenergic neurons during the embryonic period. However, their expression and function in adulthood remain to be elucidated. Using human postmortem brain tissues, rat stress models and cultured cells, this study aimed to examine the alteration of Phox2a and Phox2b expression. The results show that Phox2a and Phox2b are normally expressed in the human locus coeruleus (LC) in adulthood. Furthermore, the levels of Phox2a protein and mRNA and protein levels of Phox2b were significantly elevated in the LC of brain donors that suffered from the major depressive disorder, as compared to age-matched and psychiatrically normal control donors. Fischer 344 rats subjected to chronic social defeat showed higher mRNA and protein levels of Phox2a and Phox2b in the LC, as compared to non-stressed control rats. In rats chronically administered oral corticosterone, mRNA and protein levels of Phox2b, but not Phox2a, in the LC were significantly increased. In addition, the corticosterone-induced increase in Phox2b protein was reversed by simultaneous treatment with either mifepristone or spironolactone. Exposing SH-SY5Y cells to corticosterone significantly increased expression of Phox2a and Phox2b, which was blocked by corticosteroid receptor antagonists. Taken together, these experiments reveal that Phox2 genes are expressed throughout the lifetime in the LC of humans and Fischer 344 rats. Alterations in their expression may play a role in major depressive disorder and possibly other stress-related disorders through their modulatory effects on the noradrenergic phenotype. Phox2a and Phox2b are two homeodomain transcription factors playing a pivotal role in the development of noradrenergic neurons during the embryonic period. However, their expression and function in adulthood remain to be elucidated. Using human postmortem brain tissues, rat stress models and cultured cells, this study aimed to examine the alteration of Phox2a and Phox2b expression. The results show that Phox2a and Phox2b are normally expressed in the human locus coeruleus (LC) in adulthood. Furthermore, the levels of Phox2a protein and mRNA and protein levels of Phox2b were significantly elevated in the LC of brain donors that suffered from the major depressive disorder, as compared to age-matched and psychiatrically normal control donors. Fischer 344 rats subjected to chronic social defeat showed higher mRNA and protein levels of Phox2a and Phox2b in the LC, as compared to non-stressed control rats. In rats chronically administered oral corticosterone, mRNA and protein levels of Phox2b, but not Phox2a, in the LC were significantly increased. In addition, the corticosterone-induced increase in Phox2b protein was reversed by simultaneous treatment with either mifepristone or spironolactone. Exposing SH-SY5Y cells to corticosterone significantly increased expression of Phox2a and Phox2b, which was blocked by corticosteroid receptor antagonists. Taken together, these experiments reveal that Phox2 genes are expressed throughout the lifetime in the LC of humans and Fischer 344 rats. Alterations in their expression may play a role in major depressive disorder and possibly other stress-related disorders through their modulatory effects on the noradrenergic phenotype. Phox2a and Phox2b are two homeodomain transcription factors playing a pivotal role in the development of noradrenergic neurons during the embryonic period. However, their expression and function in adulthood remain to be elucidated. Using human postmortem brain tissues, rat stress models and cultured cells, this study aimed to examine the alteration of Phox2a and Phox2b expression. The results show that Phox2a and Phox2b are normally expressed in the human locus coeruleus (LC) in adulthood. Furthermore, the levels of Phox2a protein and mRNA and protein levels of Phox2b were significantly elevated in the LC of brain donors that suffered from the major depressive disorder, as compared to age-matched and psychiatrically normal control donors. Fischer 344 rats subjected to chronic social defeat showed higher mRNA and protein levels of Phox2a and Phox2b in the LC, as compared to non-stressed control rats. In rats chronically administered oral corticosterone, mRNA and protein levels of Phox2b, but not Phox2a, in the LC were significantly increased. In addition, the corticosterone-induced increase in Phox2b protein was reversed by simultaneous treatment with either mifepristone or spironolactone. Exposing SH-SY5Y cells to corticosterone significantly increased expression of Phox2a and Phox2b, which was blocked by corticosteroid receptor antagonists. Taken together, these experiments reveal that Phox2 genes are expressed throughout the lifetime in the LC of humans and Fischer 344 rats. Alterations in their expression may play a role in major depressive disorder and possibly other stress-related disorders through their modulatory effects on the noradrenergic phenotype.Phox2a and Phox2b are two homeodomain transcription factors playing a pivotal role in the development of noradrenergic neurons during the embryonic period. However, their expression and function in adulthood remain to be elucidated. Using human postmortem brain tissues, rat stress models and cultured cells, this study aimed to examine the alteration of Phox2a and Phox2b expression. The results show that Phox2a and Phox2b are normally expressed in the human locus coeruleus (LC) in adulthood. Furthermore, the levels of Phox2a protein and mRNA and protein levels of Phox2b were significantly elevated in the LC of brain donors that suffered from the major depressive disorder, as compared to age-matched and psychiatrically normal control donors. Fischer 344 rats subjected to chronic social defeat showed higher mRNA and protein levels of Phox2a and Phox2b in the LC, as compared to non-stressed control rats. In rats chronically administered oral corticosterone, mRNA and protein levels of Phox2b, but not Phox2a, in the LC were significantly increased. In addition, the corticosterone-induced increase in Phox2b protein was reversed by simultaneous treatment with either mifepristone or spironolactone. Exposing SH-SY5Y cells to corticosterone significantly increased expression of Phox2a and Phox2b, which was blocked by corticosteroid receptor antagonists. Taken together, these experiments reveal that Phox2 genes are expressed throughout the lifetime in the LC of humans and Fischer 344 rats. Alterations in their expression may play a role in major depressive disorder and possibly other stress-related disorders through their modulatory effects on the noradrenergic phenotype. Phox2a and Phox2b are two homeodomain transcription factors playing a pivotal role in the development of noradrenergic neurons during the embryonic period. However, their expression and function in adulthood remain to be elucidated. Using human postmortem brain tissues, rat stress models and cultured cells, this study aimed to examine the alteration of Phox2a and Phox2b expression. The results show that Phox2a and Phox2b are normally expressed in the human locus coeruleus (LC) in adulthood. Furthermore, the levels of Phox2a protein and mRNA and protein levels of Phox2b were significantly elevated in the LC of brain donors that suffered from the major depressive disorder, as compared to age-matched and psychiatrically normal control donors. Fischer 344 rats subjected to chronic social defeat showed higher mRNA and protein levels of Phox2a and Phox2b in the LC, as compared to non-stressed control rats. In rats chronically administered oral corticosterone, mRNA and protein levels of Phox2b, but not Phox2a, in the LC were significantly increased. In addition, the corticosterone-induced increase of Phox2b protein was reversed by simultaneous treatment with either mifepristone or spironolactone. Exposing SH-SY5Y cells to corticosterone significantly increased expression of Phox2a and Phox2b, which was blocked by corticosteroid receptor antagonists. Taken together, these experiments reveal that Phox2 genes are expressed throughout the lifetime in the LC of humans and Fischer 344 rats. Alterations in their expression may play a role in major depressive disorder and possibly other stress-related disorders through their modulatory effects on the noradrenergic phenotype. |
| Author | Fan, Yan Chen, Ping Zhu, Meng-Yang Ordway, Gregory A. Stockmeier, Craig A. Raza, Muhammad U. Szebeni, Attila Szebeni, Katalin |
| AuthorAffiliation | 4 Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA 3 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA 1 Department of Biochemistry, Nantong University College of Medicine, Nantong, China 2 School of life science and technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Department of Biochemistry, Nantong University College of Medicine, Nantong, China – name: 3 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA – name: 2 School of life science and technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China – name: 4 Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Yan surname: Fan fullname: Fan, Yan organization: Department of Biochemistry, Nantong University College of Medicine, Nantong, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Ping surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Ping organization: School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China – sequence: 3 givenname: Muhammad U. surname: Raza fullname: Raza, Muhammad U. organization: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Attila surname: Szebeni fullname: Szebeni, Attila organization: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: Katalin surname: Szebeni fullname: Szebeni, Katalin organization: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA – sequence: 6 givenname: Gregory A. surname: Ordway fullname: Ordway, Gregory A. organization: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA – sequence: 7 givenname: Craig A. surname: Stockmeier fullname: Stockmeier, Craig A. organization: Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA – sequence: 8 givenname: Meng-Yang orcidid: 0000-0002-5403-1270 surname: Zhu fullname: Zhu, Meng-Yang email: zhum@etsu.edu organization: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30315878$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Keywords | PBS stress ir DBH MDD q-PCR locus coeruleus CORT TH major depressive disorder CSD postmortem LC Phox2 genes corticosterone |
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•Protein levels of Phox2a, mRNA and protein levels of Phox2b were elevated in the locus coeruleus from brain donors of MDD.•CSD significantly... Phox2a and Phox2b are two homeodomain transcription factors playing a pivotal role in the development of noradrenergic neurons during the embryonic period.... |
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| SubjectTerms | Animals corticosterone Corticosterone - metabolism Corticosterone - pharmacology Depressive Disorder, Major - metabolism Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental - drug effects Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental - physiology Homeodomain Proteins - metabolism locus coeruleus Locus Coeruleus - drug effects Locus Coeruleus - metabolism major depressive disorder Male Nerve Tissue Proteins - metabolism Norepinephrine - metabolism Phox2 genes postmortem Rats, Inbred F344 RNA, Messenger - metabolism stress Transcription Factors - metabolism |
| Title | Altered Expression of Phox2 Transcription Factors in the Locus Coeruleus in Major Depressive Disorder Mimicked by Chronic Stress and Corticosterone Treatment In Vivo and In Vitro |
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