M2 macrophages and regulatory T cells in lethal prostate cancer
Background Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in the world. Emerging evidence suggests that inflammatory cells such as M2 macrophages and regulatory T cells (Tregs) can contribute to cancer progression by suppressing the anti‐tumor immune response. This study inves...
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| Published in: | The Prostate Vol. 79; no. 4; pp. 363 - 369 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
United States
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
01.03.2019
John Wiley and Sons Inc |
| Subjects: | |
| ISSN: | 0270-4137, 1097-0045, 1097-0045 |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Background
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in the world. Emerging evidence suggests that inflammatory cells such as M2 macrophages and regulatory T cells (Tregs) can contribute to cancer progression by suppressing the anti‐tumor immune response. This study investigated the number of CD163‐positive M2 macrophages in PCa tissue. It also investigated the correlation and interaction of M2 macrophages and Tregs.
Methods
This nested case‐control study included subjects from a cohort of men diagnosed with PCa as an incidental finding during transurethral resection of the prostate. The cases were 225 men who died from PCa, and the controls were 367 men who survived more than 10 years after PCa diagnosis without disease progression. Infiltrating CD163‐positive M2 macrophages and FOXP3/CD4‐positive Tregs in PCa tissue were identified using immunohistochemistry. The correlation and interaction of M2 macrophages and Tregs were assessed using Spearman's rank‐order correlation and a likelihood test, respectively. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for lethal PCa and macrophage counts.
Results
The number of M2 macrophages and Tregs showed a significant correlation (P < 0.001) but no interactions. The OR for lethal PCa was 1.93 (95%CI: 1.23‐3.03) for men with high numbers of M2 macrophages. Also for cases with uncertain outcome (GS categories 3 + 4 and 4 + 3) high numbers of M2 macrophages does predict a poorer prognosis.
Conclusions
Our data showed that men with high numbers of M2 macrophages in the prostate tumor environment had increased odds of dying of PCa. It is possible that M2 macrophages, together with other suppressor cells such as Tregs, promote an immunosuppressive environment. |
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| AbstractList | Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in the world. Emerging evidence suggests that inflammatory cells such as M2 macrophages and regulatory T cells (Tregs ) can contribute to cancer progression by suppressing the anti-tumor immune response. This study investigated the number of CD163-positive M2 macrophages in PCa tissue. It also investigated the correlation and interaction of M2 macrophages and Tregs .BACKGROUNDProstate cancer (PCa) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in the world. Emerging evidence suggests that inflammatory cells such as M2 macrophages and regulatory T cells (Tregs ) can contribute to cancer progression by suppressing the anti-tumor immune response. This study investigated the number of CD163-positive M2 macrophages in PCa tissue. It also investigated the correlation and interaction of M2 macrophages and Tregs .This nested case-control study included subjects from a cohort of men diagnosed with PCa as an incidental finding during transurethral resection of the prostate. The cases were 225 men who died from PCa, and the controls were 367 men who survived more than 10 years after PCa diagnosis without disease progression. Infiltrating CD163-positive M2 macrophages and FOXP3/CD4-positive Tregs in PCa tissue were identified using immunohistochemistry. The correlation and interaction of M2 macrophages and Tregs were assessed using Spearman's rank-order correlation and a likelihood test, respectively. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for lethal PCa and macrophage counts.METHODSThis nested case-control study included subjects from a cohort of men diagnosed with PCa as an incidental finding during transurethral resection of the prostate. The cases were 225 men who died from PCa, and the controls were 367 men who survived more than 10 years after PCa diagnosis without disease progression. Infiltrating CD163-positive M2 macrophages and FOXP3/CD4-positive Tregs in PCa tissue were identified using immunohistochemistry. The correlation and interaction of M2 macrophages and Tregs were assessed using Spearman's rank-order correlation and a likelihood test, respectively. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for lethal PCa and macrophage counts.The number of M2 macrophages and Tregs showed a significant correlation (P < 0.001) but no interactions. The OR for lethal PCa was 1.93 (95%CI: 1.23-3.03) for men with high numbers of M2 macrophages. Also for cases with uncertain outcome (GS categories 3 + 4 and 4 + 3) high numbers of M2 macrophages does predict a poorer prognosis.RESULTSThe number of M2 macrophages and Tregs showed a significant correlation (P < 0.001) but no interactions. The OR for lethal PCa was 1.93 (95%CI: 1.23-3.03) for men with high numbers of M2 macrophages. Also for cases with uncertain outcome (GS categories 3 + 4 and 4 + 3) high numbers of M2 macrophages does predict a poorer prognosis.Our data showed that men with high numbers of M2 macrophages in the prostate tumor environment had increased odds of dying of PCa. It is possible that M2 macrophages, together with other suppressor cells such as Tregs , promote an immunosuppressive environment.CONCLUSIONSOur data showed that men with high numbers of M2 macrophages in the prostate tumor environment had increased odds of dying of PCa. It is possible that M2 macrophages, together with other suppressor cells such as Tregs , promote an immunosuppressive environment. BackgroundProstate cancer (PCa) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in the world. Emerging evidence suggests that inflammatory cells such as M2 macrophages and regulatory T cells (Tregs) can contribute to cancer progression by suppressing the anti‐tumor immune response. This study investigated the number of CD163‐positive M2 macrophages in PCa tissue. It also investigated the correlation and interaction of M2 macrophages and Tregs.MethodsThis nested case‐control study included subjects from a cohort of men diagnosed with PCa as an incidental finding during transurethral resection of the prostate. The cases were 225 men who died from PCa, and the controls were 367 men who survived more than 10 years after PCa diagnosis without disease progression. Infiltrating CD163‐positive M2 macrophages and FOXP3/CD4‐positive Tregs in PCa tissue were identified using immunohistochemistry. The correlation and interaction of M2 macrophages and Tregs were assessed using Spearman's rank‐order correlation and a likelihood test, respectively. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for lethal PCa and macrophage counts.ResultsThe number of M2 macrophages and Tregs showed a significant correlation (P < 0.001) but no interactions. The OR for lethal PCa was 1.93 (95%CI: 1.23‐3.03) for men with high numbers of M2 macrophages. Also for cases with uncertain outcome (GS categories 3 + 4 and 4 + 3) high numbers of M2 macrophages does predict a poorer prognosis.ConclusionsOur data showed that men with high numbers of M2 macrophages in the prostate tumor environment had increased odds of dying of PCa. It is possible that M2 macrophages, together with other suppressor cells such as Tregs, promote an immunosuppressive environment. Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in the world. Emerging evidence suggests that inflammatory cells such as M2 macrophages and regulatory T cells (T regs ) can contribute to cancer progression by suppressing the anti‐tumor immune response. This study investigated the number of CD163‐positive M2 macrophages in PCa tissue. It also investigated the correlation and interaction of M2 macrophages and T regs . Methods: This nested case‐control study included subjects from a cohort of men diagnosed with PCa as an incidental finding during transurethral resection of the prostate. The cases were 225 men who died from PCa, and the controls were 367 men who survived more than 10 years after PCa diagnosis without disease progression. Infiltrating CD163‐positive M2 macrophages and FOXP3/CD4‐positive T regs in PCa tissue were identified using immunohistochemistry. The correlation and interaction of M2 macrophages and T regs were assessed using Spearman's rank‐order correlation and a likelihood test, respectively. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for lethal PCa and macrophage counts. Results: The number of M2 macrophages and T regs showed a significant correlation ( P < 0.001) but no interactions. The OR for lethal PCa was 1.93 (95%CI: 1.23‐3.03) for men with high numbers of M2 macrophages. Also for cases with uncertain outcome (GS categories 3 + 4 and 4 + 3) high numbers of M2 macrophages does predict a poorer prognosis. Conclusions: Our data showed that men with high numbers of M2 macrophages in the prostate tumor environment had increased odds of dying of PCa. It is possible that M2 macrophages, together with other suppressor cells such as T regs , promote an immunosuppressive environment. BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in the world. Emerging evidence suggests that inflammatory cells such as M2 macrophages and regulatory T cells (T regs ) can contribute to cancer progression by suppressing the anti‐tumor immune response. This study investigated the number of CD163‐positive M2 macrophages in PCa tissue. It also investigated the correlation and interaction of M2 macrophages and T regs . METHODS: were assessed using Spearman's rank-order correlation and a likelihood test, respectively. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for lethal PCa and macrophage counts. RESULTS: showed a significant correlation (P < 0.001) but no interactions. The OR for lethal PCa was 1.93 (95%CI: 1.23-3.03) for men with high numbers of M2 macrophages. Also for cases with uncertain outcome (GS categories 3 + 4 and 4 + 3) high numbers of M2 macrophages does predict a poorer prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Our data showed that men with high numbers of M2 macrophages in the prostate tumor environment had increased odds of dying of PCa. It is possible that M2 macrophages, together with other suppressor cells such as T regs , promote an immunosuppressive environment. Background Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in the world. Emerging evidence suggests that inflammatory cells such as M2 macrophages and regulatory T cells (Tregs) can contribute to cancer progression by suppressing the anti‐tumor immune response. This study investigated the number of CD163‐positive M2 macrophages in PCa tissue. It also investigated the correlation and interaction of M2 macrophages and Tregs. Methods This nested case‐control study included subjects from a cohort of men diagnosed with PCa as an incidental finding during transurethral resection of the prostate. The cases were 225 men who died from PCa, and the controls were 367 men who survived more than 10 years after PCa diagnosis without disease progression. Infiltrating CD163‐positive M2 macrophages and FOXP3/CD4‐positive Tregs in PCa tissue were identified using immunohistochemistry. The correlation and interaction of M2 macrophages and Tregs were assessed using Spearman's rank‐order correlation and a likelihood test, respectively. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for lethal PCa and macrophage counts. Results The number of M2 macrophages and Tregs showed a significant correlation (P < 0.001) but no interactions. The OR for lethal PCa was 1.93 (95%CI: 1.23‐3.03) for men with high numbers of M2 macrophages. Also for cases with uncertain outcome (GS categories 3 + 4 and 4 + 3) high numbers of M2 macrophages does predict a poorer prognosis. Conclusions Our data showed that men with high numbers of M2 macrophages in the prostate tumor environment had increased odds of dying of PCa. It is possible that M2 macrophages, together with other suppressor cells such as Tregs, promote an immunosuppressive environment. Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in the world. Emerging evidence suggests that inflammatory cells such as M2 macrophages and regulatory T cells (T ) can contribute to cancer progression by suppressing the anti-tumor immune response. This study investigated the number of CD163-positive M2 macrophages in PCa tissue. It also investigated the correlation and interaction of M2 macrophages and T . This nested case-control study included subjects from a cohort of men diagnosed with PCa as an incidental finding during transurethral resection of the prostate. The cases were 225 men who died from PCa, and the controls were 367 men who survived more than 10 years after PCa diagnosis without disease progression. Infiltrating CD163-positive M2 macrophages and FOXP3/CD4-positive T in PCa tissue were identified using immunohistochemistry. The correlation and interaction of M2 macrophages and T were assessed using Spearman's rank-order correlation and a likelihood test, respectively. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for lethal PCa and macrophage counts. The number of M2 macrophages and T showed a significant correlation (P < 0.001) but no interactions. The OR for lethal PCa was 1.93 (95%CI: 1.23-3.03) for men with high numbers of M2 macrophages. Also for cases with uncertain outcome (GS categories 3 + 4 and 4 + 3) high numbers of M2 macrophages does predict a poorer prognosis. Our data showed that men with high numbers of M2 macrophages in the prostate tumor environment had increased odds of dying of PCa. It is possible that M2 macrophages, together with other suppressor cells such as T , promote an immunosuppressive environment. |
| Author | Andersson, Sven‐Olof Andrén, Ove Lundholm, Marie Davidsson, Sabina Erlandsson, Ann Carlsson, Jessica Fält, Anna |
| AuthorAffiliation | 3 Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Medical Sciences Örebro University Örebro Sweden 1 Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Örebro University Örebro Sweden 2 Department of Medical Biosciences Umeå University Umeå Sweden |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Örebro University Örebro Sweden – name: 3 Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Medical Sciences Örebro University Örebro Sweden – name: 2 Department of Medical Biosciences Umeå University Umeå Sweden |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Ann orcidid: 0000-0002-3813-9548 surname: Erlandsson fullname: Erlandsson, Ann email: ann.erlandssson@regionorebrolan.se organization: Örebro University – sequence: 2 givenname: Jessica surname: Carlsson fullname: Carlsson, Jessica organization: Örebro University – sequence: 3 givenname: Marie surname: Lundholm fullname: Lundholm, Marie organization: Umeå University – sequence: 4 givenname: Anna surname: Fält fullname: Fält, Anna organization: Örebro University – sequence: 5 givenname: Sven‐Olof surname: Andersson fullname: Andersson, Sven‐Olof organization: Örebro University – sequence: 6 givenname: Ove surname: Andrén fullname: Andrén, Ove organization: Örebro University – sequence: 7 givenname: Sabina orcidid: 0000-0002-2850-6009 surname: Davidsson fullname: Davidsson, Sabina organization: Örebro University |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30500076$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-71932$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index (Karlstads universitet) https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-70404$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index (Örebro universitet) https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-154012$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index (Umeå universitet) |
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| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2018 The Authors. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 2018 The Authors. The Prostate Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. |
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| DOI | 10.1002/pros.23742 |
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| Keywords | CD163 TAMs FOXP3 Tregs |
| Language | English |
| License | Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2018 The Authors. The Prostate Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. |
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| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 Ove Andrén and Sabina Davidsson contributed equally. |
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Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in the world. Emerging evidence suggests that inflammatory cells such as M2... Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in the world. Emerging evidence suggests that inflammatory cells such as M2 macrophages... BackgroundProstate cancer (PCa) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in the world. Emerging evidence suggests that inflammatory cells such as M2... BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in the world. Emerging evidence suggests that inflammatory cells such as M2... Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in the world. Emerging evidence suggests that inflammatory cells such as M2... |
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| SubjectTerms | Aged Aged, 80 and over Antigens, CD - analysis Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic - analysis Case-Control Studies CD163 CD163 antigen CD4 antigen Cell Count Cohort Studies Folkhälsovetenskap FOXP3 Foxp3 protein Humans Immunohistochemistry Immunoregulation Inflammation Lymphocyte Count Lymphocytes T Macrophages Macrophages - chemistry Macrophages - immunology Macrophages - pathology Male Original Prognosis Prostate cancer Prostatic Neoplasms - immunology Prostatic Neoplasms - mortality Prostatic Neoplasms - pathology Public Health Science Receptors, Cell Surface - analysis Risk Factors Suppressor cells T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory - immunology T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory - pathology TAMs Transurethral Resection of Prostate Tregs |
| Title | M2 macrophages and regulatory T cells in lethal prostate cancer |
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