Origins, Development, and Compartmentation of the Granule Cells of the Cerebellum

Granule cells (GCs) are the most numerous cell type in the cerebellum and indeed, in the brain: at least 99% of all cerebellar neurons are granule cells. In this review article, we first consider the formation of the upper rhombic lip, from which all granule cell precursors arise, and the way by whi...

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Published in:Frontiers in neural circuits Vol. 14; p. 611841
Main Authors: Consalez, G. Giacomo, Goldowitz, Daniel, Casoni, Filippo, Hawkes, Richard
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland Frontiers Research Foundation 15.01.2021
Frontiers Media S.A
Subjects:
Bergmann glial fibers
Cerebellum
Climbing
compartmentation
Epithelium
external granular layer
granule cell
Granule cells
Neurons
Neuroscience
Phenotypes
radial migration
Reviews
upper rhombic lip
compartmentation
upper rhombic lip
Bergmann glial fibers
radial migration
cerebellum
external granular layer
granule cell
ISSN:1662-5110, 1662-5110
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Summary:Granule cells (GCs) are the most numerous cell type in the cerebellum and indeed, in the brain: at least 99% of all cerebellar neurons are granule cells. In this review article, we first consider the formation of the upper rhombic lip, from which all granule cell precursors arise, and the way by which the upper rhombic lip generates the external granular layer, a secondary germinal epithelium that serves to amplify the upper rhombic lip precursors. Next, we review the mechanisms by which postmitotic granule cells are generated in the external granular layer and migrate radially to settle in the granular layer. In addition, we review the evidence that far from being a homogeneous population, granule cells come in multiple phenotypes with distinct topographical distributions and consider ways in which the heterogeneity of granule cells might arise during development.
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These authors have contributed equally to this work and share first authorship
Edited by: Eduardo Weruaga, University of Salamanca, Spain
Reviewed by: Mitsuhiro Hashimoto, Fukushima Medical University, Japan; Tetsushi Sadakata, Gunma University, Japan
ISSN:1662-5110
1662-5110
DOI:10.3389/fncir.2020.611841