Wildfire and climate change adaptation of western North American forests a case for intentional management
Forest landscapes across western North America (wNA) have experienced extensive changes over the last two centuries, while climatic warming has become a global reality over the last four decades. Resulting interactions between historical increases in forested area and density and recent rapid warmin...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Ecological applications Jg. 31; H. 8; S. 1 - 17 |
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| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
United States
John Wiley and Sons, Inc
01.12.2021
Ecological Society of America John Wiley and Sons Inc |
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| ISSN: | 1051-0761, 1939-5582 |
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| Abstract | Forest landscapes across western North America (wNA) have experienced extensive changes over the last two centuries, while climatic warming has become a global reality over the last four decades. Resulting interactions between historical increases in forested area and density and recent rapid warming, increasing insect mortality, and wildfire burned areas, are now leading to substantial abrupt landscape alterations. These outcomes are forcing forest planners and managers to identify strategies that can modify future outcomes that are ecologically and/or socially undesirable. Past forest management, including widespread harvest of fire- and climate-tolerant large old trees and old forests, fire exclusion (both Indigenous and lightning ignitions), and highly effective wildfire suppression have contributed to the current state of wNA forests. These practices were successful at meeting short-term demands, but they match poorly to modern realities. Hagmann et al. review a century of observations and multiscale, multi-proxy, research evidence that details widespread changes in forested landscapes and wildfire regimes since the influx of European colonists. Over the preceding 10 millennia, large areas of wNA were already settled and proactively managed with intentional burning by Indigenous tribes. Prichard et al. then review the research on management practices historically applied by Indigenous tribes and currently applied by some managers to intentionally manage forests for resilient conditions. They address 10 questions surrounding the application and relevance of these management practices. Here, we highlight the main findings of both papers and offer recommendations for management. We discuss progress paralysis that often occurs with strict adherence to the precautionary principle; offer insights for dealing with the common problem of irreducible uncertainty and suggestions for reframing management and policy direction; and identify key knowledge gaps and research needs. |
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| AbstractList | Forest landscapes across western North America (wNA) have experienced extensive changes over the last two centuries, while climatic warming has become a global reality over the last four decades. Resulting interactions between historical increases in forested area and density and recent rapid warming, increasing insect mortality, and wildfire burned areas, are now leading to substantial abrupt landscape alterations. These outcomes are forcing forest planners and managers to identify strategies that can modify future outcomes that are ecologically and/or socially undesirable. Past forest management, including widespread harvest of fire‐ and climate‐tolerant large old trees and old forests, fire exclusion (both Indigenous and lightning ignitions), and highly effective wildfire suppression have contributed to the current state of wNA forests. These practices were successful at meeting short‐term demands, but they match poorly to modern realities. Hagmann et al. review a century of observations and multi‐scale, multi‐proxy, research evidence that details widespread changes in forested landscapes and wildfire regimes since the influx of European colonists. Over the preceding 10 millennia, large areas of wNA were already settled and proactively managed with intentional burning by Indigenous tribes. Prichard et al. then review the research on management practices historically applied by Indigenous tribes and currently applied by some managers to intentionally manage forests for resilient conditions. They address 10 questions surrounding the application and relevance of these management practices. Here, we highlight the main findings of both papers and offer recommendations for management. We discuss progress paralysis that often occurs with strict adherence to the precautionary principle; offer insights for dealing with the common problem of irreducible uncertainty and suggestions for reframing management and policy direction; and identify key knowledge gaps and research needs. Forest landscapes across western North America (wNA) have experienced extensive changes over the last two centuries, while climatic warming has become a global reality over the last four decades. Resulting interactions between historical increases in forested area and density and recent rapid warming, increasing insect mortality, and wildfire burned areas, are now leading to substantial abrupt landscape alterations. These outcomes are forcing forest planners and managers to identify strategies that can modify future outcomes that are ecologically and/or socially undesirable. Past forest management, including widespread harvest of fire- and climate-tolerant large old trees and old forests, fire exclusion (both Indigenous and lightning ignitions), and highly effective wildfire suppression have contributed to the current state of wNA forests. These practices were successful at meeting short-term demands, but they match poorly to modern realities. Hagmann et al. review a century of observations and multi-scale, multi-proxy, research evidence that details widespread changes in forested landscapes and wildfire regimes since the influx of European colonists. Over the preceding 10 millennia, large areas of wNA were already settled and proactively managed with intentional burning by Indigenous tribes. Prichard et al. then review the research on management practices historically applied by Indigenous tribes and currently applied by some managers to intentionally manage forests for resilient conditions. They address 10 questions surrounding the application and relevance of these management practices. Here, we highlight the main findings of both papers and offer recommendations for management. We discuss progress paralysis that often occurs with strict adherence to the precautionary principle; offer insights for dealing with the common problem of irreducible uncertainty and suggestions for reframing management and policy direction; and identify key knowledge gaps and research needs.Forest landscapes across western North America (wNA) have experienced extensive changes over the last two centuries, while climatic warming has become a global reality over the last four decades. Resulting interactions between historical increases in forested area and density and recent rapid warming, increasing insect mortality, and wildfire burned areas, are now leading to substantial abrupt landscape alterations. These outcomes are forcing forest planners and managers to identify strategies that can modify future outcomes that are ecologically and/or socially undesirable. Past forest management, including widespread harvest of fire- and climate-tolerant large old trees and old forests, fire exclusion (both Indigenous and lightning ignitions), and highly effective wildfire suppression have contributed to the current state of wNA forests. These practices were successful at meeting short-term demands, but they match poorly to modern realities. Hagmann et al. review a century of observations and multi-scale, multi-proxy, research evidence that details widespread changes in forested landscapes and wildfire regimes since the influx of European colonists. Over the preceding 10 millennia, large areas of wNA were already settled and proactively managed with intentional burning by Indigenous tribes. Prichard et al. then review the research on management practices historically applied by Indigenous tribes and currently applied by some managers to intentionally manage forests for resilient conditions. They address 10 questions surrounding the application and relevance of these management practices. Here, we highlight the main findings of both papers and offer recommendations for management. We discuss progress paralysis that often occurs with strict adherence to the precautionary principle; offer insights for dealing with the common problem of irreducible uncertainty and suggestions for reframing management and policy direction; and identify key knowledge gaps and research needs. Forest landscapes across western North America (wNA) have experienced extensive changes over the last two centuries, while climatic warming has become a global reality over the last four decades. Resulting interactions between historical increases in forested area and density and recent rapid warming, increasing insect mortality, and wildfire burned areas, are now leading to substantial abrupt landscape alterations. These outcomes are forcing forest planners and managers to identify strategies that can modify future outcomes that are ecologically and/or socially undesirable. Past forest management, including widespread harvest of fire- and climate-tolerant large old trees and old forests, fire exclusion (both Indigenous and lightning ignitions), and highly effective wildfire suppression have contributed to the current state of wNA forests. These practices were successful at meeting short-term demands, but they match poorly to modern realities. Hagmann et al. review a century of observations and multiscale, multi-proxy, research evidence that details widespread changes in forested landscapes and wildfire regimes since the influx of European colonists. Over the preceding 10 millennia, large areas of wNA were already settled and proactively managed with intentional burning by Indigenous tribes. Prichard et al. then review the research on management practices historically applied by Indigenous tribes and currently applied by some managers to intentionally manage forests for resilient conditions. They address 10 questions surrounding the application and relevance of these management practices. Here, we highlight the main findings of both papers and offer recommendations for management. We discuss progress paralysis that often occurs with strict adherence to the precautionary principle; offer insights for dealing with the common problem of irreducible uncertainty and suggestions for reframing management and policy direction; and identify key knowledge gaps and research needs. Forest landscapes across western North America (wNA) have experienced extensive changes over the last two centuries, while climatic warming has become a global reality over the last four decades. Resulting interactions between historical increases in forested area and density and recent rapid warming, increasing insect mortality, and wildfire burned areas, are now leading to substantial abrupt landscape alterations. These outcomes are forcing forest planners and managers to identify strategies that can modify future outcomes that are ecologically and/or socially undesirable. Past forest management, including widespread harvest of fire‐ and climate‐tolerant large old trees and old forests, fire exclusion (both Indigenous and lightning ignitions), and highly effective wildfire suppression have contributed to the current state of wNA forests. These practices were successful at meeting short‐term demands, but they match poorly to modern realities. Hagmann et al. review a century of observations and multi‐scale, multi‐proxy, research evidence that details widespread changes in forested landscapes and wildfire regimes since the influx of European colonists. Over the preceding 10 millennia, large areas of wNA were already settled and proactively managed with intentional burning by Indigenous tribes. Prichard et al. then review the research on management practices historically applied by Indigenous tribes and currently applied by some managers to intentionally manage forests for resilient conditions. They address 10 questions surrounding the application and relevance of these management practices. Here, we highlight the main findings of both papers and offer recommendations for management. We discuss progress paralysis that often occurs with strict adherence to the precautionary principle ; offer insights for dealing with the common problem of irreducible uncertainty and suggestions for reframing management and policy direction; and identify key knowledge gaps and research needs. |
| Author | Prichard, Susan J. Hessburg, Paul F. Povak, Nicholas A. Hagmann, R. Keala Lake, Frank K. |
| AuthorAffiliation | 3 Applegate Forestry LLC Corvallis Oregon 97330 USA 5 USDA‐FS, Pacific Southwest Research Station 1700 Bayview Drive Arcata California 95521 USA 4 USDA‐FS, Pacific Southwest Research Station 2480 Carson Road Placerville California 95667 USA 2 College of the Environment‐SEFS University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA 1 USDA‐FS, Pacific Northwest Research Station 1133 N. Western Avenue Wenatchee Washington 98801 USA |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 College of the Environment‐SEFS University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA – name: 4 USDA‐FS, Pacific Southwest Research Station 2480 Carson Road Placerville California 95667 USA – name: 1 USDA‐FS, Pacific Northwest Research Station 1133 N. Western Avenue Wenatchee Washington 98801 USA – name: 3 Applegate Forestry LLC Corvallis Oregon 97330 USA – name: 5 USDA‐FS, Pacific Southwest Research Station 1700 Bayview Drive Arcata California 95521 USA |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Paul F. surname: Hessburg fullname: Hessburg, Paul F. – sequence: 2 givenname: Susan J. surname: Prichard fullname: Prichard, Susan J. – sequence: 3 givenname: R. Keala surname: Hagmann fullname: Hagmann, R. Keala – sequence: 4 givenname: Nicholas A. surname: Povak fullname: Povak, Nicholas A. – sequence: 5 givenname: Frank K. surname: Lake fullname: Lake, Frank K. |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34339086$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2021 The Authors 2021 The Authors. published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Ecological Society of America. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA 2021 The Authors. Ecological Applications published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Ecological Society of America. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA. Copyright Ecological Society of America Dec 2021 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2021 The Authors – notice: 2021 The Authors. published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Ecological Society of America. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA – notice: 2021 The Authors. Ecological Applications published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Ecological Society of America. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA. – notice: Copyright Ecological Society of America Dec 2021 |
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| Keywords | Climate Change and Western Wildfires wildfire regime changes landscape resilience social-ecological systems climate warming forest landscape changes Indigenous fire use landscape realignment landscape resistance |
| Language | English |
| License | Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2021 The Authors. Ecological Applications published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Ecological Society of America. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA. This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. |
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| Snippet | Forest landscapes across western North America (wNA) have experienced extensive changes over the last two centuries, while climatic warming has become a global... |
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| SubjectTerms | Burning Climate adaptation Climate Change Climate Change and Western Wildfires climate warming Fires forest landscape changes Forest management Forests Global warming Indigenous fire use Insects INVITED FEATURE: CLIMATE CHANGE AND WESTERN WILDFIRES issues and policy Landscape landscape realignment landscape resilience landscape resistance landscapes lightning mortality North America Paralysis Precautionary principle social‐ecological systems Trees uncertainty wildfire regime changes Wildfires |
| Subtitle | a case for intentional management |
| Title | Wildfire and climate change adaptation of western North American forests |
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