Microbial ferric iron reductases

Almost all organisms require iron for enzymes involved in essential cellular reactions. Aerobic microbes living at neutral or alkaline pH encounter poor iron availability due to the insolubility of ferric iron. Assimilatory ferric reductases are essential components of the iron assimilatory pathway...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:FEMS microbiology reviews Vol. 27; no. 2; pp. 427 - 447
Main Authors: Schröder, Imke, Johnson, Eric, de Vries, Simon
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Oxford, UK Elsevier B.V 01.06.2003
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Oxford University Press
Subjects:
Archaea
Archaea - enzymology
Archaeal Proteins - analysis
Archaeoglobus fulgidus
Archaeoglobus fulgidus - metabolism
Bacteria
Bacteria - cytology
Bacteria - enzymology
Bacteria - metabolism
Dissimilatory iron reductase
Enzymes
Ferric iron reductase
Flavin
Flavin reductase
FMN Reductase - metabolism
Fre
Iron
Iron - chemistry
Iron - metabolism
Iron assimilation
Iron cycle
Iron-reducing bacteria
Microorganisms
Models, Biological
Oxidation-Reduction
Physiology
Protein Structure, Tertiary
Reductases
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Shewanella - genetics
Shewanella - metabolism
Structure-function relationships
Yeast
Yeasts - cytology
Yeasts - enzymology
Yeasts - metabolism
Iron assimilation
Ferric iron reductase
Archaeoglobus fulgidus
Fre
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Dissimilatory iron reductase
Iron cycle
Flavin reductase
ISSN:0168-6445, 1574-6976, 1574-6976
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Almost all organisms require iron for enzymes involved in essential cellular reactions. Aerobic microbes living at neutral or alkaline pH encounter poor iron availability due to the insolubility of ferric iron. Assimilatory ferric reductases are essential components of the iron assimilatory pathway that generate the more soluble ferrous iron, which is then incorporated into cellular proteins. Dissimilatory ferric reductases are essential terminal reductases of the iron respiratory pathway in iron-reducing bacteria. While our understanding of dissimilatory ferric reductases is still limited, it is clear that these enzymes are distinct from the assimilatory-type ferric reductases. Research over the last 10 years has revealed that most bacterial assimilatory ferric reductases are flavin reductases, which can serve several physiological roles. This article reviews the physiological function and structure of assimilatory and dissimilatory ferric reductases present in the Bacteria, Archaea and Yeast. Ferric reductases do not form a single family, but appear to be distinct enzymes suggesting that several independent strategies for iron reduction may have evolved.
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ISSN:0168-6445
1574-6976
1574-6976
DOI:10.1016/S0168-6445(03)00043-3