Drosophila pachea asymmetric lobes are part of a grasping device and stabilize one-sided mating

Background Multiple animal species exhibit morphological asymmetries in male genitalia. In insects, left-right genital asymmetries evolved many times independently and have been proposed to appear in response to changes in mating position. However, little is known about the relationship between mati...

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Vydáno v:	BMC evolutionary biology Ročník 16; číslo 1; s. 176
Hlavní autoři:	Rhebergen, Flor T., Courtier-Orgogozo, Virginie, Dumont, Julien, Schilthuizen, Menno, Lang, Michael
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	London BioMed Central 01.09.2016 BioMed Central Ltd
Témata:	Abdomen - anatomy & histology Animal biology Animal Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography Animals Biological Evolution Biomechanical Phenomena Biomedical and Life Sciences Copulation - physiology Courtship of animals Drosophila Drosophila - anatomy & histology Drosophila - physiology Drosophila - ultrastructure Entomology Evolutionary Biology Female Genetics and Population Dynamics Genitalia, Female - anatomy & histology Genitalia, Female - ultrastructure Genitalia, Male - anatomy & histology Genitalia, Male - ultrastructure Invertebrate Zoology Life Sciences Male Morphology (Animals) Mutation - genetics Physiological aspects Reproduction Reproductive Biology Research Article Sexual Behavior, Animal - physiology Sexual reproduction Time Factors Mating position Genitalia Left-right asymmetry Epandrial lobe Micro-surgery Laser ablation species group Drosophila pachea Nannoptera species group
ISSN:	1471-2148, 1471-2148
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Abstract	Background Multiple animal species exhibit morphological asymmetries in male genitalia. In insects, left-right genital asymmetries evolved many times independently and have been proposed to appear in response to changes in mating position. However, little is known about the relationship between mating position and the interaction of male and female genitalia during mating, and functional analyses of asymmetric morphologies in genitalia are virtually non-existent. We investigated the relationship between mating position, asymmetric genital morphology and genital coupling in the fruit fly Drosophila pachea , in which males possess an asymmetric pair of external genital lobes and mate in an unusual right-sided position on top of the female. Results We examined D. pachea copulation by video recording and by scanning electron microscopy of genital complexes. We observed that the interlocking of male and female genital organs in D. pachea is remarkably different from genital coupling in the well-studied D. melanogaster . In D. pachea , the female oviscapt valves are asymmetrically twisted during copulation. The male’s asymmetric lobes tightly grasp the female’s abdomen in an asymmetric ‘locking’ position, with the left and right lobes contacting different female structures. The male anal plates, which grasp the female genitalia in D. melanogaster , do not contact the female in D. pachea . Experimental lobe amputation by micro-surgery and laser-ablation of lobe bristles led to aberrant coupling of genitalia and variable mating positions, in which the male was tilted towards the right side of the female. Conclusion We describe, for the first time, how the mating position depends on coupling of male and female genitalia in a species with asymmetric genitalia and one-sided mating position. Our results show that D. pachea asymmetric epandrial lobes do not act as a compensatory mechanism for the change from symmetric to one-sided mating position that occurred during evolution of D. pachea ’s ancestors, but as holding devices with distinct specialized functions on the left and right sides.
AbstractList	Background: Multiple animal species exhibit morphological asymmetries in male genitalia. In insects, left-right genital asymmetries evolved many times independently and have been proposed to appear in response to changes in mating position. However, little is known about the relationship between mating position and the interaction of male and female genitalia during mating, and functional analyses of asymmetric morphologies in genitalia are virtually non-existent. We investigated the relationship between mating position, asymmetric genital morphology and genital coupling in the fruit fly Drosophila pachea, in which males possess an asymmetric pair of external genital lobes and mate in an unusual right-sided position on top of the female.Results: We examined D. pachea copulation by video recording and by scanning electron microscopy of genital complexes. We observed that the interlocking of male and female genital organs in D. pachea is remarkably different from genital coupling in the well-studied D. melanogaster. In D. pachea, the female oviscapt valves are asymmetrically twisted during copulation. The male’s asymmetric lobes tightly grasp the female’s abdomen in an asymmetric ‘locking’ position, with the left and right lobes contacting different female structures. The male anal plates, which grasp the female genitalia in D. melanogaster, do not contact the female in D. pachea. Experimental lobe amputation by micro-surgery and laser-ablation of lobe bristles led to aberrant coupling of genitalia and variable mating positions, in which the male was tilted towards the right side of the female.Conclusion: We describe, for the first time, how the mating position depends on coupling of male and female genitalia in a species with asymmetric genitalia and one-sided mating position. Our results show that D. pachea asymmetric epandrial lobes do not act as a compensatory mechanism for the change from symmetric to one-sided mating position that occurred during evolution of D. pachea’s ancestors, but as holding devices with distinct specialized functions on the left and right sides. Multiple animal species exhibit morphological asymmetries in male genitalia. In insects, left-right genital asymmetries evolved many times independently and have been proposed to appear in response to changes in mating position. However, little is known about the relationship between mating position and the interaction of male and female genitalia during mating, and functional analyses of asymmetric morphologies in genitalia are virtually non-existent. We investigated the relationship between mating position, asymmetric genital morphology and genital coupling in the fruit fly Drosophila pachea, in which males possess an asymmetric pair of external genital lobes and mate in an unusual right-sided position on top of the female. We examined D. pachea copulation by video recording and by scanning electron microscopy of genital complexes. We observed that the interlocking of male and female genital organs in D. pachea is remarkably different from genital coupling in the well-studied D. melanogaster. In D. pachea, the female oviscapt valves are asymmetrically twisted during copulation. The male's asymmetric lobes tightly grasp the female's abdomen in an asymmetric 'locking' position, with the left and right lobes contacting different female structures. The male anal plates, which grasp the female genitalia in D. melanogaster, do not contact the female in D. pachea. Experimental lobe amputation by micro-surgery and laser-ablation of lobe bristles led to aberrant coupling of genitalia and variable mating positions, in which the male was tilted towards the right side of the female. We describe, for the first time, how the mating position depends on coupling of male and female genitalia in a species with asymmetric genitalia and one-sided mating position. Our results show that D. pachea asymmetric epandrial lobes do not act as a compensatory mechanism for the change from symmetric to one-sided mating position that occurred during evolution of D. pachea's ancestors, but as holding devices with distinct specialized functions on the left and right sides. Multiple animal species exhibit morphological asymmetries in male genitalia. In insects, left-right genital asymmetries evolved many times independently and have been proposed to appear in response to changes in mating position. However, little is known about the relationship between mating position and the interaction of male and female genitalia during mating, and functional analyses of asymmetric morphologies in genitalia are virtually non-existent. We investigated the relationship between mating position, asymmetric genital morphology and genital coupling in the fruit fly Drosophila pachea, in which males possess an asymmetric pair of external genital lobes and mate in an unusual right-sided position on top of the female.BACKGROUNDMultiple animal species exhibit morphological asymmetries in male genitalia. In insects, left-right genital asymmetries evolved many times independently and have been proposed to appear in response to changes in mating position. However, little is known about the relationship between mating position and the interaction of male and female genitalia during mating, and functional analyses of asymmetric morphologies in genitalia are virtually non-existent. We investigated the relationship between mating position, asymmetric genital morphology and genital coupling in the fruit fly Drosophila pachea, in which males possess an asymmetric pair of external genital lobes and mate in an unusual right-sided position on top of the female.We examined D. pachea copulation by video recording and by scanning electron microscopy of genital complexes. We observed that the interlocking of male and female genital organs in D. pachea is remarkably different from genital coupling in the well-studied D. melanogaster. In D. pachea, the female oviscapt valves are asymmetrically twisted during copulation. The male's asymmetric lobes tightly grasp the female's abdomen in an asymmetric 'locking' position, with the left and right lobes contacting different female structures. The male anal plates, which grasp the female genitalia in D. melanogaster, do not contact the female in D. pachea. Experimental lobe amputation by micro-surgery and laser-ablation of lobe bristles led to aberrant coupling of genitalia and variable mating positions, in which the male was tilted towards the right side of the female.RESULTSWe examined D. pachea copulation by video recording and by scanning electron microscopy of genital complexes. We observed that the interlocking of male and female genital organs in D. pachea is remarkably different from genital coupling in the well-studied D. melanogaster. In D. pachea, the female oviscapt valves are asymmetrically twisted during copulation. The male's asymmetric lobes tightly grasp the female's abdomen in an asymmetric 'locking' position, with the left and right lobes contacting different female structures. The male anal plates, which grasp the female genitalia in D. melanogaster, do not contact the female in D. pachea. Experimental lobe amputation by micro-surgery and laser-ablation of lobe bristles led to aberrant coupling of genitalia and variable mating positions, in which the male was tilted towards the right side of the female.We describe, for the first time, how the mating position depends on coupling of male and female genitalia in a species with asymmetric genitalia and one-sided mating position. Our results show that D. pachea asymmetric epandrial lobes do not act as a compensatory mechanism for the change from symmetric to one-sided mating position that occurred during evolution of D. pachea's ancestors, but as holding devices with distinct specialized functions on the left and right sides.CONCLUSIONWe describe, for the first time, how the mating position depends on coupling of male and female genitalia in a species with asymmetric genitalia and one-sided mating position. Our results show that D. pachea asymmetric epandrial lobes do not act as a compensatory mechanism for the change from symmetric to one-sided mating position that occurred during evolution of D. pachea's ancestors, but as holding devices with distinct specialized functions on the left and right sides. Background Multiple animal species exhibit morphological asymmetries in male genitalia. In insects, left-right genital asymmetries evolved many times independently and have been proposed to appear in response to changes in mating position. However, little is known about the relationship between mating position and the interaction of male and female genitalia during mating, and functional analyses of asymmetric morphologies in genitalia are virtually non-existent. We investigated the relationship between mating position, asymmetric genital morphology and genital coupling in the fruit fly Drosophila pachea , in which males possess an asymmetric pair of external genital lobes and mate in an unusual right-sided position on top of the female. Results We examined D. pachea copulation by video recording and by scanning electron microscopy of genital complexes. We observed that the interlocking of male and female genital organs in D. pachea is remarkably different from genital coupling in the well-studied D. melanogaster . In D. pachea , the female oviscapt valves are asymmetrically twisted during copulation. The male’s asymmetric lobes tightly grasp the female’s abdomen in an asymmetric ‘locking’ position, with the left and right lobes contacting different female structures. The male anal plates, which grasp the female genitalia in D. melanogaster , do not contact the female in D. pachea . Experimental lobe amputation by micro-surgery and laser-ablation of lobe bristles led to aberrant coupling of genitalia and variable mating positions, in which the male was tilted towards the right side of the female. Conclusion We describe, for the first time, how the mating position depends on coupling of male and female genitalia in a species with asymmetric genitalia and one-sided mating position. Our results show that D. pachea asymmetric epandrial lobes do not act as a compensatory mechanism for the change from symmetric to one-sided mating position that occurred during evolution of D. pachea ’s ancestors, but as holding devices with distinct specialized functions on the left and right sides.
ArticleNumber	176
Audience	Academic
Author	Dumont, Julien Rhebergen, Flor T. Schilthuizen, Menno Lang, Michael Courtier-Orgogozo, Virginie
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Keywords	Mating position Genitalia Left-right asymmetry Epandrial lobe Micro-surgery Laser ablation species group Drosophila pachea Nannoptera species group
Language	English
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Snippet	Background Multiple animal species exhibit morphological asymmetries in male genitalia. In insects, left-right genital asymmetries evolved many times... Multiple animal species exhibit morphological asymmetries in male genitalia. In insects, left-right genital asymmetries evolved many times independently and... Background: Multiple animal species exhibit morphological asymmetries in male genitalia. In insects, left-right genital asymmetries evolved many times...
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SubjectTerms	Abdomen - anatomy & histology Animal biology Animal Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography Animals Biological Evolution Biomechanical Phenomena Biomedical and Life Sciences Copulation - physiology Courtship of animals Drosophila Drosophila - anatomy & histology Drosophila - physiology Drosophila - ultrastructure Entomology Evolutionary Biology Female Genetics and Population Dynamics Genitalia, Female - anatomy & histology Genitalia, Female - ultrastructure Genitalia, Male - anatomy & histology Genitalia, Male - ultrastructure Invertebrate Zoology Life Sciences Male Morphology (Animals) Mutation - genetics Physiological aspects Reproduction Reproductive Biology Research Article Sexual Behavior, Animal - physiology Sexual reproduction Time Factors
Title	Drosophila pachea asymmetric lobes are part of a grasping device and stabilize one-sided mating
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