Arginine metabolism and nutrition in growth, health and disease

l-Arginine (Arg) is synthesised from glutamine, glutamate, and proline via the intestinal-renal axis in humans and most other mammals (including pigs, sheep and rats). Arg degradation occurs via multiple pathways that are initiated by arginase, nitric-oxide synthase, Arg:glycine amidinotransferase,...

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Podrobná bibliografia
Vydané v:	Amino acids Ročník 37; číslo 1; s. 153 - 168
Hlavní autori:	Wu, Guoyao, Bazer, Fuller W, Davis, Teresa A, Kim, Sung Woo, Li, Peng, Marc Rhoads, J, Carey Satterfield, M, Smith, Stephen B, Spencer, Thomas E, Yin, Yulong
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Vienna Vienna : Springer Vienna 01.05.2009 Springer Vienna Springer Nature B.V
Predmet:	Agmatine Amino acids Ammonia Analytical Chemistry Animals Arginase Arginine Arginine - metabolism Biochemical Engineering Biochemistry Biomedical and Life Sciences Central nervous system Citrulline clinical trials Creatine Cystic Fibrosis - metabolism Detoxification diabetes Diabetes mellitus dietary supplements Disease Energy metabolism Energy resources essential amino acids Feed additives Fetal Development Fetuses gastrointestinal system glutamic acid Glutamine Glycine Glycine amidinotransferase Hemodynamics Humans insulin resistance Intravenous administration intravenous injection Life Sciences liver Metabolic disorders Metabolic syndrome Metabolic Syndrome - metabolism Metabolism Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism Neonates Neoplasms - metabolism Neurobiology Nitric oxide Nitric-oxide synthase Nutrition research Nutritional Requirements obesity Obesity - metabolism Polyamines Proline Proteomics rats Reproduction Review Article sheep Spermatogenesis swine tissue repair toxicity Wound healing Wounds and Injuries - metabolism Physiology Arginine Disease Nutrition Health
ISSN:	0939-4451, 1438-2199, 1438-2199
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Popis
Shrnutí:	l-Arginine (Arg) is synthesised from glutamine, glutamate, and proline via the intestinal-renal axis in humans and most other mammals (including pigs, sheep and rats). Arg degradation occurs via multiple pathways that are initiated by arginase, nitric-oxide synthase, Arg:glycine amidinotransferase, and Arg decarboxylase. These pathways produce nitric oxide, polyamines, proline, glutamate, creatine, and agmatine with each having enormous biological importance. Arg is also required for the detoxification of ammonia, which is an extremely toxic substance for the central nervous system. There is compelling evidence that Arg regulates interorgan metabolism of energy substrates and the function of multiple organs. The results of both experimental and clinical studies indicate that Arg is a nutritionally essential amino acid (AA) for spermatogenesis, embryonic survival, fetal and neonatal growth, as well as maintenance of vascular tone and hemodynamics. Moreover, a growing body of evidence clearly indicates that dietary supplementation or intravenous administration of Arg is beneficial in improving reproductive, cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal, gastrointestinal, liver and immune functions, as well as facilitating wound healing, enhancing insulin sensitivity, and maintaining tissue integrity. Additionally, Arg or l-citrulline may provide novel and effective therapies for obesity, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome. The effect of Arg in treating many developmental and health problems is unique among AAs, and offers great promise for improved health and wellbeing of humans and animals.
Bibliografia:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00726-008-0210-y ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 ObjectType-Review-3
ISSN:	0939-4451 1438-2199 1438-2199
DOI:	10.1007/s00726-008-0210-y