Mycobacterium genavense in the Netherlands: an opportunistic pathogen in HIV and non-HIV immunocompromised patients. An observational study in 14 cases

Mycobacterium genavense is an opportunistic non-tuberculous mycobacterium previously mostly associated with HIV-infected patients with CD4 counts below 100/µL. In this retrospective observational study of medical charts we studied all Dutch patients in whom M. genavense was detected between January...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Clinical microbiology and infection Vol. 19; no. 5; pp. 432 - 437
Main Authors: Hoefsloot, W., van Ingen, J., Peters, E.J.G., Magis-Escurra, C., Dekhuijzen, P.N.R., Boeree, M.J., van Soolingen, D.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Oxford, UK Elsevier Ltd 01.05.2013
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Elsevier Limited
Subjects:
Adult
Aged
Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use
Clinical relevance
Female
Human immunodeficiency virus
Humans
Immunocompromised Host
Lymphoma
Male
Middle Aged
Mycobacterium
Mycobacterium - classification
Mycobacterium - isolation & purification
Mycobacterium genavense
Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous - drug therapy
Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous - epidemiology
Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous - microbiology
Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous - mortality
Netherlands - epidemiology
non-tuberculous mycobacteria
Observational studies
opportunistic infections
Opportunistic Infections - drug therapy
Opportunistic Infections - epidemiology
Opportunistic Infections - microbiology
Opportunistic Infections - mortality
Pathogens
Retrospective Studies
Survival Analysis
Treatment Outcome
Netherlands
opportunistic infections
non-tuberculous mycobacteria
Mycobacterium genavense
Clinical relevance
ISSN:1198-743X, 1469-0691, 1469-0691
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Mycobacterium genavense is an opportunistic non-tuberculous mycobacterium previously mostly associated with HIV-infected patients with CD4 counts below 100/µL. In this retrospective observational study of medical charts we studied all Dutch patients in whom M. genavense was detected between January 2002 and January 2010. Of the 14 patients identified, 13 (93%) showed clinically relevant M. genavense disease. All patients with M. genavense disease were severely immunocompromised, including HIV-infected patients, solid organ transplant recipients, those with chronic steroid use in combination with other immune modulating drugs, recipients of chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and those with immunodeficiency syndromes. Two patients had non-disseminated pulmonary M. genavense disease. Of the 12 patients treated, eight (75%) showed a favourable outcome. Four patients died in this study, three despite treatment for M. genavense disease. We conclude that M. genavense is a clinically relevant pathogen in severely immunocompromised patients that causes predominantly disseminated disease with serious morbidity and mortality. M. genavense is increasingly seen among non-HIV immunocompromised patients.
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ISSN:1198-743X
1469-0691
1469-0691
DOI:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2012.03817.x