Bergamot (Citrus bergamia): A Potential New Nutraceutical Against Cellular and Physiological Alterations Induced by Emerging Contaminants in Sentinel Organisms

Nutraceuticals are gaining research interest due to their beneficial potential and their use to counter the impact of emerging contaminants on natural ecosystems. Particularly, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of personal hygiene/care products and disinfectants increased significantly. These pr...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Antioxidants Vol. 14; no. 5; p. 539
Main Authors: Impellitteri, Federica, Multisanti, Cristiana Roberta, Riolo, Kristian, Zicarelli, Giorgia, Porretti, Miriam, Cafeo, Giovanna, Russo, Marina, Dugo, Paola, Di Bella, Giuseppa, Piccione, Giuseppe, Giannetto, Alessia, Faggio, Caterina
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 30.04.2025
MDPI
Subjects:
Antimicrobial activity
Aquatic ecosystems
aquatic environment
Cardiovascular disease
Carotenoids
Cell viability
Citrus
Citrus bergamia
Citrus fruits
Cleaning compounds
Contaminants
COVID-19
Cultural heritage
cytotoxicity
Detergents
Disinfectants
Ecosystems
emerging contaminants
Fatty acids
Functional foods
Functional foods & nutraceuticals
gene expression
Gills
Hemocytes
Hsp70 protein
Hygiene
Lipids
Mollusks
nutraceuticals
Oils & fats
Organisms
Phagocytes
Physiological aspects
Physiology
Plant extracts
Sodium lauryl sulfate
Surface active agents
Surfactants
Tocopherols
Toxicity
Italy
Germany
Citrus bergamia
aquatic environment
nutraceuticals
cytotoxicity
gene expression
emerging contaminants
ISSN:2076-3921, 2076-3921
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Abstract Nutraceuticals are gaining research interest due to their beneficial potential and their use to counter the impact of emerging contaminants on natural ecosystems. Particularly, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of personal hygiene/care products and disinfectants increased significantly. These products contain several substances in their formulations, including surfactants, which have proven to be hazardous to the entire aquatic ecosystem. In the present study, bergamot (Citrus bergamia) peel extract was used as a nutraceutical to counteract the toxicity of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS), a common anionic detergent with antimicrobial activity. Specimens of Mytilus galloprovincialis, were exposed to SLS (0.01 mg/L), bergamot peels’ extract (BRG: 5 mg/L), and their mixture for 14 days. The cellular and physiological alterations in haemocytes, digestive gland (DG) and gill cells were analysed. The analyses included cell viability of haemocytes and DG cells (trypan blue exclusion assay and the neutral red retention test); the ability of DG cells to regulate their volume (RVD); haemocyte phagocytic activity; expression of genes involved in antioxidant response (Cu/ZnSOD, MnSOD, Hsp70, and CYP4Y) on gills and DG; the energy efficiency of the organism through byssus production; and the measurement of key macromolecules, including total lipid and fatty acid content, total protein, tocopherols and carotenoids, which play a key role in maintaining physiological and metabolic functions in the organism. Overall, significant differences emerged between the control (CTR) and treated groups, with the CTR and BRG groups resembling each other, while the SLS-treated groups showed significant alterations. Meanwhile, the groups exposed to the combination showed a recovery, suggesting the potential beneficial effect of the BRG.
AbstractList Nutraceuticals are gaining research interest due to their beneficial potential and their use to counter the impact of emerging contaminants on natural ecosystems. Particularly, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of personal hygiene/care products and disinfectants increased significantly. These products contain several substances in their formulations, including surfactants, which have proven to be hazardous to the entire aquatic ecosystem. In the present study, bergamot (Citrus bergamia) peel extract was used as a nutraceutical to counteract the toxicity of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS), a common anionic detergent with antimicrobial activity. Specimens of Mytilus galloprovincialis, were exposed to SLS (0.01 mg/L), bergamot peels’ extract (BRG: 5 mg/L), and their mixture for 14 days. The cellular and physiological alterations in haemocytes, digestive gland (DG) and gill cells were analysed. The analyses included cell viability of haemocytes and DG cells (trypan blue exclusion assay and the neutral red retention test); the ability of DG cells to regulate their volume (RVD); haemocyte phagocytic activity; expression of genes involved in antioxidant response (Cu/ZnSOD, MnSOD, Hsp70, and CYP4Y) on gills and DG; the energy efficiency of the organism through byssus production; and the measurement of key macromolecules, including total lipid and fatty acid content, total protein, tocopherols and carotenoids, which play a key role in maintaining physiological and metabolic functions in the organism. Overall, significant differences emerged between the control (CTR) and treated groups, with the CTR and BRG groups resembling each other, while the SLS-treated groups showed significant alterations. Meanwhile, the groups exposed to the combination showed a recovery, suggesting the potential beneficial effect of the BRG.
Nutraceuticals are gaining research interest due to their beneficial potential and their use to counter the impact of emerging contaminants on natural ecosystems. Particularly, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of personal hygiene/care products and disinfectants increased significantly. These products contain several substances in their formulations, including surfactants, which have proven to be hazardous to the entire aquatic ecosystem. In the present study, bergamot (Citrus bergamia) peel extract was used as a nutraceutical to counteract the toxicity of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS), a common anionic detergent with antimicrobial activity. Specimens of Mytilus galloprovincialis, were exposed to SLS (0.01 mg/L), bergamot peels' extract (BRG: 5 mg/L), and their mixture for 14 days. The cellular and physiological alterations in haemocytes, digestive gland (DG) and gill cells were analysed. The analyses included cell viability of haemocytes and DG cells (trypan blue exclusion assay and the neutral red retention test); the ability of DG cells to regulate their volume (RVD); haemocyte phagocytic activity; expression of genes involved in antioxidant response (Cu/ZnSOD, MnSOD, Hsp70, and CYP4Y) on gills and DG; the energy efficiency of the organism through byssus production; and the measurement of key macromolecules, including total lipid and fatty acid content, total protein, tocopherols and carotenoids, which play a key role in maintaining physiological and metabolic functions in the organism. Overall, significant differences emerged between the control (CTR) and treated groups, with the CTR and BRG groups resembling each other, while the SLS-treated groups showed significant alterations. Meanwhile, the groups exposed to the combination showed a recovery, suggesting the potential beneficial effect of the BRG.Nutraceuticals are gaining research interest due to their beneficial potential and their use to counter the impact of emerging contaminants on natural ecosystems. Particularly, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of personal hygiene/care products and disinfectants increased significantly. These products contain several substances in their formulations, including surfactants, which have proven to be hazardous to the entire aquatic ecosystem. In the present study, bergamot (Citrus bergamia) peel extract was used as a nutraceutical to counteract the toxicity of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS), a common anionic detergent with antimicrobial activity. Specimens of Mytilus galloprovincialis, were exposed to SLS (0.01 mg/L), bergamot peels' extract (BRG: 5 mg/L), and their mixture for 14 days. The cellular and physiological alterations in haemocytes, digestive gland (DG) and gill cells were analysed. The analyses included cell viability of haemocytes and DG cells (trypan blue exclusion assay and the neutral red retention test); the ability of DG cells to regulate their volume (RVD); haemocyte phagocytic activity; expression of genes involved in antioxidant response (Cu/ZnSOD, MnSOD, Hsp70, and CYP4Y) on gills and DG; the energy efficiency of the organism through byssus production; and the measurement of key macromolecules, including total lipid and fatty acid content, total protein, tocopherols and carotenoids, which play a key role in maintaining physiological and metabolic functions in the organism. Overall, significant differences emerged between the control (CTR) and treated groups, with the CTR and BRG groups resembling each other, while the SLS-treated groups showed significant alterations. Meanwhile, the groups exposed to the combination showed a recovery, suggesting the potential beneficial effect of the BRG.
Nutraceuticals are gaining research interest due to their beneficial potential and their use to counter the impact of emerging contaminants on natural ecosystems. Particularly, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of personal hygiene/care products and disinfectants increased significantly. These products contain several substances in their formulations, including surfactants, which have proven to be hazardous to the entire aquatic ecosystem. In the present study, bergamot ( ) peel extract was used as a nutraceutical to counteract the toxicity of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS), a common anionic detergent with antimicrobial activity. Specimens of , were exposed to SLS (0.01 mg/L), bergamot peels' extract (BRG: 5 mg/L), and their mixture for 14 days. The cellular and physiological alterations in haemocytes, digestive gland (DG) and gill cells were analysed. The analyses included cell viability of haemocytes and DG cells (trypan blue exclusion assay and the neutral red retention test); the ability of DG cells to regulate their volume (RVD); haemocyte phagocytic activity; expression of genes involved in antioxidant response ( , and ) on gills and DG; the energy efficiency of the organism through byssus production; and the measurement of key macromolecules, including total lipid and fatty acid content, total protein, tocopherols and carotenoids, which play a key role in maintaining physiological and metabolic functions in the organism. Overall, significant differences emerged between the control (CTR) and treated groups, with the CTR and BRG groups resembling each other, while the SLS-treated groups showed significant alterations. Meanwhile, the groups exposed to the combination showed a recovery, suggesting the potential beneficial effect of the BRG.
Audience Academic
Author Faggio, Caterina
Impellitteri, Federica
Porretti, Miriam
Russo, Marina
Multisanti, Cristiana Roberta
Giannetto, Alessia
Di Bella, Giuseppa
Zicarelli, Giorgia
Dugo, Paola
Riolo, Kristian
Piccione, Giuseppe
Cafeo, Giovanna
AuthorAffiliation 1 Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Giovanni Palatucci SNC, 98168 Messina, Italy; federica.impellitteri@studenti.unime.it (F.I.); cristiana.multisanti@studenti.unime.it (C.R.M.); gpiccione@unime.it (G.P.)
6 Department of Eco-Sustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80100 Naples, Italy
5 Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences, Department of Biomedical, University of Messina, (BIOMORF), 98100 Messina, Italy; giuseppa.dibella@unime.it
4 Messina Institute of Technology c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Giovanni Palatucci SNC, 98168 Messina, Italy; giovanna.cafeo@studenti.unime.it (G.C.); marina.russo@unime.it (M.R.); paola.dugo@unime.it (P.D.)
2 Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; kristian.riolo@unime.it (K.R.); giorgyz@li
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 4 Messina Institute of Technology c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Giovanni Palatucci SNC, 98168 Messina, Italy; giovanna.cafeo@studenti.unime.it (G.C.); marina.russo@unime.it (M.R.); paola.dugo@unime.it (P.D.)
– name: 6 Department of Eco-Sustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80100 Naples, Italy
– name: 3 Auribondo APL Swift Services (Malta) Ltd., HF26, Hal Far Industrial Estate, BBG 3000 Birzebbugia, Malta; miriam.porretti@studenti.unime.it
– name: 1 Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Giovanni Palatucci SNC, 98168 Messina, Italy; federica.impellitteri@studenti.unime.it (F.I.); cristiana.multisanti@studenti.unime.it (C.R.M.); gpiccione@unime.it (G.P.)
– name: 5 Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences, Department of Biomedical, University of Messina, (BIOMORF), 98100 Messina, Italy; giuseppa.dibella@unime.it
– name: 2 Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; kristian.riolo@unime.it (K.R.); giorgyz@live.it (G.Z.)
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Federica
  orcidid: 0000-0003-1694-2281
  surname: Impellitteri
  fullname: Impellitteri, Federica
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Cristiana Roberta
  orcidid: 0000-0002-6283-2502
  surname: Multisanti
  fullname: Multisanti, Cristiana Roberta
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Kristian
  surname: Riolo
  fullname: Riolo, Kristian
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Giorgia
  surname: Zicarelli
  fullname: Zicarelli, Giorgia
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Miriam
  surname: Porretti
  fullname: Porretti, Miriam
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Giovanna
  orcidid: 0009-0006-9080-9269
  surname: Cafeo
  fullname: Cafeo, Giovanna
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Marina
  orcidid: 0000-0002-8229-1010
  surname: Russo
  fullname: Russo, Marina
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Paola
  surname: Dugo
  fullname: Dugo, Paola
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Giuseppa
  orcidid: 0000-0001-8103-6942
  surname: Di Bella
  fullname: Di Bella, Giuseppa
– sequence: 10
  givenname: Giuseppe
  orcidid: 0000-0002-4736-1087
  surname: Piccione
  fullname: Piccione, Giuseppe
– sequence: 11
  givenname: Alessia
  orcidid: 0000-0002-5853-2881
  surname: Giannetto
  fullname: Giannetto, Alessia
– sequence: 12
  givenname: Caterina
  orcidid: 0000-0002-0066-2421
  surname: Faggio
  fullname: Faggio, Caterina
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40427421$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNp1Uk1v1DAUjFARLaVXjsgSl3LY4q_EDhe0rAqsVLWVgLPl2E7qVWIX26HdX8Nfxdnt1yJwDo6e5828sedlsee8M0XxGsETQmr4Xrpk_S2isIQlqZ8VBxiyakZqjPae_O8XRzGuYF41IhzWL4p9CilmFKOD4vcnEzo5-ASOFzaFMYJmU7Dy3QcwB5c-mSwie3BubsD5mIJUZkxW5cq8k9bFBBam78deBiCdBpdX62h977stpE8myDyki2Dp9KiMBs0anA5Zw7oOLLxLWctlIxFYB75NYs704CLP4Gwc4qvieSv7aI7u9sPix-fT74uvs7OLL8vF_GymypKmGWLUNIy2kFaSM10rjnVDSUNhy1pDiaxRyzTXdYM5ryCUCrVYM9yWuKR1ychhsdzyai9X4jrYQYa18NKKTcGHTsiQffdGYMUNJCy3VpBSxGsGpYEY6RZiojDPXB-3XNdjMxitsqkg-x3S3RNnr0TnfwmEEeQUwsxwfMcQ_M_RxCQGG1W-Z-mMH6MgGGHGyqqaxN7-BV35Mbh8VxMKcco5rx9RncwOrGv99JITqZhzSihEJcEZdfIPVP60GazK2Wttru80vHnq9MHifb4ygG4BKvgYg2mFsmkTiMxse4GgmJIsdpP8OMhD2z3zfxr-AGUU9do
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1007_s41208_025_00920_5
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10616_025_00788_6
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scp_2025_102218
crossref_primary_10_3390_fishes10060286
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envpol_2025_127026
Cites_doi 10.20944/preprints202009.0642.v1
10.1016/S0160-4120(02)00032-6
10.1002/jobm.202100477
10.1007/s12011-013-9727-3
10.1016/j.envpol.2007.12.010
10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00660.x
10.1080/11250003.2013.878400
10.3945/jn.111.149138
10.1002/ffj.1949
10.1016/j.jff.2015.10.005
10.20944/preprints202304.0199.v1
10.1016/0305-0491(96)00104-6
10.3390/antiox8010028
10.1002/mnfr.201800322
10.3390/nu13072476
10.3390/nu14142956
10.1016/j.emcon.2023.100205
10.1016/j.etap.2021.103715
10.1201/9781003107583-8
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139273
10.1038/s41545-020-00086-y
10.1002/jssc.201500878
10.1080/19768354.2024.2442389
10.1139/er-2022-0035
10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109644
10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.07.024
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb14903.x
10.3389/fphar.2015.00036
10.1016/j.etap.2023.104132
10.1111/j.1745-4522.1993.tb00238.x
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170568
10.1016/j.jff.2014.04.004
10.1186/s12944-019-1061-0
10.1016/S0065-2881(03)46005-7
10.3354/meps09920
10.3354/meps09559
10.1016/j.fsi.2013.01.011
10.1002/ptr.6469
10.3390/app11167711
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.082
10.1016/j.jff.2014.11.008
10.1111/1541-4337.12787
10.1007/BF00735063
10.1016/S0074-7696(08)61952-X
10.1038/nprot.2012.043
10.1242/dev.202256
10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117631
10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.03.044
10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.06.006
10.1007/s10311-022-01447-4
10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107051
10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102668
10.4137/EHI.S31765
10.46370/sajfte.2015.v01i02.02
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149013
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128058
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright COPYRIGHT 2025 MDPI AG
2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
2025 by the authors. 2025
Copyright_xml – notice: COPYRIGHT 2025 MDPI AG
– notice: 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
– notice: 2025 by the authors. 2025
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
NPM
7QR
7T5
7TO
8FD
8FE
8FH
ABUWG
AFKRA
AZQEC
BBNVY
BENPR
BHPHI
CCPQU
COVID
DWQXO
FR3
GNUQQ
H94
HCIFZ
LK8
M7P
P64
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PKEHL
PQEST
PQGLB
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
7X8
5PM
DOA
DOI 10.3390/antiox14050539
DatabaseName CrossRef
PubMed
Chemoreception Abstracts
Immunology Abstracts
Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts
Technology Research Database
ProQuest SciTech Collection
ProQuest Natural Science Collection
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest Central UK/Ireland
ProQuest Central Essentials - QC
Biological Science Collection
ProQuest Central
Natural Science Collection
ProQuest One
Coronavirus Research Database
ProQuest Central
Engineering Research Database
ProQuest Central Student
AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts
SciTech Premium Collection
Biological Sciences
Biological Science Database (ProQuest)
Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts
ProQuest Central Premium
ProQuest One Academic
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest One Academic (retired)
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central China
MEDLINE - Academic
PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
PubMed
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest Central Student
Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts
Technology Research Database
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Natural Science Collection
ProQuest Central China
ProQuest Central
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
Natural Science Collection
ProQuest Central Korea
Biological Science Collection
AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts
Chemoreception Abstracts
ProQuest Central (New)
ProQuest Biological Science Collection
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
Coronavirus Research Database
Biological Science Database
ProQuest SciTech Collection
Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
Immunology Abstracts
Engineering Research Database
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic (New)
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList
CrossRef
MEDLINE - Academic


Publicly Available Content Database
PubMed
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: DOA
  name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
– sequence: 2
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 3
  dbid: PIMPY
  name: Publicly Available Content Database
  url: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Engineering
EISSN 2076-3921
ExternalDocumentID oai_doaj_org_article_2c8e037f52604418970ae021df023c28
PMC12108400
A843401532
40427421
10_3390_antiox14050539
Genre Journal Article
GeographicLocations Italy
Germany
GeographicLocations_xml – name: Germany
– name: Italy
GroupedDBID 53G
5VS
8FE
8FH
AADQD
AAFWJ
AAHBH
AAYXX
ADBBV
AFFHD
AFKRA
AFPKN
AFZYC
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AOIJS
BBNVY
BCNDV
BENPR
BHPHI
CCPQU
CITATION
GROUPED_DOAJ
HCIFZ
HYE
IAO
IHR
ITC
KQ8
LK8
M48
M7P
MODMG
M~E
OK1
PGMZT
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PQGLB
PROAC
RPM
NPM
PMFND
7QR
7T5
7TO
8FD
ABUWG
AZQEC
COVID
DWQXO
FR3
GNUQQ
H94
P64
PKEHL
PQEST
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
7X8
PUEGO
5PM
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c554t-174eb74f046a87d9c82db43b40f7fe43a91f7d8d9b288600ac1f2d72f52549573
IEDL.DBID DOA
ISICitedReferencesCount 7
ISICitedReferencesURI http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=001495832400001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN 2076-3921
IngestDate Mon Nov 10 05:50:02 EST 2025
Tue Nov 04 02:02:55 EST 2025
Fri Sep 05 16:00:17 EDT 2025
Fri Jul 25 09:39:57 EDT 2025
Tue Nov 11 10:50:27 EST 2025
Tue Nov 04 18:11:43 EST 2025
Sun Jun 01 01:35:40 EDT 2025
Tue Nov 18 20:40:38 EST 2025
Sat Nov 29 07:12:15 EST 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 5
Keywords Citrus bergamia
aquatic environment
nutraceuticals
cytotoxicity
gene expression
emerging contaminants
Language English
License Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c554t-174eb74f046a87d9c82db43b40f7fe43a91f7d8d9b288600ac1f2d72f52549573
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
content type line 23
These authors contributed equally to this work.
ORCID 0009-0006-9080-9269
0000-0001-8103-6942
0000-0002-4736-1087
0000-0002-8229-1010
0000-0002-5853-2881
0000-0002-0066-2421
0000-0002-6283-2502
0000-0003-1694-2281
OpenAccessLink https://doaj.org/article/2c8e037f52604418970ae021df023c28
PMID 40427421
PQID 3211848889
PQPubID 2032435
ParticipantIDs doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_2c8e037f52604418970ae021df023c28
pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_12108400
proquest_miscellaneous_3212775668
proquest_journals_3211848889
gale_infotracmisc_A843401532
gale_infotracacademiconefile_A843401532
pubmed_primary_40427421
crossref_citationtrail_10_3390_antiox14050539
crossref_primary_10_3390_antiox14050539
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2025-04-30
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2025-04-30
PublicationDate_xml – month: 04
  year: 2025
  text: 2025-04-30
  day: 30
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace Switzerland
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Switzerland
– name: Basel
PublicationTitle Antioxidants
PublicationTitleAlternate Antioxidants (Basel)
PublicationYear 2025
Publisher MDPI AG
MDPI
Publisher_xml – name: MDPI AG
– name: MDPI
References Valenzuela (ref_45) 2018; 62
Varghese (ref_4) 2021; 3
Russo (ref_30) 2016; 38
Musolino (ref_11) 2019; 18
Petrunyaka (ref_50) 1982; 2
ref_53
Marteinson (ref_13) 2022; 31
Fokina (ref_43) 2013; 154
Vershinin (ref_48) 1996; 113
Hassan (ref_2) 2022; 62
Oros (ref_17) 2002; 28
Bondi (ref_38) 2015; 9
Rathod (ref_56) 2021; 20
Asio (ref_39) 2023; 9
Navarra (ref_9) 2015; 6
Miglioli (ref_23) 2024; 151
Naserabad (ref_28) 2024; 274
Smital (ref_57) 2004; 552
Gomes (ref_5) 2020; 3
Beyer (ref_21) 2017; 130
ref_22
Impellitteri (ref_36) 2025; 290
ref_20
Kumar (ref_3) 2015; 1
Naseemashahul (ref_27) 2021; 280
Omidkhoda (ref_55) 2019; 33
ref_26
Packer (ref_51) 1989; 570
Nagy (ref_49) 1977; Volume 49
Costa (ref_7) 2010; 25
Wang (ref_58) 2013; 34
Bolognesi (ref_32) 2012; 7
ref_35
Kelly (ref_25) 2012; 446
ref_34
Freeman (ref_59) 1996; 15
Filimonova (ref_41) 2016; 67
Sigurgisladottir (ref_54) 1993; 1
Russo (ref_29) 2014; 9
Boeckx (ref_24) 2012; 465
Dalsgaard (ref_42) 2003; 46
Page (ref_52) 1990; 88
Albergamo (ref_44) 2016; 571
Freitas (ref_16) 2021; 87
Riolo (ref_37) 2025; 29
Impellitteri (ref_61) 2024; 918
ref_46
Russo (ref_10) 2015; 12
Freitas (ref_18) 2023; 100
Lopes (ref_19) 2022; 426
ref_1
Whelan (ref_47) 2012; 142
Salerno (ref_8) 2016; 4
Chirani (ref_15) 2021; 796
Russo (ref_31) 2016; 20
Porretti (ref_33) 2023; 336
Maazouzi (ref_40) 2008; 156
Kumar (ref_12) 2021; 63
Cappello (ref_60) 2014; 81
ref_6
Lichtfouse (ref_14) 2022; 20
References_xml – ident: ref_22
  doi: 10.20944/preprints202009.0642.v1
– volume: 28
  start-page: 337
  year: 2002
  ident: ref_17
  article-title: Biological activity and environmental impact of anionic surfactants
  publication-title: Environ. Int.
  doi: 10.1016/S0160-4120(02)00032-6
– volume: 62
  start-page: 999
  year: 2022
  ident: ref_2
  article-title: Identification and characterization of the novel bioactive compounds from microalgae and cyanobacteria for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications
  publication-title: J. Basic. Microbiol.
  doi: 10.1002/jobm.202100477
– volume: 154
  start-page: 217
  year: 2013
  ident: ref_43
  article-title: Changes of blue mussels Mytilus edulis L. lipid composition under cadmium and copper toxic effect
  publication-title: Biol. Trace Elem. Res.
  doi: 10.1007/s12011-013-9727-3
– volume: 156
  start-page: 221
  year: 2008
  ident: ref_40
  article-title: Chronic copper exposure and fatty acid composition of the amphipod Dikerogammarus villosus: Results from a field study
  publication-title: Environ. Poll.
  doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.12.010
– volume: 88
  start-page: 677
  year: 1990
  ident: ref_52
  article-title: Food availability as a limiting factor to mussel Mytilus edulis growth in California coastal waters
  publication-title: Fish. Bull.
– volume: 15
  start-page: 2969
  year: 1996
  ident: ref_59
  article-title: The human cytosolic molecular chaperones hsp90, hsp70 (hsc70) and hdj-1 have distinct roles in recognition of a non-native protein and protein refolding
  publication-title: EMBO J.
  doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00660.x
– volume: 81
  start-page: 43
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_60
  article-title: Cellular biomarkers in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) from Lake Faro (Sicily, Italy)
  publication-title: Ital. J. Zool.
  doi: 10.1080/11250003.2013.878400
– volume: 142
  start-page: 630S
  year: 2012
  ident: ref_47
  article-title: Effects of dietary stearidonic acid on biomarkers of lipid Metabolism4
  publication-title: J. Nutr.
  doi: 10.3945/jn.111.149138
– volume: 25
  start-page: 4
  year: 2010
  ident: ref_7
  article-title: Study on the chemical composition variability of some processed bergamot (Citrus bergamia) essential oils
  publication-title: Flav. Frag. J.
  doi: 10.1002/ffj.1949
– volume: 20
  start-page: 10
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_31
  article-title: Bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso) as a source of nutraceuticals: Limonoids and flavonoids
  publication-title: J. Funct. Foods
  doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.10.005
– ident: ref_35
  doi: 10.20944/preprints202304.0199.v1
– volume: 113
  start-page: 63
  year: 1996
  ident: ref_48
  article-title: Carotenoids in mollusca: Approaching the functions
  publication-title: Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B
  doi: 10.1016/0305-0491(96)00104-6
– ident: ref_1
  doi: 10.3390/antiox8010028
– volume: 62
  start-page: 1800322
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_45
  article-title: Palmitoleic acid has stronger anti-inflammatory potential in human endothelial cells compared to oleic and palmitic acids
  publication-title: Mol. Nutr. Food Res.
  doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201800322
– ident: ref_6
  doi: 10.3390/nu13072476
– ident: ref_46
  doi: 10.3390/nu14142956
– volume: 9
  start-page: 100205
  year: 2023
  ident: ref_39
  article-title: Sodium lauryl sulfate and its potential impacts on organisms and the environment: A thematic analysis
  publication-title: Emerg. Contamin
  doi: 10.1016/j.emcon.2023.100205
– volume: 87
  start-page: 103715
  year: 2021
  ident: ref_16
  article-title: The influence of salinity on sodium lauryl sulfate toxicity in Mytilus galloprovincialis
  publication-title: Environ. Toxicol. Pharm.
  doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103715
– ident: ref_26
  doi: 10.1201/9781003107583-8
– volume: 336
  start-page: 139273
  year: 2023
  ident: ref_33
  article-title: Assessment of the effects of non-phthalate plasticizer DEHT on the bivalve molluscs Mytilus galloprovincialis
  publication-title: Chemosphere
  doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139273
– volume: 3
  start-page: 39
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_5
  article-title: Emerging contaminants affect the microbiome of water systems—Strategies for their mitigation
  publication-title: NPJ Clean. Water
  doi: 10.1038/s41545-020-00086-y
– volume: 38
  start-page: 4196
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_30
  article-title: Multidimensional preparative liquid chromatography to isolate flavonoids from bergamot juice and evaluation of their anti-inflammatory potential
  publication-title: J. Separat. Sci.
  doi: 10.1002/jssc.201500878
– volume: 29
  start-page: 1
  year: 2025
  ident: ref_37
  article-title: Protein hydrolysates from Hermetia illucens trigger cellular responses to cope with LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in L-929 cells
  publication-title: Anim. Cells Syst.
  doi: 10.1080/19768354.2024.2442389
– volume: 31
  start-page: 76
  year: 2022
  ident: ref_13
  article-title: Increased use of sanitizers and disinfectants during the COVID-19 pandemic: Identification of antimicrobial chemicals and considerations for aquatic environmental contamination
  publication-title: Eniviron. Rev.
  doi: 10.1139/er-2022-0035
– ident: ref_20
  doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109644
– volume: 130
  start-page: 338
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_21
  article-title: Blue mussels (Mytilus edulis spp.) as sentinel organisms in coastal pollution monitoring: A review
  publication-title: Mar. Environ. Res.
  doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.07.024
– volume: 570
  start-page: 1
  year: 1989
  ident: ref_51
  article-title: Vitamin E: Introduction to biochemistry and health benefits
  publication-title: Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb14903.x
– volume: 6
  start-page: 36
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_9
  article-title: Citrus bergamia essential oil: From basic research to clinical application
  publication-title: Front. Pharm.
  doi: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00036
– volume: 100
  start-page: 104132
  year: 2023
  ident: ref_18
  article-title: Combined effects of temperature rise and sodium lauryl sulfate in the Mediterranean mussel
  publication-title: Environ. Toxicol. Pharm.
  doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104132
– volume: 1
  start-page: 97
  year: 1993
  ident: ref_54
  article-title: Selective deposition of α-tocopherol in lipids of farmed blue mussels (Mytilus Edulis)
  publication-title: J. Food Lip.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1745-4522.1993.tb00238.x
– volume: 918
  start-page: 170568
  year: 2024
  ident: ref_61
  article-title: Evaluating quaternium-15 effects on Mytilus galloprovincialis: New insights on physiological and cellular responses
  publication-title: Sci. Total Environ.
  doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170568
– volume: 9
  start-page: 18
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_29
  article-title: Underestimated sources of flavonoids, limonoids and dietary fiber: Availability in lemon’s by-products
  publication-title: J. Funct. Foods
  doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.04.004
– volume: 18
  start-page: 115
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_11
  article-title: The effect of bergamot polyphenolic fraction on lipid transfer protein system and vascular oxidative stress in a rat model of hyperlipemia
  publication-title: Lip. Health Dis.
  doi: 10.1186/s12944-019-1061-0
– volume: 46
  start-page: 225
  year: 2003
  ident: ref_42
  article-title: Fatty acid trophic markers in the pelagic marine environment
  publication-title: Adv. Mar. Bio
  doi: 10.1016/S0065-2881(03)46005-7
– volume: 465
  start-page: 53
  year: 2012
  ident: ref_24
  article-title: Bioconversion of fatty acids at the basis of marine food webs: Insights from a compound-specific stable isotope analysis
  publication-title: Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.
  doi: 10.3354/meps09920
– volume: 446
  start-page: 1
  year: 2012
  ident: ref_25
  article-title: Fatty acids as dietary tracers in benthic food webs
  publication-title: Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.
  doi: 10.3354/meps09559
– volume: 3
  start-page: 1014
  year: 2021
  ident: ref_4
  article-title: Mitigation of stress in fish through nutraceuticals
  publication-title: Development
– ident: ref_53
– volume: 34
  start-page: 1345
  year: 2013
  ident: ref_58
  article-title: Molecular characterization of a manganese superoxide dismutase and copper/zinc superoxide dismutase from the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis
  publication-title: Fish. Shell. Imm
  doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.01.011
– volume: 33
  start-page: 2821
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_55
  article-title: Protective effects of Ginkgo biloba L. against natural toxins, chemical toxicities, and radiation: A comprehensive review
  publication-title: Phytother. Res.
  doi: 10.1002/ptr.6469
– ident: ref_34
  doi: 10.3390/app11167711
– volume: 571
  start-page: 955
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_44
  article-title: Free fatty acid profiling of marine sentinels by nanoLC-EI-MS for the assessment of environmental pollution effects
  publication-title: Sci. Total Environ.
  doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.082
– volume: 12
  start-page: 150
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_10
  article-title: Underestimated sources of flavonoids, limonoids and dietary fiber: Availability in orange’s by-products
  publication-title: J. Funct. Foods
  doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.11.008
– volume: 20
  start-page: 4182
  year: 2021
  ident: ref_56
  article-title: Recent developments of natural antimicrobials and antioxidants on fish and fishery food products
  publication-title: Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf.
  doi: 10.1111/1541-4337.12787
– volume: 2
  start-page: 11
  year: 1982
  ident: ref_50
  article-title: Localization and role of carotenoids in molluscan neurons
  publication-title: Cell. Mol. Neurobiol.
  doi: 10.1007/BF00735063
– volume: Volume 49
  start-page: 331
  year: 1977
  ident: ref_49
  article-title: Cytosomes (yellow pigment granules) of molluscs as cell organelles of anoxic energy production
  publication-title: International Review of Cytology
  doi: 10.1016/S0074-7696(08)61952-X
– volume: 7
  start-page: 1125
  year: 2012
  ident: ref_32
  article-title: Mussel micronucleus cytome assay
  publication-title: Nat. Protoc.
  doi: 10.1038/nprot.2012.043
– volume: 151
  start-page: dev202256
  year: 2024
  ident: ref_23
  article-title: The Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis: A novel model for developmental studies in mollusks
  publication-title: Development
  doi: 10.1242/dev.202256
– volume: 290
  start-page: 117631
  year: 2025
  ident: ref_36
  article-title: Evaluation of cellular and physiological alterations of cells from Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed to benzisothiazolinone
  publication-title: Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf.
  doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117631
– volume: 67
  start-page: 657
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_41
  article-title: Fatty acid profiling as bioindicator of chemical stress in marine organisms: A review
  publication-title: Ecol. Indic.
  doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.03.044
– volume: 552
  start-page: 101
  year: 2004
  ident: ref_57
  article-title: Emerging contaminants—Pesticides, PPCPs, microbial degradation products and natural substances as inhibitors of multixenobiotic defense in aquatic organisms
  publication-title: Mutat. Res. Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen
  doi: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.06.006
– volume: 20
  start-page: 2311
  year: 2022
  ident: ref_14
  article-title: Worldwide cases of water pollution by emerging contaminants: A review
  publication-title: Environ. Chem. Lett.
  doi: 10.1007/s10311-022-01447-4
– volume: 274
  start-page: 107051
  year: 2024
  ident: ref_28
  article-title: Protective effects of Allium jesdianum essential oil on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to sub-lethal toxicity of cypermethrin
  publication-title: Aquat. Toxicol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107051
– volume: 63
  start-page: 102668
  year: 2021
  ident: ref_12
  article-title: Purchasing natural personal care products in the era of fake news? The moderation effect of brand trust
  publication-title: J. Retail. Consum. Serv.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102668
– volume: 4
  start-page: S1
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_8
  article-title: Characterization of flavonoids in Citrus bergamia (Bergamot) polyphenolic fraction by liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry (LC/HRMS)
  publication-title: Pharma. Nutr.
– volume: 280
  start-page: 115045
  year: 2021
  ident: ref_27
  article-title: Effects of nutraceutical conglomerate on growth and antioxidant status of Labeo rohita fingerlings
  publication-title: AFST
– volume: 9
  start-page: EHI-S31765
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_38
  article-title: Human and environmental toxicity of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS): Evidence for safe use in household cleaning products
  publication-title: Environ. Health Insights
  doi: 10.4137/EHI.S31765
– volume: 1
  start-page: 116
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_3
  article-title: Role of nutraceuticals in health and disease prevention: A review
  publication-title: South Asian J. Food Technol. Environ.
  doi: 10.46370/sajfte.2015.v01i02.02
– volume: 796
  start-page: 149013
  year: 2021
  ident: ref_15
  article-title: Environmental impact of increased soap consumption during COVID-19 pandemic: Biodegradable soap production and sustainable packaging
  publication-title: Sci. Total Environ.
  doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149013
– volume: 426
  start-page: 128058
  year: 2022
  ident: ref_19
  article-title: Behavioral, physiological and biochemical responses and differential gene expression in Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed to 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol and sodium lauryl sulfate
  publication-title: J. Hazard. Mater.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128058
SSID ssj0000913809
Score 2.3418593
Snippet Nutraceuticals are gaining research interest due to their beneficial potential and their use to counter the impact of emerging contaminants on natural...
SourceID doaj
pubmedcentral
proquest
gale
pubmed
crossref
SourceType Open Website
Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Index Database
Enrichment Source
StartPage 539
SubjectTerms Antimicrobial activity
Aquatic ecosystems
aquatic environment
Cardiovascular disease
Carotenoids
Cell viability
Citrus
Citrus bergamia
Citrus fruits
Cleaning compounds
Contaminants
COVID-19
Cultural heritage
cytotoxicity
Detergents
Disinfectants
Ecosystems
emerging contaminants
Fatty acids
Functional foods
Functional foods & nutraceuticals
gene expression
Gills
Hemocytes
Hsp70 protein
Hygiene
Lipids
Mollusks
nutraceuticals
Oils & fats
Organisms
Phagocytes
Physiological aspects
Physiology
Plant extracts
Sodium lauryl sulfate
Surface active agents
Surfactants
Tocopherols
Toxicity
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: Biological Science Database (ProQuest)
  dbid: M7P
  link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1Lb9QwELagcIADb2igICMhAYeoie2sHS4oXVFxWq0ESL1Fju1sI4Wk3WwR_Br-KjPOg40QXLjGsxtb_jyvjL8h5JU2wrKYx6FxwoZCJYuwiCMXMglqUnKjmFG-2YRcrdTZWboeEm7dUFY56kSvqG1rMEd-zCFSUYA2lb6_uAyxaxR-XR1aaFwnN5AlgfvSvfWUY0HOSxWlPVcjh-j-WGMJ4XcIKsDwY3_wPVvkKfv_VMx7lmleNblnhk7v_u8C7pE7gwNKsx4x98k11zwgt_doCR-Snyduu9Gwh_TN0l_KoIV_UOm372hG1-0OS4zgT0BD0tUVTHPMidNsoytwOOnS1TUWuFLdWOqrTEclS7PaEzkj3Ck2DjHO0uIHxewYNkyiyJelhwIdWjX0E76scTXtr412X7tH5Mvph8_Lj-HQyCE04K3sQoh6XCFFCbG4VtKmgABbCF6IqJSlE1yncSmtsmnBlAIPTJu4ZFayMsHwNZH8MTlo2sYdEuq04Bb0s4uVFoVhhWO8ZAsba2aShbIBCcctzc3Aco7NNuocoh2EQD6HQEBeT_IXPb_HXyVPECGTFPJy-wftdpMPxzwHZLuIS5j4IgJHU6Uy0g7cKFuCb2SYgtchvnLUHrg7ergEAYtDHq48U4JDxJtwFpCjmSScejMfHlGWD1qny39DLCAvp2H8JVbSNa698jJMSnDiYS5PekBPSxLYeEWwOCBqBvXZmucjTXXuOcmRh06BPXj673k9I7cYNlD2n-OOyAFg2D0nN823XdVtX_jT-wv3glEf
  priority: 102
  providerName: ProQuest
Title Bergamot (Citrus bergamia): A Potential New Nutraceutical Against Cellular and Physiological Alterations Induced by Emerging Contaminants in Sentinel Organisms
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40427421
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3211848889
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3212775668
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC12108400
https://doaj.org/article/2c8e037f52604418970ae021df023c28
Volume 14
WOSCitedRecordID wos001495832400001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVAON
  databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2076-3921
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000913809
  issn: 2076-3921
  databaseCode: DOA
  dateStart: 20120101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
– providerCode: PRVHPJ
  databaseName: ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2076-3921
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000913809
  issn: 2076-3921
  databaseCode: M~E
  dateStart: 20120101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://road.issn.org
  providerName: ISSN International Centre
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Biological Science Database (ProQuest)
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2076-3921
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000913809
  issn: 2076-3921
  databaseCode: M7P
  dateStart: 20120301
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/biologicalscijournals
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: ProQuest Central
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2076-3921
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000913809
  issn: 2076-3921
  databaseCode: BENPR
  dateStart: 20120301
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Publicly Available Content Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2076-3921
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000913809
  issn: 2076-3921
  databaseCode: PIMPY
  dateStart: 20120301
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent
  providerName: ProQuest
link http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1Lj9MwELZg4QAHxJvCUhkJCThEm9hO7XBLq67gQBXxkMop8iu7kUKKtl0EF_4Kf5UZJ60SIcSFSw7xJH7MeB7J-BtCnmsrHEt4ElkvXCRUOotMEvuISVCTklvFrArFJuRqpdbrrBiU-sKcsA4euFu4E6D1MZdVCo43mG6VyVh7MEyuAmtjWTjmC17PIJgKOjhLuIqzDqWRQ1x_ojF58DuEE2DysTL4wAoFsP4_VfLAJo3zJQcG6PQ2udV7jjTvRnyHXPHtXXJzgCd4j_ya-4szDYtPXy7CaQpqwo1av3pNc1psdpgbBC8B1UZXl9DL_mM2zc90DZ4iXfimwcxUqltHQ3roXjvSvAkIzCinFCt-WO-o-UHxsxZWOqIIdKX7zBpat_QDdtb6hnbnPbdftvfJp9Plx8WbqK_AEFlwM3YRhCveSFFBEK2VdBmwzhnBjYgrWXnBdZZU0imXGaYUuE7aJhVzkgG3IO5MJX9AjtpN6x8R6rXgDhSrT5QWxjLjGa_YzCWa2XSm3IREe46UtocnxyoZTQlhCnKwHHNwQl4c6L92wBx_pZwjgw9UCKgdboCYlb2Ylf8SM-gOxaPEbY_c0f3pBZgcAmiVuRIcQtWUswk5HlHCdrXj5r2Alb262JYcwnAFqlTBYJ8dmvFJTIFr_eYy0DApwfuGsTzs5PEwJYEVUwRLJkSNJHU053FLW58HMHEEkIMgP378P1bpCbnBsD5y-Nt2TI5A0v1Tct1-29Xbiym5KtdqSq7Nl6vi_TRs2Cnm2hZ4_bmEluLtu-Lzb5bhR8A
linkProvider Directory of Open Access Journals
linkToHtml http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1bb9MwFLbGhgQ8cL8UBhgJBDxES2y3dpAQSsumTRtVBZu0t-DYTqlUktF2wH4N_4DfyDlOUhoheNsDr7GT2M53bs7x-Qh5qo2wLOJRYJywgVDdXpBFoQuYBDUpuVHMKE82IYdDdXwcj9bIz-YsDKZVNjrRK2pbGtwj3-IQqShAm4rfnHwJkDUK_642FBoVLPbd2TcI2eav997C933G2M724WA3qFkFAgOmcxGAC-4yKXIIDLWSNobh2EzwTIS5zJ3gOo5yaZWNM6YUuAPaRDmzkuVdjKW6ksNzL5ANwYUEudrobw9H75e7OlhlU4VxVR2S8zjc0pi0-B3CGHA1kJF8xfp5koA_TcGKLWznaa4Yvp1r_9uSXSdXaxebJpVM3CBrrrhJrqwUXrxFfvTdbKwBpfTFwB87oZm_MNEvX9GEjsoFJlHBQ8AG0OEpLEuz60-TsZ6AS00HbjrFFF6qC0t9Hm1jRmgy9aWqUaApUqMYZ2l2RnH_DymhKFYE03UKEp0U9AO-rHBTWh2MnX-e3yZH57JCd8h6URbuHqFOC27BArlIaZEZljnGc9azkWam21O2Q4IGQqmp67gjncg0hXgOIZe2Idchz5f9T6oKJn_t2UdELnth5XF_oZyN01qRpSC7LuQSBt4LwZVWsQy1A0fR5uD9GabgdYjnFPUjfh1dH_OAyWGlsTRRIDngg3LWIZutnqDXTLu5QXVa69V5-hvSHfJk2Yx3Yq5g4cpT34dJCWEKjOVuJUDLKQmklhEs6hDVEq3WnNstxeSTr7qOlfYUWLz7_x7XY3Jp9_DdQXqwN9x_QC4zpIv2Px83yTrg2T0kF83XxWQ-e1TrDko-nrfs_QLi464w
linkToPdf http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1bb9MwFLbGhhA8cL8EBhgJBDxETWy3dpAQyjoqqkFVCZDGU3Bsp1Qq6Wg7YL-G_8Gv4xwnKY0QvO2B18RJbOdc7ePvI-ShNsKymMehccKGQnV7YR5HLmQSzKTkRjGjPNmEHI3U4WEy3iI_m7MwWFbZ2ERvqO3c4Bp5h0OmokDaVNIp6rKI8f7gxdGXEBmkcKe1odOoROTAnXyD9G35fLgP__oRY4OX7_qvwpphIDTgRlchhOMul6KAJFEraRPoms0Fz0VUyMIJrpO4kFbZJGdKQWigTVwwK1nRxbyqKzm89wzZgZBcgI7tjIdvxh_WKzyIuKmipEKK5DyJOhoLGL9DSgNhB7KTb3hCTxjwp1vY8Ivtms0NJzi49D9P32VysQ69aVrpyhWy5cqr5MIGIOM18mPPLSYapJc-6fvjKDT3F6b66TOa0vF8hcVV8BLwDXR0DFPU7AbQdKKnEGrTvpvNsLSX6tJSX1_buBeazjyENSo6RcoU4yzNTyiuCyJVFEWkMF2XJtFpSd_ix0o3o9WB2eXn5XXy_lRm6AbZLuelu0Wo04Jb8EwuVlrkhuWO8YL1bKyZ6faUDUjYiFNmanx3pBmZZZDnofhlbfELyON1-6MK2eSvLfdQOtetEJHcX5gvJllt4DLQaRdxCR3vRRBiq0RG2kEAaQuICg1T8DmU7QztJv4dXR__gMEhAlmWKsEh1-9yFpDdVkuwd6Z9u5HwrLa3y-y3eAfkwfo2Pok1hKWbH_s2TEpIX6AvNytlWg9JIOWMYHFAVEvNWmNu3ymnnzwaOyLwKfCEt__dr_vkHChc9no4OrhDzjNkkfZ7krtkG8TZ3SVnzdfVdLm4V5sRSj6etur9AooCtyI
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bergamot+%28Citrus+bergamia%29%3A+A+Potential+New+Nutraceutical+Against+Cellular+and+Physiological+Alterations+Induced+by+Emerging+Contaminants+in+Sentinel+Organisms&rft.jtitle=Antioxidants&rft.au=Federica+Impellitteri&rft.au=Cristiana+Roberta+Multisanti&rft.au=Kristian+Riolo&rft.au=Giorgia+Zicarelli&rft.date=2025-04-30&rft.pub=MDPI+AG&rft.eissn=2076-3921&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=539&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390%2Fantiox14050539&rft.externalDBID=DOA&rft.externalDocID=oai_doaj_org_article_2c8e037f52604418970ae021df023c28
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2076-3921&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2076-3921&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2076-3921&client=summon