Globalization of the Amazon Soy and Beef Industries: Opportunities for Conservation
Amazon beef and soybean industries, the primary drivers of Amazon deforestation, are increasingly responsive to economic signals emanating from around the world, such as those associated with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE, "mad cow disease") outbreaks and China's economic grow...
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| Vydané v: | Conservation biology Ročník 20; číslo 6; s. 1595 - 1603 |
|---|---|
| Hlavní autori: | , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | English |
| Vydavateľské údaje: |
Malden, USA
Blackwell Publishing Inc
01.12.2006
Blackwell Science Blackwell |
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| ISSN: | 0888-8892, 1523-1739 |
| On-line prístup: | Získať plný text |
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| Abstract | Amazon beef and soybean industries, the primary drivers of Amazon deforestation, are increasingly responsive to economic signals emanating from around the world, such as those associated with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE, "mad cow disease") outbreaks and China's economic growth. The expanding role of these economic "teleconnections" (coupled phenomena that take place in distant places on the planet) led to a 3-year period (2002-2004) of historically high deforestation rates. But it also increases the potential for large-scale conservation in the region as markets and finance institutions demand better environmental and social performance of beef and soy producers. Cattle ranchers and soy farmers who have generally opposed ambitious government regulations that require forest reserves on private property are realizing that good land stewardship-including compliance with legislation-may increase their access to expanding domestic and international markets and to credit and lower the risk of "losing" their land to agrarian reform. The realization of this potential depends on the successful negotiation of social and environmental performance criteria and an associated system of certification that are acceptable to both the industries and civil society. The foot-and-mouth eradication system, in which geographic zones win permission to export beef, may provide an important model for the design of a low-cost, peer-enforced, socioenvironmental certification system that becomes the mechanism by which beef and soy industries gain access to markets outside the Amazon. |
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| AbstractList | Amazon beef and soybean industries, the primary drivers of Amazon deforestation, are increasingly responsive to economic signals emanating from around the world, such as those associated with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE, "mad cow disease") outbreaks and China's economic growth. The expanding role of these economic "teleconnections" (coupled phenomena that take place in distant places on the planet) led to a 3-year period (2002-2004) of historically high deforestation rates. But it also increases the potential for large-scale conservation in the region as markets and finance institutions demand better environmental and social performance of beef and soy producers. Cattle ranchers and soy farmers who have generally opposed ambitious government regulations that require forest reserves on private property are realizing that good land stewardship-including compliance with legislation-may increase their access to expanding domestic and international markets and to credit and lower the risk of "losing" their land to agrarian reform. The realization of this potential depends on the successful negotiation of social and environmental performance criteria and an associated system of certification that are acceptable to both the industries and civil society. The foot-and-mouth eradication system, in which geographic zones win permission to export beef, may provide an important model for the design of a low-cost, peer-enforced, socioenvironmental certification system that becomes the mechanism by which beef and soy industries gain access to markets outside the Amazon. Amazon beef and soybean industries, the primary drivers of Amazon deforestation, are increasingly responsive to economic signals emanating from around the world, such as those associated with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE, "mad cow disease") outbreaks and China's economic growth. The expanding role of these economic "teleconnections" (coupled phenomena that take place in distant places on the planet) led to a 3-year period (2002-2004) of historically high deforestation rates. But it also increases the potential for large-scale conservation in the region as markets and finance institutions demand better environmental and social performance of beef and soy producers. Cattle ranchers and soy farmers who have generally opposed ambitious government regulations that require forest reserves on private property are realizing that good land stewardship-including compliance with legislation-may increase their access to expanding domestic and international markets and to credit and lower the risk of "losing" their land to agrarian reform. The realization of this potential depends on the successful negotiation of social and environmental performance criteria and an associated system of certification that are acceptable to both the industries and civil society. The foot-and-mouth eradication system, in which geographic zones win permission to export beef, may provide an important model for the design of a low-cost, peer-enforced, socioenvironmental certification system that becomes the mechanism by which beef and soy industries gain access to markets outside the Amazon.Amazon beef and soybean industries, the primary drivers of Amazon deforestation, are increasingly responsive to economic signals emanating from around the world, such as those associated with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE, "mad cow disease") outbreaks and China's economic growth. The expanding role of these economic "teleconnections" (coupled phenomena that take place in distant places on the planet) led to a 3-year period (2002-2004) of historically high deforestation rates. But it also increases the potential for large-scale conservation in the region as markets and finance institutions demand better environmental and social performance of beef and soy producers. Cattle ranchers and soy farmers who have generally opposed ambitious government regulations that require forest reserves on private property are realizing that good land stewardship-including compliance with legislation-may increase their access to expanding domestic and international markets and to credit and lower the risk of "losing" their land to agrarian reform. The realization of this potential depends on the successful negotiation of social and environmental performance criteria and an associated system of certification that are acceptable to both the industries and civil society. The foot-and-mouth eradication system, in which geographic zones win permission to export beef, may provide an important model for the design of a low-cost, peer-enforced, socioenvironmental certification system that becomes the mechanism by which beef and soy industries gain access to markets outside the Amazon. : Amazon beef and soybean industries, the primary drivers of Amazon deforestation, are increasingly responsive to economic signals emanating from around the world, such as those associated with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE, “mad cow disease”) outbreaks and China's economic growth. The expanding role of these economic “teleconnections” (coupled phenomena that take place in distant places on the planet) led to a 3‐year period (2002–2004) of historically high deforestation rates. But it also increases the potential for large‐scale conservation in the region as markets and finance institutions demand better environmental and social performance of beef and soy producers. Cattle ranchers and soy farmers who have generally opposed ambitious government regulations that require forest reserves on private property are realizing that good land stewardship—including compliance with legislation—may increase their access to expanding domestic and international markets and to credit and lower the risk of “losing” their land to agrarian reform. The realization of this potential depends on the successful negotiation of social and environmental performance criteria and an associated system of certification that are acceptable to both the industries and civil society. The foot‐and‐mouth eradication system, in which geographic zones win permission to export beef, may provide an important model for the design of a low‐cost, peer‐enforced, socioenvironmental certification system that becomes the mechanism by which beef and soy industries gain access to markets outside the Amazon. Resumen: Las industrias de soya y de ganado en el Amazonas, los principales factores de la deforestación del Amazonas, están incrementado su sensibilidad a las señales emanadas de todo el mundo, como las asociadas con brotes de encefalopatía esponjosa bovina (EEB, “enfermedad de las vacas locas”) y el crecimiento económico de China. El creciente papel de estas “teleconexiones” económicas (combinadas con fenómenos que pudieran ocurrir en sitios distantes sobre el planeta) condujo a un período de 3 años (2002–2004) de tasas de deforestación históricamente altas. Pero también incrementa el potencial para la conservación a gran escala en la región a medida que los mercados y las instituciones financieras demandan mejor actuación ambiental y social a los productores de ganado y de soya. Los ganaderos y los productores de soya, que generalmente se han opuesto a las ambiciosas regulaciones del gobierno que requieren reservas forestales en terrenos privados, se están dando cuenta que un buen uso del suelo—incluyendo el cumplimiento de la legislación—puede incrementar su acceso a los mercados domésticos e internacionales en expansión, a créditos y a un menor riesgo de “perder” sus tierras por reformas agrarias. El entendimiento de este potencial depende de la negociación exitosa de criterios de actuación social y ambiental y un sistema de certificación asociado que sean aceptables tanto para la industria como para la sociedad civil. El sistema de erradicación pies y boca, en el que las zonas geográficas obtienen permisos para exportar ganado, puede proporcionar un modelo importante para el diseño de un sistema de certificación socioambiental de bajo costo e implementado por pares, que sea el mecanismo mediante el cual las industrias de soya y de ganado obtengan acceso a los mercados fuera del Amazonas. Various issues related to the Amazon soy and beef industries are discussed. The Amazon economy is increasingly responsive to national and international markets through a process of globalization that is accelerating the rate at which agriculture and cattle ranching are substituting or impoverishing native forests. Expansion of the protected-area network and command-and-control implementation of ambitious environmental legislation are important components of a revised strategy for Amazon conservation, but alone they are insufficient. The foot-and-mouth eradication system may provide an important model for the design of a low-cost, peer-enforced, socioenvironmental certification system that becomes the mechanism by which beef and soy industries gain access to markets outside the Amazon. Protection of the Amazon's climate system, its biodiversity, its indigenous cultures, and the health of its rivers and stream would require the maintenance of most Amazon forests. |
| Author | ALMEIDA, ORIANA T. NEPSTAD, DANIEL C. STICKLER, CLAUDIA M. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: DANIEL C. surname: NEPSTAD fullname: NEPSTAD, DANIEL C. email: dnepstad@whrc.org organization: Woods Hole Research Center, 149 Woods Hole Road, Falmouth, MA 02540, U.S.A – sequence: 2 givenname: CLAUDIA M. surname: STICKLER fullname: STICKLER, CLAUDIA M. organization: Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazônia, Av. Nazaré 669, Centro. 66035-170 Belém, PA, Brazil – sequence: 3 givenname: ORIANA T. surname: ALMEIDA fullname: ALMEIDA, ORIANA T. organization: Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazônia, Av. Nazaré 669, Centro. 66035-170 Belém, PA, Brazil |
| BackLink | http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=18416337$$DView record in Pascal Francis https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17181794$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| References_xml | – reference: Fearnside, P. M. 2003. Deforestation control in Mato Grosso: a new model for slowing the loss of Brazil's Amazon forest. Ambio 32:343-345. – reference: Hecht, S. B. 1993. The logic of livestock and deforestation in Amazonia. BioScience 43:687-695. – reference: Fearnside, P. M. 2001. Soybean cultivation as a threat to the environment in Brazil. Environmental Conservation 28:23-38. – reference: Silva Dias, M. A. F., et al. 2002. Cloud and rain processes in biosphere-atmosphere interaction context in the Amazon region. Journal of Geophysical Research, DOI:DOI: 10.1029/2001JD0003353. – reference: Soares-Filho, B., A. Alencar, D. Nepstad, G. Cerqueira, M. C. V. Diaz, S. Rivero, L. Solorzano, and E. Voll. 2004. Simulation of deforestation and forest regrowth along a major Amazon highway: the case of the Santarém-Cuiabá highway. Global Change Biology 10:745-764. – reference: Rochas, J. L. P., and M. A. Lopes. 2002. Rastreabilidade e certificacao da producao bovina: um comparativo entre alguns sistemas. Revista Brasileira de Agroinformatica 4:130-146. – reference: Hecht, S. B. 1985. Environment, development and politics: capital accumulation and the livestock sector in eastern Amazonia. World Development 13:663-684. – reference: Myers, N. 1981. The hamburger connection: how Central America's forests become North America's hamburgers. Ambio 10:3-8. – reference: Nepstad, D. C., G. O. Carvalho, A. C. Barros, A. Alencar, J. P. Capobianco, J. Bishop, P. Moutinho, P. A. Lefebvre, U. L. Silva, and E. Prins. 2001. Road paving, fire regime feedbacks, and the future of Amazon forests. Forest Ecology and Management 154:395-407. – reference: Soares-Filho, B., D. Nepstad, L. Curran, G. Cerqueira, R. Garcia, C. Ramos, E. Voll, A. McDonald, P. Lefebvre, and P. Schlesinger. 2006. Modeling Amazon conservation. Nature 440:520-523. – reference: Rocha, A. do A., and, C. Bouças. 2006. Propagacao da gripe das aves já reduz preço da soja. Valor 1457:A1. – reference: INPE (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais). 2005. Monitoramento da Floresta Amazonica Brasileira por Satelite Projecto Prodes. Available from http://www.obt.inpe.br/prodes/ (accessed January 2006). – reference: Nepstad D., D. McGrath, A. Alencar, C. Barros, G. Carvalho, M. Santilli, and M. del C. Vera Diaz. 2002. Frontier governance in Amazonia. Science 295:629-631. – reference: Roosevelt, M. 2006. The grass-fed revolution. Time 11 June. Available from http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1200759,00.html (accessed 28 June 2006). – reference: Stickler, C., and O. Almeida 2006. Harnessing international finance to foster sound land stewardship in the Amazon soy sector: the case of Grupo Maggi and IFC in Brazil. Sustainable Forestry: in press. – reference: Houghton, R. A., D. L. Skole, C. A. Nobre, J. L. Hackler, K. T. Lawrence, and W. H. Chomentowski. 2000. Annual fluxes of carbon from deforestation and regrowth in the Brazilian Amazon. Nature 403:301-304. – reference: Mattos, M. M. de, and C. Uhl. 1994. Economic and ecological perspectives on ranching in the eastern Amazon. World Development 22:145-158. – reference: Diaz, M. del C. V., R. Kaufmann, D. Nepstad, and P. Schlesinger. 2006. Soybean yield in the Amazon Basin: climatic, edaphic, and economic determinants. Agricultural Economics: in press. – reference: Simmons, C. 2004. The political economy of land conflict in the eastern Brazilian Amazon. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 94:183-206. – reference: Rudel, T. K., O. T. Coomes, E. Moran, F. Achard, A. Angelsen, J. C. Xu, and E. Lambin 2005. Forest transitions: towards a global understanding of land use change. Global Environmental Change-Human Policy Dimensions 15:23-31. – reference: Carvalho, G., D. C. Nepstad, D. G. McGrath, M. Del C. V. Diaz, M. Santilli and A. C. Barros. 2002. Frontier expansion in the Amazon: balancing development and sustainability. Environment 44:34-45. – reference: Naylor, R., H. Steinfeld, W. Falcon, J. Galloway, V. Smil, E. Bradford, J. Alder, and H. Mooney. 2005. Losing the links between livestock and land. Science 310:1621-1622. – reference: Nepstad, D. C. 1999. Large-scale impoverishment of Amazonian forests by logging and fire. Nature 398:505-508. – reference: Hecht, S. 2005. Soybeans, development and conservation on the Amazon frontier. Development and Change 36:375-404. – volume: 22 start-page: 145 year: 1994 end-page: 158 article-title: Economic and ecological perspectives on ranching in the eastern Amazon. publication-title: World Development – volume: 94 start-page: 183 year: 2004 end-page: 206 article-title: The political economy of land conflict in the eastern Brazilian Amazon publication-title: Annals of the Association of American Geographers – volume: 295 start-page: 629 year: 2002 end-page: 631 article-title: Frontier governance in Amazonia publication-title: Science – year: 2005 – year: 2006 article-title: The grass‐fed revolution publication-title: Time 11 June – year: 2001 – year: 1989 – year: 2003 – volume: 403 start-page: 301 year: 2000 end-page: 304 article-title: Annual fluxes of carbon from deforestation and regrowth in the Brazilian Amazon publication-title: Nature – volume: 398 start-page: 505 year: 1999 end-page: 508 article-title: Large‐scale impoverishment of Amazonian forests by logging and 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| Snippet | Amazon beef and soybean industries, the primary drivers of Amazon deforestation, are increasingly responsive to economic signals emanating from around the... : Amazon beef and soybean industries, the primary drivers of Amazon deforestation, are increasingly responsive to economic signals emanating from around the... Various issues related to the Amazon soy and beef industries are discussed. The Amazon economy is increasingly responsive to national and international markets... |
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| SubjectTerms | aftosa Agriculture - economics Agriculture - methods Animal Husbandry - economics Animal Husbandry - methods Animal, plant and microbial ecology Animals Applied ecology Beef Beef cattle beef markets Biological and medical sciences Brazil Cattle Cattle industry certificación verde conservación tropical Conservation of Natural Resources conservation policy Conservation, protection and management of environment and wildlife deforestación Deforestation Environmental conservation Environmental legislation Essays Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General aspects Glycine max green certification hoof-and-mouth disease Humans International Cooperation Livestock farms Meat merado de soya mercado de ganado Parks, reserves, wildlife conservation. Endangered species: population survey and restocking políticas de conservación Population Dynamics Population Growth Socioeconomic Factors soy Soybeans Sustainable agriculture Trees tropical conservation Zoning |
| Title | Globalization of the Amazon Soy and Beef Industries: Opportunities for Conservation |
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