Botulinum Toxin Effects on Freezing of Gait in Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review

Freezing of gait is a frequent phenomenon and can be one of the most debilitating motor impairments in Parkinson’s disease, especially in the advanced stages. It is currently defined as a brief episodic absence or any marked reduction in the forward progression of the feet, despite the intention to...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Toxins Vol. 16; no. 11; p. 474
Main Authors: Tambasco, Nicola, Nigro, Pasquale, Mechelli, Alessandro, Duranti, Michele, Parnetti, Lucilla
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01.11.2024
MDPI
Subjects:
Anxiety
Basal ganglia
botulinum
Botulinum toxin
Botulinum Toxins - therapeutic use
Care and treatment
Central nervous system diseases
Development and progression
Diseases
freezing of gait
Gait
Gait - drug effects
Gait Disorders, Neurologic - drug therapy
Gait Disorders, Neurologic - etiology
Humans
Italy
motor control
Movement disorders
Neurodegenerative diseases
Neuropsychology
Neurotoxins
Parkinson Disease - complications
Parkinson Disease - drug therapy
Parkinson's disease
Questionnaires
Rasagiline
Review
Risk factors
Side effects
Systematic review
Toxins
Italy
botulinum toxin
botulinum
freezing of gait
gait
motor control
Parkinson’s disease
ISSN:2072-6651, 2072-6651
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Freezing of gait is a frequent phenomenon and can be one of the most debilitating motor impairments in Parkinson’s disease, especially in the advanced stages. It is currently defined as a brief episodic absence or any marked reduction in the forward progression of the feet, despite the intention to walk. Greater severity of freezing of gait has been associated with more frequent falls, postural instability, and executive dysfunction. However, botulinum neurotoxin is one of the most widely administered therapies for motor and non-motor symptoms, including freezing of gait, in parkinsonism. To date, the literature has had conflicting results on the use of botulinum toxin in the treatment of freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease patients. In light of this, we reviewed the findings of past studies that specifically investigated the effects of botulinum toxin on freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease in order to better understand this issue.
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ISSN:2072-6651
2072-6651
DOI:10.3390/toxins16110474