Evaluating correlates of protection for mix-match vaccine against COVID-19 VOCs with potential of evading immunity

In the face of rapid emerging variants of concern (VOCs) with potential of evading immunity from Beta to Omicron and uneven distribution of different vaccine brands, a mix-match strategy has been considered to enhance immunity. However, whether increasing immunogenicity using such a mix-match can le...

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Vydáno v:Vaccine Ročník 40; číslo 47; s. 6864 - 6872
Hlavní autoři: Liao, Sih-Han, Chang, Wei-Jung, Hsu, Chen-Yang, Ming-Fang Yen, Amy, Lin, Ting-Yu, Li-Sheng Chen, Sam, Hsiu-Hsi Chen, Tony
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Netherlands Elsevier Ltd 08.11.2022
Elsevier Limited
The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd
Témata:
Allergy and Immunology
Antibodies
Antibodies, Neutralizing
Antibodies, Viral
Bayes Theorem
Bayesian analysis
Bayesian theory
ChAdOx1 nCoV-19
Clinical trials
Coronaviruses
Correlate of protection
COVID-19
COVID-19 - prevention & control
COVID-19 infection
COVID-19 Vaccines
Effectiveness
Homology
Humans
Immunity
Immunogenicity
Immunology
Infections
Influenza Vaccines
Mix-match
mRNA
mRNA vaccines
Older people
pandemic
Pandemics
SARS-CoV-2
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Vaccination
Vaccines
Variant of concern
United Kingdom > UK
Mix-match
COVID-19
Correlate of protection
Variant of concern
ISSN:0264-410X, 1873-2518, 1873-2518
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Shrnutí:In the face of rapid emerging variants of concern (VOCs) with potential of evading immunity from Beta to Omicron and uneven distribution of different vaccine brands, a mix-match strategy has been considered to enhance immunity. However, whether increasing immunogenicity using such a mix-match can lead to high clinical efficacy, particularly when facing Omicron pandemic, still remains elusive without using the traditional phase 3 trial. The aim of this study is to demonstrate how to evaluate correlates of protection (CoP) of the mix-match vaccination. Data on neutralizing antibody (NtAb) titers and clinical efficacy against Wuhan or D614G strains of homologous ChAdOx1 nCov-19 or mRNA-1273 and heterologous vaccination were extracted from previous studies for demonstration. The reductions in NtAb titers of homologous vaccination against Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants were obtained from literatures. A Bayesian inversion method was used to derive CoP from homologous to mix-match vaccine. Findings The predicted efficacy of ChAdOx1 nCov-19 and mRNA-1273 for Wuhan or D614G strains was 93 % (89 %-97 %). Given 8 ∼ 11-fold, 2 ∼ 5.5-fold, and 32.5 ∼ 36-fold reduction of NtAb for Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants compared with D614G, the corresponding predictive efficacy of the mix-match ranged from 75.63 % to 73.87 %, 84.87 % to 81.25 %, and 0.067 % to 0.059 %, respectively. Interpretations While ChAdOx1 nCov-19 and mRNA-1273 used for demonstrating how to timely evaluate CoP for the mix-match vaccine still provides clinical efficacy against Beta and Delta VOCs but it appears ineffective for Omicron variants, which highlights the urgent need for next generation vaccine against Omicron variant.
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Sih-Han Liao and Wei-Jung Chang contributed equally to this article.
ISSN:0264-410X
1873-2518
1873-2518
DOI:10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.10.011