The Role of Amino Acids in Tuberculosis Infection: A Literature Review

Recently, there was an abundance of studies being conducted on the metabolomic profiling of tuberculosis patients. Amino acids are critical metabolites for the immune system, as they might contribute to providing nutrients for the host intracellular pathway. In tuberculosis, several amino acids play...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Metabolites Vol. 12; no. 10; p. 933
Main Authors: Amalia, Fiki, Syamsunarno, Mas Rizky A. A., Triatin, Rima Destya, Fatimah, Siti Nur, Chaidir, Lidya, Achmad, Tri Hanggono
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 30.09.2022
MDPI
Subjects:
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
AIDS
Amino acids
Biomarkers
Care and treatment
Citrulline
Cytokines
Diagnosis
Energy resources
Health aspects
Histidine
host immune response
Immune system
Immunoglobulins
Infections
Infectious diseases
Isoleucine
Literature reviews
Malnutrition
Metabolism
Metabolites
metabolomic
Metabolomics
Nitric oxide
Nitrogen
Pathogens
Patients
Phenylalanine
Polyamines
Protein synthesis
Proteins
Review
Tryptophan
Tuberculosis
tuberculosis infections
Valine
Indonesia
host immune response
metabolomic
tuberculosis infections
amino acids
ISSN:2218-1989, 2218-1989
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Recently, there was an abundance of studies being conducted on the metabolomic profiling of tuberculosis patients. Amino acids are critical metabolites for the immune system, as they might contribute to providing nutrients for the host intracellular pathway. In tuberculosis, several amino acids play important roles in both the mycobacteria infection mechanism and the host. Individual studies showed how the dynamics of metabolite products that result from interactions between Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and the host play important roles in different stages of infection. In this review, we focus on the dynamics of amino-acid metabolism and identify the prominent roles of amino acids in the diagnostics and treatment of tuberculosis infection. Online resources, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Clinical Key, were used to search for articles with combination keywords of amino acids and TB. The inclusion criteria were full-text articles in English published in the last 10 years. Most amino acids were decreased in patients with active TB compared with those with latent TB and healthy controls. However, some amino acids, including leucine, isoleucine, valine, phenylalanine, aspartate, and glutamate, were found to be at higher levels in TB patients. Additionally, the biomarkers of Mtb infection included the ratios of kynurenine to tryptophan, phenylalanine to histidine, and citrulline to arginine. Most amino acids were present at different levels in different stages of infection and disease progression. The search for additional roles played by those metabolomic biomarkers in each stage of infection might facilitate diagnostic tools for staging TB infection.
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ISSN:2218-1989
2218-1989
DOI:10.3390/metabo12100933