The kynurenine pathway and cognitive performance in community-dwelling older adults. The Hordaland Health Study

•Tryptophan and kynurenines are related to inflammation and may be neuroactive.•Experimental studies indicates a role for the rate limiting enzyme IDO in cognition.•We assessed potential associations between kynurenines and cognition in 2174 older adults.•Lower cognitive performance is seen with hig...

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Vydané v:Brain, behavior, and immunity Ročník 75; s. 155 - 162
Hlavní autori: Solvang, Stein-Erik Hafstad, Nordrehaug, Jan Erik, Tell, Grethe S., Nygård, Ottar, McCann, Adrian, Ueland, Per Magne, Midttun, Øivind, Meyer, Klaus, Vedeler, Christian A., Aarsland, Dag, Refsum, Helga, Smith, A. David, Giil, Lasse Melvaer
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: Netherlands Elsevier Inc 01.01.2019
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ISSN:0889-1591, 1090-2139, 1090-2139
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Abstract •Tryptophan and kynurenines are related to inflammation and may be neuroactive.•Experimental studies indicates a role for the rate limiting enzyme IDO in cognition.•We assessed potential associations between kynurenines and cognition in 2174 older adults.•Lower cognitive performance is seen with higher kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio and neopterin.•Our study supports that kynurenines may play a role in human cognition. Tryptophan, its downstream metabolites in the kynurenine pathway and neopterin have been associated with inflammation and dementia. We aimed to study the associations between plasma levels of these metabolites and cognitive function in community-dwelling, older adults. This cross-sectional study included 2174 participants aged 70–72 years of the community-based Hordaland Health Study. Tryptophan, kynurenine, neopterin and eight downstream kynurenines were measured in plasma. Kendrick Object Learning Test (KOLT), Digit Symbol Test (DST) and the Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT) were all outcomes in standardized Zellner’s regression. The Wald test of a composite linear hypothesis of an association with each metabolite was adjusted by the Bonferroni method. Age, body mass index, C-reactive protein, depressive symptoms, diabetes, education, glomerular filtration rate, hypertension, previous myocardial infarction, prior stroke, pyridoxal 5′phosphate, sex and smoking were considered as potential confounders. Higher levels of the kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio (KTR) and neopterin were significantly associated with poorer, overall cognitive performance (p < 0.002). Specifically, KTR was negatively associated with KOLT (β −0.08, p = 0.001) and COWAT (β −0.08, p = 0.001), but not with DST (β −0.03, p = 0.160). This pattern was also seen for neopterin (KOLT: β −0.07; p = 0.001; COWAT: β −0.06, p = 0.010; DST: β −0.01, p = 0.800). The associations were not confounded by the examined variables. No significant associations were found between the eight downstream kynurenines and cognition. Higher KTR and neopterin levels, biomarkers of cellular immune activation, were associated with reduced cognitive performance, implying an association between the innate immune system, memory, and language.
AbstractList •Tryptophan and kynurenines are related to inflammation and may be neuroactive.•Experimental studies indicates a role for the rate limiting enzyme IDO in cognition.•We assessed potential associations between kynurenines and cognition in 2174 older adults.•Lower cognitive performance is seen with higher kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio and neopterin.•Our study supports that kynurenines may play a role in human cognition. Tryptophan, its downstream metabolites in the kynurenine pathway and neopterin have been associated with inflammation and dementia. We aimed to study the associations between plasma levels of these metabolites and cognitive function in community-dwelling, older adults. This cross-sectional study included 2174 participants aged 70–72 years of the community-based Hordaland Health Study. Tryptophan, kynurenine, neopterin and eight downstream kynurenines were measured in plasma. Kendrick Object Learning Test (KOLT), Digit Symbol Test (DST) and the Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT) were all outcomes in standardized Zellner’s regression. The Wald test of a composite linear hypothesis of an association with each metabolite was adjusted by the Bonferroni method. Age, body mass index, C-reactive protein, depressive symptoms, diabetes, education, glomerular filtration rate, hypertension, previous myocardial infarction, prior stroke, pyridoxal 5′phosphate, sex and smoking were considered as potential confounders. Higher levels of the kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio (KTR) and neopterin were significantly associated with poorer, overall cognitive performance (p < 0.002). Specifically, KTR was negatively associated with KOLT (β −0.08, p = 0.001) and COWAT (β −0.08, p = 0.001), but not with DST (β −0.03, p = 0.160). This pattern was also seen for neopterin (KOLT: β −0.07; p = 0.001; COWAT: β −0.06, p = 0.010; DST: β −0.01, p = 0.800). The associations were not confounded by the examined variables. No significant associations were found between the eight downstream kynurenines and cognition. Higher KTR and neopterin levels, biomarkers of cellular immune activation, were associated with reduced cognitive performance, implying an association between the innate immune system, memory, and language.
Tryptophan, its downstream metabolites in the kynurenine pathway and neopterin have been associated with inflammation and dementia. We aimed to study the associations between plasma levels of these metabolites and cognitive function in community-dwelling, older adults. This cross-sectional study included 2174 participants aged 70-72 years of the community-based Hordaland Health Study. Tryptophan, kynurenine, neopterin and eight downstream kynurenines were measured in plasma. Kendrick Object Learning Test (KOLT), Digit Symbol Test (DST) and the Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT) were all outcomes in standardized Zellner's regression. The Wald test of a composite linear hypothesis of an association with each metabolite was adjusted by the Bonferroni method. Age, body mass index, C-reactive protein, depressive symptoms, diabetes, education, glomerular filtration rate, hypertension, previous myocardial infarction, prior stroke, pyridoxal 5'phosphate, sex and smoking were considered as potential confounders. Higher levels of the kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio (KTR) and neopterin were significantly associated with poorer, overall cognitive performance (p < 0.002). Specifically, KTR was negatively associated with KOLT (β -0.08, p = 0.001) and COWAT (β -0.08, p = 0.001), but not with DST (β -0.03, p = 0.160). This pattern was also seen for neopterin (KOLT: β -0.07; p = 0.001; COWAT: β -0.06, p = 0.010; DST: β -0.01, p = 0.800). The associations were not confounded by the examined variables. No significant associations were found between the eight downstream kynurenines and cognition. Higher KTR and neopterin levels, biomarkers of cellular immune activation, were associated with reduced cognitive performance, implying an association between the innate immune system, memory, and language.
Tryptophan, its downstream metabolites in the kynurenine pathway and neopterin have been associated with inflammation and dementia. We aimed to study the associations between plasma levels of these metabolites and cognitive function in community-dwelling, older adults.INTRODUCTIONTryptophan, its downstream metabolites in the kynurenine pathway and neopterin have been associated with inflammation and dementia. We aimed to study the associations between plasma levels of these metabolites and cognitive function in community-dwelling, older adults.This cross-sectional study included 2174 participants aged 70-72 years of the community-based Hordaland Health Study. Tryptophan, kynurenine, neopterin and eight downstream kynurenines were measured in plasma. Kendrick Object Learning Test (KOLT), Digit Symbol Test (DST) and the Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT) were all outcomes in standardized Zellner's regression. The Wald test of a composite linear hypothesis of an association with each metabolite was adjusted by the Bonferroni method. Age, body mass index, C-reactive protein, depressive symptoms, diabetes, education, glomerular filtration rate, hypertension, previous myocardial infarction, prior stroke, pyridoxal 5'phosphate, sex and smoking were considered as potential confounders.METHODSThis cross-sectional study included 2174 participants aged 70-72 years of the community-based Hordaland Health Study. Tryptophan, kynurenine, neopterin and eight downstream kynurenines were measured in plasma. Kendrick Object Learning Test (KOLT), Digit Symbol Test (DST) and the Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT) were all outcomes in standardized Zellner's regression. The Wald test of a composite linear hypothesis of an association with each metabolite was adjusted by the Bonferroni method. Age, body mass index, C-reactive protein, depressive symptoms, diabetes, education, glomerular filtration rate, hypertension, previous myocardial infarction, prior stroke, pyridoxal 5'phosphate, sex and smoking were considered as potential confounders.Higher levels of the kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio (KTR) and neopterin were significantly associated with poorer, overall cognitive performance (p < 0.002). Specifically, KTR was negatively associated with KOLT (β -0.08, p = 0.001) and COWAT (β -0.08, p = 0.001), but not with DST (β -0.03, p = 0.160). This pattern was also seen for neopterin (KOLT: β -0.07; p = 0.001; COWAT: β -0.06, p = 0.010; DST: β -0.01, p = 0.800). The associations were not confounded by the examined variables. No significant associations were found between the eight downstream kynurenines and cognition.RESULTSHigher levels of the kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio (KTR) and neopterin were significantly associated with poorer, overall cognitive performance (p < 0.002). Specifically, KTR was negatively associated with KOLT (β -0.08, p = 0.001) and COWAT (β -0.08, p = 0.001), but not with DST (β -0.03, p = 0.160). This pattern was also seen for neopterin (KOLT: β -0.07; p = 0.001; COWAT: β -0.06, p = 0.010; DST: β -0.01, p = 0.800). The associations were not confounded by the examined variables. No significant associations were found between the eight downstream kynurenines and cognition.Higher KTR and neopterin levels, biomarkers of cellular immune activation, were associated with reduced cognitive performance, implying an association between the innate immune system, memory, and language.CONCLUSIONHigher KTR and neopterin levels, biomarkers of cellular immune activation, were associated with reduced cognitive performance, implying an association between the innate immune system, memory, and language.
Author Midttun, Øivind
Aarsland, Dag
Nordrehaug, Jan Erik
Smith, A. David
Solvang, Stein-Erik Hafstad
Giil, Lasse Melvaer
Vedeler, Christian A.
Nygård, Ottar
McCann, Adrian
Refsum, Helga
Ueland, Per Magne
Tell, Grethe S.
Meyer, Klaus
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  givenname: Stein-Erik Hafstad
  orcidid: 0000-0003-3520-7530
  surname: Solvang
  fullname: Solvang, Stein-Erik Hafstad
  email: steinerik.solvang@gmail.com
  organization: Department of Internal Medicine, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Jan Erik
  surname: Nordrehaug
  fullname: Nordrehaug, Jan Erik
  organization: Department of Internal Medicine, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Grethe S.
  surname: Tell
  fullname: Tell, Grethe S.
  organization: Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Norway
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Ottar
  surname: Nygård
  fullname: Nygård, Ottar
  organization: Institute of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Adrian
  surname: McCann
  fullname: McCann, Adrian
  organization: BevitalA/S, Bergen, Norway
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  givenname: Per Magne
  surname: Ueland
  fullname: Ueland, Per Magne
  organization: BevitalA/S, Bergen, Norway
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Øivind
  surname: Midttun
  fullname: Midttun, Øivind
  organization: BevitalA/S, Bergen, Norway
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  givenname: Klaus
  surname: Meyer
  fullname: Meyer, Klaus
  organization: BevitalA/S, Bergen, Norway
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Christian A.
  surname: Vedeler
  fullname: Vedeler, Christian A.
  organization: Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway
– sequence: 10
  givenname: Dag
  surname: Aarsland
  fullname: Aarsland, Dag
  organization: Department of Old Age Psychiatry, King’s College University, London, UK
– sequence: 11
  givenname: Helga
  surname: Refsum
  fullname: Refsum, Helga
  organization: Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway
– sequence: 12
  givenname: A. David
  surname: Smith
  fullname: Smith, A. David
  organization: Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, UK
– sequence: 13
  givenname: Lasse Melvaer
  surname: Giil
  fullname: Giil, Lasse Melvaer
  organization: Department of Internal Medicine, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc.
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ISSN 0889-1591
1090-2139
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Keywords Hordaland Health Study
Controlled Oral Word Association Test
Tryptophan metabolism
Kendrick Object Learning Test
Inflammation
Cognition
Kynurenines
Language English
License Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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PublicationTitle Brain, behavior, and immunity
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Snippet •Tryptophan and kynurenines are related to inflammation and may be neuroactive.•Experimental studies indicates a role for the rate limiting enzyme IDO in...
Tryptophan, its downstream metabolites in the kynurenine pathway and neopterin have been associated with inflammation and dementia. We aimed to study the...
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SubjectTerms Aged
Biomarkers - blood
Body Mass Index
C-Reactive Protein - metabolism
Cognition
Cognition - physiology
Controlled Oral Word Association Test
Cross-Sectional Studies
Female
Hordaland Health Study
Humans
Independent Living
Inflammation
Inflammation - blood
Kendrick Object Learning Test
Kynurenine - blood
Kynurenine - metabolism
Kynurenine - physiology
Kynurenines
Male
Neopterin - blood
Neopterin - metabolism
Neuropsychological Tests
Signal Transduction - physiology
Tryptophan - blood
Tryptophan - metabolism
Title The kynurenine pathway and cognitive performance in community-dwelling older adults. The Hordaland Health Study
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