An ecological perspective on living with fire in ponderosa pine forests of Oregon and Washington: Resistance, gone but not forgotten
Wildland fires (WLF) have become more frequent, larger, and severe with greater impacts to society and ecosystems and dramatic increases in firefighting costs. Forests throughout the range of ponderosa pine in Oregon and Washington are jeopardized by the interaction of anomalously dense forest struc...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Trees, Forests and People (Online) Jg. 4; S. 100074 |
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Elsevier B.V
01.06.2021
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| ISSN: | 2666-7193, 2666-7193 |
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| Abstract | Wildland fires (WLF) have become more frequent, larger, and severe with greater impacts to society and ecosystems and dramatic increases in firefighting costs. Forests throughout the range of ponderosa pine in Oregon and Washington are jeopardized by the interaction of anomalously dense forest structure, a warming and drying climate, and an expanding human population. These forests evolved with frequent interacting disturbances including low-severity surface fires, droughts, and biological disturbance agents (BDAs). Chronic low-severity disturbances were, and still are, critical to maintaining disturbance resistance, the property of an ecosystem to withstand disturbance while maintaining its structure and ecological function. Restoration of that historical resistance offers multiple social and ecological benefits.
Moving forward, we need a shared understanding of the ecology of ponderosa pine forests to appreciate how restoring resistance can reduce the impacts of disturbances. Given contemporary forest conditions, a warming climate, and growing human populations, we predict continued elevation of tree mortality from drought, BDAs, and the large high-severity WLFs that threaten lives and property as well as ecosystem functions and services. We recommend more comprehensive planning to promote greater use of prescribed fire and management of reported fires for ecological benefits, plus increased responsibility and preparedness of local agencies, communities and individual homeowners for WLF and smoke events. Ultimately, by more effectively preparing for fire in the wildland urban interface, and by increasing the resistance of ponderosa pine forests, we can greatly enhance our ability to live with fire and other disturbances. |
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| AbstractList | Wildland fires (WLF) have become more frequent, larger, and severe with greater impacts to society and ecosystems and dramatic increases in firefighting costs. Forests throughout the range of ponderosa pine in Oregon and Washington are jeopardized by the interaction of anomalously dense forest structure, a warming and drying climate, and an expanding human population. These forests evolved with frequent interacting disturbances including low-severity surface fires, droughts, and biological disturbance agents (BDAs). Chronic low-severity disturbances were, and still are, critical to maintaining disturbance resistance, the property of an ecosystem to withstand disturbance while maintaining its structure and ecological function. Restoration of that historical resistance offers multiple social and ecological benefits. Moving forward, we need a shared understanding of the ecology of ponderosa pine forests to appreciate how restoring resistance can reduce the impacts of disturbances. Given contemporary forest conditions, a warming climate, and growing human populations, we predict continued elevation of tree mortality from drought, BDAs, and the large high-severity WLFs that threaten lives and property as well as ecosystem functions and services. We recommend more comprehensive planning to promote greater use of prescribed fire and management of reported fires for ecological benefits, plus increased responsibility and preparedness of local agencies, communities and individual homeowners for WLF and smoke events. Ultimately, by more effectively preparing for fire in the wildland urban interface, and by increasing the resistance of ponderosa pine forests, we can greatly enhance our ability to live with fire and other disturbances.Wildland fires (WLF) have become more frequent, larger, and severe with greater impacts to society and ecosystems and dramatic increases in firefighting costs. Forests throughout the range of ponderosa pine in Oregon and Washington are jeopardized by the interaction of anomalously dense forest structure, a warming and drying climate, and an expanding human population. These forests evolved with frequent interacting disturbances including low-severity surface fires, droughts, and biological disturbance agents (BDAs). Chronic low-severity disturbances were, and still are, critical to maintaining disturbance resistance, the property of an ecosystem to withstand disturbance while maintaining its structure and ecological function. Restoration of that historical resistance offers multiple social and ecological benefits. Moving forward, we need a shared understanding of the ecology of ponderosa pine forests to appreciate how restoring resistance can reduce the impacts of disturbances. Given contemporary forest conditions, a warming climate, and growing human populations, we predict continued elevation of tree mortality from drought, BDAs, and the large high-severity WLFs that threaten lives and property as well as ecosystem functions and services. We recommend more comprehensive planning to promote greater use of prescribed fire and management of reported fires for ecological benefits, plus increased responsibility and preparedness of local agencies, communities and individual homeowners for WLF and smoke events. Ultimately, by more effectively preparing for fire in the wildland urban interface, and by increasing the resistance of ponderosa pine forests, we can greatly enhance our ability to live with fire and other disturbances. Wildland fires (WLF) have become more frequent, larger, and severe with greater impacts to society and ecosystems and dramatic increases in firefighting costs. Forests throughout the range of ponderosa pine in Oregon and Washington are jeopardized by the interaction of anomalously dense forest structure, a warming and drying climate, and an expanding human population. These forests evolved with frequent interacting disturbances including low-severity surface fires, droughts, and biological disturbance agents (BDAs). Chronic low-severity disturbances were, and still are, critical to maintaining disturbance resistance, the property of an ecosystem to withstand disturbance while maintaining its structure and ecological function. Restoration of that historical resistance offers multiple social and ecological benefits.Moving forward, we need a shared understanding of the ecology of ponderosa pine forests to appreciate how restoring resistance can reduce the impacts of disturbances. Given contemporary forest conditions, a warming climate, and growing human populations, we predict continued elevation of tree mortality from drought, BDAs, and the large high-severity WLFs that threaten lives and property as well as ecosystem functions and services. We recommend more comprehensive planning to promote greater use of prescribed fire and management of reported fires for ecological benefits, plus increased responsibility and preparedness of local agencies, communities and individual homeowners for WLF and smoke events. Ultimately, by more effectively preparing for fire in the wildland urban interface, and by increasing the resistance of ponderosa pine forests, we can greatly enhance our ability to live with fire and other disturbances. Wildland fires (WLF) have become more frequent, larger, and severe with greater impacts to society and ecosystems and dramatic increases in firefighting costs. Forests throughout the range of ponderosa pine in Oregon and Washington are jeopardized by the interaction of anomalously dense forest structure, a warming and drying climate, and an expanding human population. These forests evolved with frequent interacting disturbances including low-severity surface fires, droughts, and biological disturbance agents (BDAs). Chronic low-severity disturbances were, and still are, critical to maintaining disturbance resistance, the property of an ecosystem to withstand disturbance while maintaining its structure and ecological function. Restoration of that historical resistance offers multiple social and ecological benefits. Moving forward, we need a shared understanding of the ecology of ponderosa pine forests to appreciate how restoring resistance can reduce the impacts of disturbances. Given contemporary forest conditions, a warming climate, and growing human populations, we predict continued elevation of tree mortality from drought, BDAs, and the large high-severity WLFs that threaten lives and property as well as ecosystem functions and services. We recommend more comprehensive planning to promote greater use of prescribed fire and management of reported fires for ecological benefits, plus increased responsibility and preparedness of local agencies, communities and individual homeowners for WLF and smoke events. Ultimately, by more effectively preparing for fire in the wildland urban interface, and by increasing the resistance of ponderosa pine forests, we can greatly enhance our ability to live with fire and other disturbances. |
| ArticleNumber | 100074 |
| Author | Lee, E. Henry Hagmann, R. Keala Cline, Steven P. Beedlow, Peter A. Shaw, David C. Reilly, Matthew J. Woodruff, David R. Comeleo, Randy L. Merschel, Andrew G. |
| AuthorAffiliation | e School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA a Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, 321 Richardson Hall, 3180 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR. 97331, USA c Department of Forest Engineering, Resources, and Management, Oregon State University, 216 Peavy Hall, 3100 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA d USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA b U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA f Applegate Forestry LLC, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: b U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA – name: c Department of Forest Engineering, Resources, and Management, Oregon State University, 216 Peavy Hall, 3100 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA – name: e School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA – name: d USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA – name: a Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, 321 Richardson Hall, 3180 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR. 97331, USA – name: f Applegate Forestry LLC, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Andrew G. orcidid: 0000-0002-8290-2125 surname: Merschel fullname: Merschel, Andrew G. email: Andrew.merschel@oregonstate.edu organization: Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, 321 Richardson Hall, 3180 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Peter A. surname: Beedlow fullname: Beedlow, Peter A. organization: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: David C. orcidid: 0000-0002-3898-782X surname: Shaw fullname: Shaw, David C. organization: Department of Forest Engineering, Resources, and Management, Oregon State University, 216 Peavy Hall, 3100 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: David R. surname: Woodruff fullname: Woodruff, David R. organization: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: E. Henry surname: Lee fullname: Lee, E. Henry organization: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA – sequence: 6 givenname: Steven P. surname: Cline fullname: Cline, Steven P. organization: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA – sequence: 7 givenname: Randy L. surname: Comeleo fullname: Comeleo, Randy L. organization: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA – sequence: 8 givenname: R. Keala orcidid: 0000-0002-1952-7449 surname: Hagmann fullname: Hagmann, R. Keala organization: School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA – sequence: 9 givenname: Matthew J. surname: Reilly fullname: Reilly, Matthew J. organization: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34017963$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Keywords | Resistance WLF Wildland urban interface Wildland fire Wildfire smoke Oregon, Washington Ecology WUI BDAs Ponderosa pine Drought Resilience Oregon ecology wildland urban interface drought ponderosa pine wildland fire resilience Washington resistance wildfire smoke |
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| SubjectTerms | climate Drought ecological function Ecology ecosystems fire fighting human population humans Oregon Oregon, Washington Pinus ponderosa Ponderosa pine prescribed burning Resilience Resistance smoke tree mortality Wildfire smoke wildland Wildland fire Wildland urban interface |
| Title | An ecological perspective on living with fire in ponderosa pine forests of Oregon and Washington: Resistance, gone but not forgotten |
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