Arginine and nitric oxide synthase: Regulatory mechanisms and cardiovascular aspects

l‐Arginine (l‐Arg) is a conditionally essential amino acid in the human diet. The most common dietary sources of l‐Arg are meat, poultry and fish. l‐Arg is the precursor for the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO); a key signaling molecule via NO synthase (NOS). Endogenous NOS inhibitors such as asymmetr...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Molecular nutrition & food research Jg. 58; H. 1; S. 101 - 116
Hauptverfasser:	Lorin, Julie, Zeller, Marianne, Guilland, Jean-Claude, Cottin, Yves, Vergely, Catherine, Rochette, Luc
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	Weinheim Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.01.2014 Wiley
Schlagworte:	Adipose Tissue - metabolism Arginine Arginine - metabolism Arginine - pharmacology Biological and medical sciences Biological Transport Biopterins - analogs & derivatives Biopterins - metabolism Biopterins - pharmacology Cardiovascular Cardiovascular Diseases - metabolism Cardiovascular Diseases - prevention & control Cardiovascular System - metabolism Citrulline - pharmacology Diet Dietary Supplements Feeding. Feeding behavior Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Humans Nitric oxide synthase Nitric Oxide Synthase - metabolism Therapeutic potential Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems EC 1.14.13.39 Nutrition Enzyme Cardiovascular Nitric-oxide synthase Treatment Arginine Therapeutic potential Aminoacid Nitric oxide synthase Oxidoreductases Circulatory system Mechanism of action
ISSN:	1613-4125, 1613-4133, 1613-4133
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Zusammenfassung:	l‐Arginine (l‐Arg) is a conditionally essential amino acid in the human diet. The most common dietary sources of l‐Arg are meat, poultry and fish. l‐Arg is the precursor for the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO); a key signaling molecule via NO synthase (NOS). Endogenous NOS inhibitors such as asymmetric‐dimethyl‐l‐Arg inhibit NO synthesis in vivo by competing with l‐Arg at the active site of NOS. In addition, NOS possesses the ability to be “uncoupled” to produce superoxide anion instead of NO. Reduced NO bioavailability may play an essential role in cardiovascular pathologies and metabolic diseases. l‐Arg deficiency syndromes in humans involve endothelial inflammation and immune dysfunctions. Exogenous administration of l‐Arg restores NO bioavailability, but it has not been possible to demonstrate, that l‐Arg supplementation improved endothelial function in cardiovascular disease such as heart failure or hypertension. l‐Arg supplementation may be a novel therapy for obesity and metabolic syndrome. The utility of l‐Arg supplementation in the treatment of l‐Arg deficiency syndromes remains to be established. Clinical trials need to continue to determine the optimal concentrations and combinations of l‐Arg, with other protective compounds such as tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), and antioxidants to combat oxidative stress that drives down NO production in humans.
Bibliographie:	Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) ArticleID:MNFR1984 French Ministry of Research Regional Council of Burgundy istex:695C50D6EB140FA8B1755A9F9654C6C9133FF1AB ark:/67375/WNG-2C4CM3SK-C ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23
ISSN:	1613-4125 1613-4133 1613-4133
DOI:	10.1002/mnfr.201300033