Golden Rice is an effective source of vitamin A

Genetically engineered "Golden Rice" contains up to 35 microg beta-carotene per gram of rice. It is important to determine the vitamin A equivalency of Golden Rice beta-carotene to project the potential effect of this biofortified grain in rice-consuming populations that commonly exhibit l...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The American journal of clinical nutrition Vol. 89; no. 6; p. 1776
Main Authors: Tang, Guangwen, Qin, Jian, Dolnikowski, Gregory G, Russell, Robert M, Grusak, Michael A
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States 01.06.2009
Subjects:
Adult
Aged
Area Under Curve
beta Carotene - analysis
beta Carotene - metabolism
Diterpenes
Female
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Oryza - chemistry
Oryza - genetics
Oryza - metabolism
Plants, Genetically Modified
Reference Values
Retinyl Esters
Vitamin A - analogs & derivatives
Vitamin A - biosynthesis
Vitamin A - blood
Vitamin A - metabolism
Vitamin A Deficiency - prevention & control
Vitamins - blood
Vitamins - metabolism
ISSN:1938-3207, 1938-3207
Online Access:Get more information
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Summary:Genetically engineered "Golden Rice" contains up to 35 microg beta-carotene per gram of rice. It is important to determine the vitamin A equivalency of Golden Rice beta-carotene to project the potential effect of this biofortified grain in rice-consuming populations that commonly exhibit low vitamin A status. The objective was to determine the vitamin A value of intrinsically labeled dietary Golden Rice in humans. Golden Rice plants were grown hydroponically with heavy water (deuterium oxide) to generate deuterium-labeled [2H]beta-carotene in the rice grains. Golden Rice servings of 65-98 g (130-200 g cooked rice) containing 0.99-1.53 mg beta-carotene were fed to 5 healthy adult volunteers (3 women and 2 men) with 10 g butter. A reference dose of [13C10]retinyl acetate (0.4-1.0 mg) in oil was given to each volunteer 1 wk before ingestion of the Golden Rice dose. Blood samples were collected over 36 d. Our results showed that the mean (+/-SD) area under the curve for the total serum response to [2H]retinol was 39.9 +/- 20.7 microg x d after the Golden Rice dose. Compared with that of the [13C10]retinyl acetate reference dose (84.7 +/- 34.6 microg x d), Golden Rice beta-carotene provided 0.24-0.94 mg retinol. Thus, the conversion factor of Golden Rice beta-carotene to retinol is 3.8 +/- 1.7 to 1 with a range of 1.9-6.4 to 1 by weight, or 2.0 +/- 0.9 to 1 with a range of 1.0-3.4 to 1 by moles. Beta-carotene derived from Golden Rice is effectively converted to vitamin A in humans. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00680355.
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ISSN:1938-3207
1938-3207
DOI:10.3945/ajcn.2008.27119