Terminal attack trajectories of peregrine falcons are described by the proportional navigation guidance law of missiles

The ability to intercept uncooperative targets is key to many diverse flight behaviors, from courtship to predation. Previous research has looked for simple geometric rules describing the attack trajectories of animals, but the underlying feedback laws have remained obscure. Here, we use GPS loggers...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Vol. 114; no. 51; p. 13495
Main Authors: Brighton, Caroline H, Thomas, Adrian L R, Taylor, Graham K
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States 19.12.2017
Subjects:
Animals
Biomechanical Phenomena
Eye Movements
Falconiformes - physiology
Models, Theoretical
Movement
Predatory Behavior
Vision, Ocular
proportional navigation
peregrine falcon
guidance law
system identification
pursuit
ISSN:1091-6490, 1091-6490
Online Access:Get more information
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Summary:The ability to intercept uncooperative targets is key to many diverse flight behaviors, from courtship to predation. Previous research has looked for simple geometric rules describing the attack trajectories of animals, but the underlying feedback laws have remained obscure. Here, we use GPS loggers and onboard video cameras to study peregrine falcons, , attacking stationary targets, maneuvering targets, and live prey. We show that the terminal attack trajectories of peregrines are not described by any simple geometric rule as previously claimed, and instead use system identification techniques to fit a phenomenological model of the dynamical system generating the observed trajectories. We find that these trajectories are best-and exceedingly well-modeled by the proportional navigation (PN) guidance law used by most guided missiles. Under this guidance law, turning is commanded at a rate proportional to the angular rate of the line-of-sight between the attacker and its target, with a constant of proportionality (i.e., feedback gain) called the navigation constant ( ). Whereas most guided missiles use navigation constants falling on the interval 3 ≤ ≤ 5, peregrine attack trajectories are best fitted by lower navigation constants (median < 3). This lower feedback gain is appropriate at the lower flight speed of a biological system, given its presumably higher error and longer delay. This same guidance law could find use in small visually guided drones designed to remove other drones from protected airspace.
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ISSN:1091-6490
1091-6490
DOI:10.1073/pnas.1714532114