Evolution of facial muscle anatomy in dogs
Domestication shaped wolves into dogs and transformed both their behavior and their anatomy. Here we show that, in only 33,000 y, domestication transformed the facial muscle anatomy of dogs specifically for facial communication with humans. Based on dissections of dog and wolf heads, we show that th...
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| Vydané v: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Ročník 116; číslo 29; s. 14677 |
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| Hlavní autori: | , , , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | English |
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United States
16.07.2019
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| ISSN: | 1091-6490, 1091-6490 |
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| Abstract | Domestication shaped wolves into dogs and transformed both their behavior and their anatomy. Here we show that, in only 33,000 y, domestication transformed the facial muscle anatomy of dogs specifically for facial communication with humans. Based on dissections of dog and wolf heads, we show that the levator anguli oculi medialis, a muscle responsible for raising the inner eyebrow intensely, is uniformly present in dogs but not in wolves. Behavioral data, collected from dogs and wolves, show that dogs produce the eyebrow movement significantly more often and with higher intensity than wolves do, with highest-intensity movements produced exclusively by dogs. Interestingly, this movement increases paedomorphism and resembles an expression that humans produce when sad, so its production in dogs may trigger a nurturing response in humans. We hypothesize that dogs with expressive eyebrows had a selection advantage and that "puppy dog eyes" are the result of selection based on humans' preferences. |
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| AbstractList | Domestication shaped wolves into dogs and transformed both their behavior and their anatomy. Here we show that, in only 33,000 y, domestication transformed the facial muscle anatomy of dogs specifically for facial communication with humans. Based on dissections of dog and wolf heads, we show that the levator anguli oculi medialis, a muscle responsible for raising the inner eyebrow intensely, is uniformly present in dogs but not in wolves. Behavioral data, collected from dogs and wolves, show that dogs produce the eyebrow movement significantly more often and with higher intensity than wolves do, with highest-intensity movements produced exclusively by dogs. Interestingly, this movement increases paedomorphism and resembles an expression that humans produce when sad, so its production in dogs may trigger a nurturing response in humans. We hypothesize that dogs with expressive eyebrows had a selection advantage and that "puppy dog eyes" are the result of selection based on humans' preferences. Domestication shaped wolves into dogs and transformed both their behavior and their anatomy. Here we show that, in only 33,000 y, domestication transformed the facial muscle anatomy of dogs specifically for facial communication with humans. Based on dissections of dog and wolf heads, we show that the levator anguli oculi medialis, a muscle responsible for raising the inner eyebrow intensely, is uniformly present in dogs but not in wolves. Behavioral data, collected from dogs and wolves, show that dogs produce the eyebrow movement significantly more often and with higher intensity than wolves do, with highest-intensity movements produced exclusively by dogs. Interestingly, this movement increases paedomorphism and resembles an expression that humans produce when sad, so its production in dogs may trigger a nurturing response in humans. We hypothesize that dogs with expressive eyebrows had a selection advantage and that "puppy dog eyes" are the result of selection based on humans' preferences.Domestication shaped wolves into dogs and transformed both their behavior and their anatomy. Here we show that, in only 33,000 y, domestication transformed the facial muscle anatomy of dogs specifically for facial communication with humans. Based on dissections of dog and wolf heads, we show that the levator anguli oculi medialis, a muscle responsible for raising the inner eyebrow intensely, is uniformly present in dogs but not in wolves. Behavioral data, collected from dogs and wolves, show that dogs produce the eyebrow movement significantly more often and with higher intensity than wolves do, with highest-intensity movements produced exclusively by dogs. Interestingly, this movement increases paedomorphism and resembles an expression that humans produce when sad, so its production in dogs may trigger a nurturing response in humans. We hypothesize that dogs with expressive eyebrows had a selection advantage and that "puppy dog eyes" are the result of selection based on humans' preferences. |
| Author | Burrows, Anne M Waller, Bridget M Hartstone-Rose, Adam Kaminski, Juliane Diogo, Rui |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Juliane surname: Kaminski fullname: Kaminski, Juliane email: juliane.kaminski@port.ac.uk organization: Centre for Comparative and Evolutionary Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth P01 2DY, United Kingdom; juliane.kaminski@port.ac.uk – sequence: 2 givenname: Bridget M orcidid: 0000-0001-6303-7458 surname: Waller fullname: Waller, Bridget M organization: Centre for Comparative and Evolutionary Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth P01 2DY, United Kingdom – sequence: 3 givenname: Rui surname: Diogo fullname: Diogo, Rui organization: Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059 – sequence: 4 givenname: Adam orcidid: 0000-0001-5307-5573 surname: Hartstone-Rose fullname: Hartstone-Rose, Adam organization: Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 – sequence: 5 givenname: Anne M surname: Burrows fullname: Burrows, Anne M organization: Department of Physical Therapy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15228 |
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| Keywords | facial muscle anatomy domestic dogs domestication wolves |
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| SubjectTerms | Animals Behavior, Animal - physiology Bonding, Human-Pet Dogs - physiology Domestication Eyebrows - physiology Facial Expression Facial Muscles - anatomy & histology Facial Muscles - physiology Female Humans Selection, Genetic Wolves - anatomy & histology Wolves - physiology |
| Title | Evolution of facial muscle anatomy in dogs |
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