Facilitative and synergistic interactions between fungal and plant viruses

Plants and fungi are closely associated through parasitic or symbiotic relationships in which bidirectional exchanges of cellular contents occur. Recently, a plant virus was shown to be transmitted from a plant to a fungus, but it is unknown whether fungal viruses can also cross host barriers and sp...

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Published in:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Vol. 117; no. 7; p. 3779
Main Authors: Bian, Ruiling, Andika, Ida Bagus, Pang, Tianxing, Lian, Ziqian, Wei, Shuang, Niu, Erbo, Wu, Yunfeng, Kondo, Hideki, Liu, Xili, Sun, Liying
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States 18.02.2020
Subjects:
Fungal Viruses - physiology
Fusarium - physiology
Fusarium - virology
Nicotiana - virology
Plant Diseases - virology
Plant Viruses - physiology
Tobacco Mosaic Virus - physiology
mycovirus
cross-kingdom
infection
plant virus
ISSN:1091-6490, 1091-6490
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Summary:Plants and fungi are closely associated through parasitic or symbiotic relationships in which bidirectional exchanges of cellular contents occur. Recently, a plant virus was shown to be transmitted from a plant to a fungus, but it is unknown whether fungal viruses can also cross host barriers and spread to plants. In this study, we investigated the infectivity of Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV1, family ), a capsidless, positive-sense (+), single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) fungal virus in a model plant, CHV1 replicated in mechanically inoculated leaves but did not spread systemically, but coinoculation with an unrelated plant (+)ssRNA virus, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV, family ), or other plant RNA viruses, enabled CHV1 to systemically infect the plant. Likewise, CHV1 systemically infected transgenic plants expressing the TMV movement protein, and coinfection with TMV further enhanced CHV1 accumulation in these plants. Conversely, CHV1 infection increased TMV accumulation when TMV was introduced into a plant pathogenic fungus, In the in planta inoculation experiment, we demonstrated that TMV infection of either the plant or the fungus enabled the horizontal transfer of CHV1 from the fungus to the plant, whereas CHV1 infection enhanced fungal acquisition of TMV. Our results demonstrate two-way facilitative interactions between the plant and fungal viruses that promote cross-kingdom virus infections and suggest the presence of plant-fungal-mediated routes for dissemination of fungal and plant viruses in nature.
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ISSN:1091-6490
1091-6490
DOI:10.1073/pnas.1915996117