The bacterial microbiota in the ceca of Capercaillie ( Tetrao urogallus) differs between wild and captive birds

The diet of wild capercaillie differs strongly between seasons. Particularly during winter, when energy demands are high and the birds forage solely on coniferous needles, microbial fermentations in the ceca are considered to contribute significantly to the energy requirement and to the detoxificati...

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Vydané v:	Systematic and applied microbiology Ročník 34; číslo 7; s. 542 - 551
Hlavní autori:	Wienemann, Tobias, Schmitt-Wagner, Dirk, Meuser, Katja, Segelbacher, Gernot, Schink, Bernhard, Brune, Andreas, Berthold, Peter
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	München Elsevier GmbH 01.11.2011 Elsevier
Predmet:	Abundance Actinobacteria Anaerobiospirillum Animal Feed Animals Animals, Wild - microbiology Aves bacteria Bacteria - classification Bacteria - genetics Bacteria - growth & development Bacteria - isolation & purification bacterial colonization bacterial communities Bacterial community Biological and medical sciences Birds captive animals Captivity Cecum Cecum - microbiology Cloning, Molecular Clostridiales Colonization Detoxification Diet Diets energy Energy requirements Feces Feces - microbiology Female Fermentation Fingerprinting forage Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Galliformes - microbiology genes Genes, Bacterial Genes, rRNA Genetic Variation Gut microbiota Intestine Male Megasphaera Metagenome Microbiology Mortality Phylogeny Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length Resins ribosomal RNA Ribotyping RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics rRNA 16S Seasons summer Synergistes Tetrao urogallus wild birds winter Gut microbiota Birds Diet Cecum Bacterial community Detoxification Digestive system Gut Microflora Wild animal Feeding Vertebrata Bacteria Captivity Aves Tetrao urogallus Microbial community
ISSN:	0723-2020, 1618-0984, 1618-0984
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Abstract	The diet of wild capercaillie differs strongly between seasons. Particularly during winter, when energy demands are high and the birds forage solely on coniferous needles, microbial fermentations in the ceca are considered to contribute significantly to the energy requirement and to the detoxification of the resinous diet. Here, we present the first cultivation-independent analysis of the bacterial community in the cecum of capercaillie, using the 16S rRNA gene as a molecular marker. Cloning and fingerprinting analyses of cecum feces show distinct differences between wild and captive birds. While certain lineages of Clostridiales, Synergistetes, and Actinobacteria are most prevalent in wild birds, they are strongly reduced in individuals raised in captivity. Most striking is the complete absence of Megasphaera and Synergistes species in captive capercaillie, which are characterized by a large abundance of Gammaproteobacteria closely related to members of the genus Anaerobiospirillum, bacteria that are commonly connected with intestinal dysfunction. The community profiles of cecum content from wild birds differed between summer and winter season, and the cecum wall may be an important site for bacterial colonization. Our results corroborate the hypothesis that the bacterial community in the ceca of tetraonid birds changes in response to their highly specialized seasonal diets. Moreover, we propose that the observed differences in community profiles between wild and captive capercaillie reflects a disturbance in the bacterial microbiota that compromises the performance of the cecum and may be responsible for the high mortality of captive birds released into nature.
AbstractList	The diet of wild capercaillie differs strongly between seasons. Particularly during winter, when energy demands are high and the birds forage solely on coniferous needles, microbial fermentations in the ceca are considered to contribute significantly to the energy requirement and to the detoxification of the resinous diet. Here, we present the first cultivation-independent analysis of the bacterial community in the cecum of capercaillie, using the 16S rRNA gene as a molecular marker. Cloning and fingerprinting analyses of cecum feces show distinct differences between wild and captive birds. While certain lineages of Clostridiales, Synergistetes, and Actinobacteria are most prevalent in wild birds, they are strongly reduced in individuals raised in captivity. Most striking is the complete absence of Megasphaera and Synergistes species in captive capercaillie, which are characterized by a large abundance of Gammaproteobacteria closely related to members of the genus Anaerobiospirillum, bacteria that are commonly connected with intestinal dysfunction. The community profiles of cecum content from wild birds differed between summer and winter season, and the cecum wall may be an important site for bacterial colonization. Our results corroborate the hypothesis that the bacterial community in the ceca of tetraonid birds changes in response to their highly specialized seasonal diets. Moreover, we propose that the observed differences in community profiles between wild and captive capercaillie reflects a disturbance in the bacterial microbiota that compromises the performance of the cecum and may be responsible for the high mortality of captive birds released into nature. The diet of wild capercaillie differs strongly between seasons. Particularly during winter, when energy demands are high and the birds forage solely on coniferous needles, microbial fermentations in the ceca are considered to contribute significantly to the energy requirement and to the detoxification of the resinous diet. Here, we present the first cultivation-independent analysis of the bacterial community in the cecum of capercaillie, using the 16S rRNA gene as a molecular marker. Cloning and fingerprinting analyses of cecum feces show distinct differences between wild and captive birds. While certain lineages of Clostridiales, Synergistetes, and Actinobacteria are most prevalent in wild birds, they are strongly reduced in individuals raised in captivity. Most striking is the complete absence of Megasphaera and Synergistes species in captive capercaillie, which are characterized by a large abundance of Gammaproteobacteria closely related to members of the genus Anaerobiospirillum, bacteria that are commonly connected with intestinal dysfunction. The community profiles of cecum content from wild birds differed between summer and winter season, and the cecum wall may be an important site for bacterial colonization. Our results corroborate the hypothesis that the bacterial community in the ceca of tetraonid birds changes in response to their highly specialized seasonal diets. Moreover, we propose that the observed differences in community profiles between wild and captive capercaillie reflects a disturbance in the bacterial microbiota that compromises the performance of the cecum and may be responsible for the high mortality of captive birds released into nature. The diet of wild capercaillie differs strongly between seasons. Particularly during winter, when energy demands are high and the birds forage solely on coniferous needles, microbial fermentations in the ceca are considered to contribute significantly to the energy requirement and to the detoxification of the resinous diet. Here, we present the first cultivation-independent analysis of the bacterial community in the cecum of capercaillie, using the 16S rRNA gene as a molecular marker. Cloning and fingerprinting analyses of cecum feces show distinct differences between wild and captive birds. While certain lineages of Clostridiales, Synergistetes, and Actinobacteria are most prevalent in wild birds, they are strongly reduced in individuals raised in captivity. Most striking is the complete absence of Megasphaera and Synergistes species in captive capercaillie, which are characterized by a large abundance of Gammaproteobacteria closely related to members of the genus Anaerobiospirillum, bacteria that are commonly connected with intestinal dysfunction. The community profiles of cecum content from wild birds differed between summer and winter season, and the cecum wall may be an important site for bacterial colonization. Our results corroborate the hypothesis that the bacterial community in the ceca of tetraonid birds changes in response to their highly specialized seasonal diets. Moreover, we propose that the observed differences in community profiles between wild and captive capercaillie reflects a disturbance in the bacterial microbiota that compromises the performance of the cecum and may be responsible for the high mortality of captive birds released into nature.The diet of wild capercaillie differs strongly between seasons. Particularly during winter, when energy demands are high and the birds forage solely on coniferous needles, microbial fermentations in the ceca are considered to contribute significantly to the energy requirement and to the detoxification of the resinous diet. Here, we present the first cultivation-independent analysis of the bacterial community in the cecum of capercaillie, using the 16S rRNA gene as a molecular marker. Cloning and fingerprinting analyses of cecum feces show distinct differences between wild and captive birds. While certain lineages of Clostridiales, Synergistetes, and Actinobacteria are most prevalent in wild birds, they are strongly reduced in individuals raised in captivity. Most striking is the complete absence of Megasphaera and Synergistes species in captive capercaillie, which are characterized by a large abundance of Gammaproteobacteria closely related to members of the genus Anaerobiospirillum, bacteria that are commonly connected with intestinal dysfunction. The community profiles of cecum content from wild birds differed between summer and winter season, and the cecum wall may be an important site for bacterial colonization. Our results corroborate the hypothesis that the bacterial community in the ceca of tetraonid birds changes in response to their highly specialized seasonal diets. Moreover, we propose that the observed differences in community profiles between wild and captive capercaillie reflects a disturbance in the bacterial microbiota that compromises the performance of the cecum and may be responsible for the high mortality of captive birds released into nature.
Author	Schink, Bernhard Brune, Andreas Segelbacher, Gernot Schmitt-Wagner, Dirk Berthold, Peter Meuser, Katja Wienemann, Tobias
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Tobias surname: Wienemann fullname: Wienemann, Tobias organization: Department of Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 10, 35043 Marburg, Germany – sequence: 2 givenname: Dirk surname: Schmitt-Wagner fullname: Schmitt-Wagner, Dirk organization: Vogelwarte Radolfzell, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany – sequence: 3 givenname: Katja surname: Meuser fullname: Meuser, Katja organization: Department of Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 10, 35043 Marburg, Germany – sequence: 4 givenname: Gernot surname: Segelbacher fullname: Segelbacher, Gernot organization: Department Wildlife Ecology and Management, Universität Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany – sequence: 5 givenname: Bernhard surname: Schink fullname: Schink, Bernhard organization: Mikrobielle Ökologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany – sequence: 6 givenname: Andreas surname: Brune fullname: Brune, Andreas email: brune@mpi-marburg.mpg.de organization: Department of Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 10, 35043 Marburg, Germany – sequence: 7 givenname: Peter surname: Berthold fullname: Berthold, Peter organization: Vogelwarte Radolfzell, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
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Keywords	Gut microbiota Birds Diet Cecum Bacterial community Detoxification Digestive system Gut Microflora Wild animal Feeding Vertebrata Bacteria Captivity Aves Tetrao urogallus Microbial community
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Snippet	The diet of wild capercaillie differs strongly between seasons. Particularly during winter, when energy demands are high and the birds forage solely on...
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SubjectTerms	Abundance Actinobacteria Anaerobiospirillum Animal Feed Animals Animals, Wild - microbiology Aves bacteria Bacteria - classification Bacteria - genetics Bacteria - growth & development Bacteria - isolation & purification bacterial colonization bacterial communities Bacterial community Biological and medical sciences Birds captive animals Captivity Cecum Cecum - microbiology Cloning, Molecular Clostridiales Colonization Detoxification Diet Diets energy Energy requirements Feces Feces - microbiology Female Fermentation Fingerprinting forage Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Galliformes - microbiology genes Genes, Bacterial Genes, rRNA Genetic Variation Gut microbiota Intestine Male Megasphaera Metagenome Microbiology Mortality Phylogeny Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length Resins ribosomal RNA Ribotyping RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics rRNA 16S Seasons summer Synergistes Tetrao urogallus wild birds winter
Title	The bacterial microbiota in the ceca of Capercaillie ( Tetrao urogallus) differs between wild and captive birds
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