Sex differences in health and disease: A review of biological sex differences relevant to cancer with a spotlight on glioma
The influence of biological sex differences on human health and disease, while being increasingly recognized, has long been underappreciated and underexplored. While humans of all sexes are more alike than different, there is evidence for sex differences in the most basic aspects of human biology an...
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| Vydáno v: | Cancer letters Ročník 498; s. 178 - 187 |
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| Hlavní autoři: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
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Ireland
Elsevier B.V
01.02.2021
Elsevier Limited |
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| ISSN: | 0304-3835, 1872-7980, 1872-7980 |
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| Abstract | The influence of biological sex differences on human health and disease, while being increasingly recognized, has long been underappreciated and underexplored. While humans of all sexes are more alike than different, there is evidence for sex differences in the most basic aspects of human biology and these differences have consequences for the etiology and pathophysiology of many diseases. In a disease like cancer, these consequences manifest in the sex biases in incidence and outcome of many cancer types. The ability to deliver precise, targeted therapies to complex cancer cases is limited by our current understanding of the underlying sex differences. Gaining a better understanding of the implications and interplay of sex differences in diseases like cancer will thus be informative for clinical practice and biological research. Here we review the evidence for a broad array of biological sex differences in humans and discuss how these differences may relate to observed sex differences in various diseases, including many cancers and specifically glioblastoma. We focus on areas of human biology that play vital roles in healthy and disease states, including metabolism, development, hormones, and the immune system, and emphasize that the intersection of sex differences in these areas should not go overlooked. We further propose that mathematical approaches can be useful for exploring the extent to which sex differences affect disease outcomes and accounting for those in the development of therapeutic strategies.
•Biological sex differences appear in many aspects of normal human biology•Sex differences may influence the etiology of many diseases—more work is needed•Immune, metabolic, & genetic sex differences affect glioblastoma treatment outcomes•Patients may benefit from sex–specific therapeutic strategies•Computational models can elucidate molecular sex–difference impacts on disease |
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| AbstractList | The influence of biological sex differences on human health and disease, while being increasingly recognized, has long been underappreciated and underexplored. While humans of all sexes are more alike than different, there is evidence for sex differences in the most basic aspects of human biology and these differences have consequences for the etiology and pathophysiology of many diseases. In a disease like cancer, these consequences manifest in the sex biases in incidence and outcome of many cancer types. The ability to deliver precise, targeted therapies to complex cancer cases is limited by our current understanding of the underlying sex differences. Gaining a better understanding of the implications and interplay of sex differences in diseases like cancer will thus be informative for clinical practice and biological research. Here we review the evidence for a broad array of biological sex differences in humans and discuss how these differences may relate to observed sex differences in various diseases, including many cancers and specifically glioblastoma. We focus on areas of human biology that play vital roles in healthy and disease states, including metabolism, development, hormones, and the immune system, and emphasize that the intersection of sex differences in these areas should not go overlooked. We further propose that mathematical approaches can be useful for exploring the extent to which sex differences affect disease outcomes and accounting for those in the development of therapeutic strategies. The influence of biological sex differences on human health and disease, while being increasingly recognized, has long been underappreciated and underexplored. While humans of all sexes are more alike than different, there is evidence for sex differences in the most basic aspects of human biology and these differences have consequences for the etiology and pathophysiology of many diseases. In a disease like cancer, these consequences manifest in the sex biases in incidence and outcome of many cancer types. The ability to deliver precise, targeted therapies to complex cancer cases is limited by our current understanding of the underlying sex differences. Gaining a better understanding of the implications and interplay of sex differences in diseases like cancer will thus be informative for clinical practice and biological research. Here we review the evidence for a broad array of biological sex differences in humans and discuss how these differences may relate to observed sex differences in various diseases, including many cancers and specifically glioblastoma. We focus on areas of human biology that play vital roles in healthy and disease states, including metabolism, development, hormones, and the immune system, and emphasize that the intersection of sex differences in these areas should not go overlooked. We further propose that mathematical approaches can be useful for exploring the extent to which sex differences affect disease outcomes and accounting for those in the development of therapeutic strategies. •Biological sex differences appear in many aspects of normal human biology•Sex differences may influence the etiology of many diseases—more work is needed•Immune, metabolic, & genetic sex differences affect glioblastoma treatment outcomes•Patients may benefit from sex–specific therapeutic strategies•Computational models can elucidate molecular sex–difference impacts on disease The influence of biological sex differences on human health and disease, while being increasingly recognized, has long been underappreciated and underexplored. While humans of all sexes are more alike than different, there is evidence for sex differences in the most basic aspects of human biology and these differences have consequences for the etiology and pathophysiology of many diseases. In a disease like cancer, these consequences manifest in the sex biases in incidence and outcome of many cancer types. The ability to deliver precise, targeted therapies to complex cancer cases is limited by our current understanding of the underlying sex differences. Gaining a better understanding of the implications and interplay of sex differences in diseases like cancer will thus be informative for clinical practice and biological research. Here we review the evidence for a broad array of biological sex differences in humans and discuss how these differences may relate to observed sex differences in various diseases, including many cancers and specifically glioblastoma. We focus on areas of human biology that play vital roles in healthy and disease states, including metabolism, development, hormones, and the immune system, and emphasize that the intersection of sex differences in these areas should not go overlooked. We further propose that mathematical approaches can be useful for exploring the extent to which sex differences affect disease outcomes and accounting for those in the development of therapeutic strategies.The influence of biological sex differences on human health and disease, while being increasingly recognized, has long been underappreciated and underexplored. While humans of all sexes are more alike than different, there is evidence for sex differences in the most basic aspects of human biology and these differences have consequences for the etiology and pathophysiology of many diseases. In a disease like cancer, these consequences manifest in the sex biases in incidence and outcome of many cancer types. The ability to deliver precise, targeted therapies to complex cancer cases is limited by our current understanding of the underlying sex differences. Gaining a better understanding of the implications and interplay of sex differences in diseases like cancer will thus be informative for clinical practice and biological research. Here we review the evidence for a broad array of biological sex differences in humans and discuss how these differences may relate to observed sex differences in various diseases, including many cancers and specifically glioblastoma. We focus on areas of human biology that play vital roles in healthy and disease states, including metabolism, development, hormones, and the immune system, and emphasize that the intersection of sex differences in these areas should not go overlooked. We further propose that mathematical approaches can be useful for exploring the extent to which sex differences affect disease outcomes and accounting for those in the development of therapeutic strategies. |
| Author | Canoll, Peter Whitmire, Paula McCarthy, Margaret M. Hu, Leland S. Ippolito, Joseph E. Doyle, Tatum E. Rubin, Joshua B. Anderson, Alexander R.A. Swanson, Kristin R. Fitzpatrick, Susan M. Massey, Susan Christine Mrugala, Maciej M. Wilson, Melissa A. |
| AuthorAffiliation | 6 Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 7 Integrated Mathematical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 10 Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 4 Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 14 Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 11 Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 12 Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 1 Mathematical NeuroOncology Laboratory, Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 2 College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 9 James S. McDonnell Foundation, St. Louis, MO 3 Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 15 School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 5 Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 8 School |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 13 Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO – name: 7 Integrated Mathematical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL – name: 4 Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ – name: 9 James S. McDonnell Foundation, St. Louis, MO – name: 3 Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO – name: 1 Mathematical NeuroOncology Laboratory, Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ – name: 5 Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ – name: 15 School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ – name: 12 Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO – name: 14 Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ – name: 2 College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI – name: 10 Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD – name: 6 Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY – name: 8 School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ – name: 11 Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Susan Christine orcidid: 0000-0002-4680-7796 surname: Massey fullname: Massey, Susan Christine organization: Mathematical NeuroOncology Laboratory, Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Paula orcidid: 0000-0001-7136-0175 surname: Whitmire fullname: Whitmire, Paula organization: Mathematical NeuroOncology Laboratory, Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Tatum E. surname: Doyle fullname: Doyle, Tatum E. organization: College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Joseph E. surname: Ippolito fullname: Ippolito, Joseph E. organization: Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: Maciej M. surname: Mrugala fullname: Mrugala, Maciej M. organization: Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA – sequence: 6 givenname: Leland S. surname: Hu fullname: Hu, Leland S. organization: Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA – sequence: 7 givenname: Peter surname: Canoll fullname: Canoll, Peter organization: Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA – sequence: 8 givenname: Alexander R.A. orcidid: 0000-0002-2536-4383 surname: Anderson fullname: Anderson, Alexander R.A. organization: Integrated Mathematical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA – sequence: 9 givenname: Melissa A. orcidid: 0000-0002-2614-0285 surname: Wilson fullname: Wilson, Melissa A. organization: School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA – sequence: 10 givenname: Susan M. surname: Fitzpatrick fullname: Fitzpatrick, Susan M. organization: James S. McDonnell Foundation, St. Louis, MO, USA – sequence: 11 givenname: Margaret M. surname: McCarthy fullname: McCarthy, Margaret M. organization: Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA – sequence: 12 givenname: Joshua B. surname: Rubin fullname: Rubin, Joshua B. organization: Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA – sequence: 13 givenname: Kristin R. surname: Swanson fullname: Swanson, Kristin R. email: Swanson.Kristin@mayo.edu organization: Mathematical NeuroOncology Laboratory, Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33130315$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Keywords | Precision medicine Glioma GBM glioblastoma IDH1 isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 Sex differences Sex factors Patient-specific computational modeling 18F-FDG PET 2-deoxy-2-(18F)fluoro-d-glucose positron emission tomography |
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| Title | Sex differences in health and disease: A review of biological sex differences relevant to cancer with a spotlight on glioma |
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