Sex differences in health and disease: A review of biological sex differences relevant to cancer with a spotlight on glioma

The influence of biological sex differences on human health and disease, while being increasingly recognized, has long been underappreciated and underexplored. While humans of all sexes are more alike than different, there is evidence for sex differences in the most basic aspects of human biology an...

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Vydáno v:Cancer letters Ročník 498; s. 178 - 187
Hlavní autoři: Massey, Susan Christine, Whitmire, Paula, Doyle, Tatum E., Ippolito, Joseph E., Mrugala, Maciej M., Hu, Leland S., Canoll, Peter, Anderson, Alexander R.A., Wilson, Melissa A., Fitzpatrick, Susan M., McCarthy, Margaret M., Rubin, Joshua B., Swanson, Kristin R.
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Ireland Elsevier B.V 01.02.2021
Elsevier Limited
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ISSN:0304-3835, 1872-7980, 1872-7980
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Abstract The influence of biological sex differences on human health and disease, while being increasingly recognized, has long been underappreciated and underexplored. While humans of all sexes are more alike than different, there is evidence for sex differences in the most basic aspects of human biology and these differences have consequences for the etiology and pathophysiology of many diseases. In a disease like cancer, these consequences manifest in the sex biases in incidence and outcome of many cancer types. The ability to deliver precise, targeted therapies to complex cancer cases is limited by our current understanding of the underlying sex differences. Gaining a better understanding of the implications and interplay of sex differences in diseases like cancer will thus be informative for clinical practice and biological research. Here we review the evidence for a broad array of biological sex differences in humans and discuss how these differences may relate to observed sex differences in various diseases, including many cancers and specifically glioblastoma. We focus on areas of human biology that play vital roles in healthy and disease states, including metabolism, development, hormones, and the immune system, and emphasize that the intersection of sex differences in these areas should not go overlooked. We further propose that mathematical approaches can be useful for exploring the extent to which sex differences affect disease outcomes and accounting for those in the development of therapeutic strategies. •Biological sex differences appear in many aspects of normal human biology•Sex differences may influence the etiology of many diseases—more work is needed•Immune, metabolic, & genetic sex differences affect glioblastoma treatment outcomes•Patients may benefit from sex–specific therapeutic strategies•Computational models can elucidate molecular sex–difference impacts on disease
AbstractList The influence of biological sex differences on human health and disease, while being increasingly recognized, has long been underappreciated and underexplored. While humans of all sexes are more alike than different, there is evidence for sex differences in the most basic aspects of human biology and these differences have consequences for the etiology and pathophysiology of many diseases. In a disease like cancer, these consequences manifest in the sex biases in incidence and outcome of many cancer types. The ability to deliver precise, targeted therapies to complex cancer cases is limited by our current understanding of the underlying sex differences. Gaining a better understanding of the implications and interplay of sex differences in diseases like cancer will thus be informative for clinical practice and biological research. Here we review the evidence for a broad array of biological sex differences in humans and discuss how these differences may relate to observed sex differences in various diseases, including many cancers and specifically glioblastoma. We focus on areas of human biology that play vital roles in healthy and disease states, including metabolism, development, hormones, and the immune system, and emphasize that the intersection of sex differences in these areas should not go overlooked. We further propose that mathematical approaches can be useful for exploring the extent to which sex differences affect disease outcomes and accounting for those in the development of therapeutic strategies.
The influence of biological sex differences on human health and disease, while being increasingly recognized, has long been underappreciated and underexplored. While humans of all sexes are more alike than different, there is evidence for sex differences in the most basic aspects of human biology and these differences have consequences for the etiology and pathophysiology of many diseases. In a disease like cancer, these consequences manifest in the sex biases in incidence and outcome of many cancer types. The ability to deliver precise, targeted therapies to complex cancer cases is limited by our current understanding of the underlying sex differences. Gaining a better understanding of the implications and interplay of sex differences in diseases like cancer will thus be informative for clinical practice and biological research. Here we review the evidence for a broad array of biological sex differences in humans and discuss how these differences may relate to observed sex differences in various diseases, including many cancers and specifically glioblastoma. We focus on areas of human biology that play vital roles in healthy and disease states, including metabolism, development, hormones, and the immune system, and emphasize that the intersection of sex differences in these areas should not go overlooked. We further propose that mathematical approaches can be useful for exploring the extent to which sex differences affect disease outcomes and accounting for those in the development of therapeutic strategies. •Biological sex differences appear in many aspects of normal human biology•Sex differences may influence the etiology of many diseases—more work is needed•Immune, metabolic, & genetic sex differences affect glioblastoma treatment outcomes•Patients may benefit from sex–specific therapeutic strategies•Computational models can elucidate molecular sex–difference impacts on disease
The influence of biological sex differences on human health and disease, while being increasingly recognized, has long been underappreciated and underexplored. While humans of all sexes are more alike than different, there is evidence for sex differences in the most basic aspects of human biology and these differences have consequences for the etiology and pathophysiology of many diseases. In a disease like cancer, these consequences manifest in the sex biases in incidence and outcome of many cancer types. The ability to deliver precise, targeted therapies to complex cancer cases is limited by our current understanding of the underlying sex differences. Gaining a better understanding of the implications and interplay of sex differences in diseases like cancer will thus be informative for clinical practice and biological research. Here we review the evidence for a broad array of biological sex differences in humans and discuss how these differences may relate to observed sex differences in various diseases, including many cancers and specifically glioblastoma. We focus on areas of human biology that play vital roles in healthy and disease states, including metabolism, development, hormones, and the immune system, and emphasize that the intersection of sex differences in these areas should not go overlooked. We further propose that mathematical approaches can be useful for exploring the extent to which sex differences affect disease outcomes and accounting for those in the development of therapeutic strategies.The influence of biological sex differences on human health and disease, while being increasingly recognized, has long been underappreciated and underexplored. While humans of all sexes are more alike than different, there is evidence for sex differences in the most basic aspects of human biology and these differences have consequences for the etiology and pathophysiology of many diseases. In a disease like cancer, these consequences manifest in the sex biases in incidence and outcome of many cancer types. The ability to deliver precise, targeted therapies to complex cancer cases is limited by our current understanding of the underlying sex differences. Gaining a better understanding of the implications and interplay of sex differences in diseases like cancer will thus be informative for clinical practice and biological research. Here we review the evidence for a broad array of biological sex differences in humans and discuss how these differences may relate to observed sex differences in various diseases, including many cancers and specifically glioblastoma. We focus on areas of human biology that play vital roles in healthy and disease states, including metabolism, development, hormones, and the immune system, and emphasize that the intersection of sex differences in these areas should not go overlooked. We further propose that mathematical approaches can be useful for exploring the extent to which sex differences affect disease outcomes and accounting for those in the development of therapeutic strategies.
Author Canoll, Peter
Whitmire, Paula
McCarthy, Margaret M.
Hu, Leland S.
Ippolito, Joseph E.
Doyle, Tatum E.
Rubin, Joshua B.
Anderson, Alexander R.A.
Swanson, Kristin R.
Fitzpatrick, Susan M.
Massey, Susan Christine
Mrugala, Maciej M.
Wilson, Melissa A.
AuthorAffiliation 6 Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
7 Integrated Mathematical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
10 Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
4 Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ
14 Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ
11 Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
12 Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
1 Mathematical NeuroOncology Laboratory, Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ
2 College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
9 James S. McDonnell Foundation, St. Louis, MO
3 Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
15 School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
5 Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ
8 School
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 13 Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
– name: 7 Integrated Mathematical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
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– name: 15 School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
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– name: 14 Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ
– name: 2 College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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– name: 8 School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
– name: 11 Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Susan Christine
  orcidid: 0000-0002-4680-7796
  surname: Massey
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  organization: Mathematical NeuroOncology Laboratory, Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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  orcidid: 0000-0001-7136-0175
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  organization: Mathematical NeuroOncology Laboratory, Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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  fullname: Doyle, Tatum E.
  organization: College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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  fullname: Ippolito, Joseph E.
  organization: Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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  fullname: Mrugala, Maciej M.
  organization: Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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  givenname: Leland S.
  surname: Hu
  fullname: Hu, Leland S.
  organization: Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
– sequence: 7
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  surname: Canoll
  fullname: Canoll, Peter
  organization: Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Alexander R.A.
  orcidid: 0000-0002-2536-4383
  surname: Anderson
  fullname: Anderson, Alexander R.A.
  organization: Integrated Mathematical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
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  givenname: Melissa A.
  orcidid: 0000-0002-2614-0285
  surname: Wilson
  fullname: Wilson, Melissa A.
  organization: School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
– sequence: 10
  givenname: Susan M.
  surname: Fitzpatrick
  fullname: Fitzpatrick, Susan M.
  organization: James S. McDonnell Foundation, St. Louis, MO, USA
– sequence: 11
  givenname: Margaret M.
  surname: McCarthy
  fullname: McCarthy, Margaret M.
  organization: Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
– sequence: 12
  givenname: Joshua B.
  surname: Rubin
  fullname: Rubin, Joshua B.
  organization: Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
– sequence: 13
  givenname: Kristin R.
  surname: Swanson
  fullname: Swanson, Kristin R.
  email: Swanson.Kristin@mayo.edu
  organization: Mathematical NeuroOncology Laboratory, Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33130315$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Copyright 2020
Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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Sun Sep 28 13:57:50 EDT 2025
Tue Oct 07 06:45:35 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 03 06:55:16 EDT 2025
Sat Nov 29 07:22:15 EST 2025
Tue Nov 18 22:19:37 EST 2025
Fri Feb 23 02:44:35 EST 2024
Tue Oct 14 19:30:15 EDT 2025
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Keywords Precision medicine
Glioma
GBM glioblastoma
IDH1 isocitrate dehydrogenase 1
Sex differences
Sex factors
Patient-specific computational modeling
18F-FDG PET 2-deoxy-2-(18F)fluoro-d-glucose positron emission tomography
Language English
License Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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Authorship
Conceptualization: All authors; Methodology: SCM, PW, KRS; Literature search/investigation: SCM, PW, TED; Initial drafting of the manuscript: SCM, PW, TED; Review and/or revision of the manuscript: All authors; Approval of final manuscript: All authors.
ORCID 0000-0001-7136-0175
0000-0002-2614-0285
0000-0002-2536-4383
0000-0002-4680-7796
OpenAccessLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8409250
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SubjectTerms Animals
Brain cancer
Cancer
Diabetes
Estrogens
Etiology
Gender differences
Glioblastoma
Glioma
Glioma - immunology
Glioma - metabolism
Glioma - pathology
Glioma - therapy
Glucose
Hormone replacement therapy
Hormones - metabolism
Humans
Immune system
Immune System - immunology
Males
Menstruation
Metabolism
Microbiota
Morphine
Oxidation
Pathophysiology
Patient-specific computational modeling
Precision medicine
Sex
Sex Characteristics
Sex differences
Sex factors
Sexes
Wound healing
X chromosomes
Y chromosomes
Title Sex differences in health and disease: A review of biological sex differences relevant to cancer with a spotlight on glioma
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https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2020.07.030
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33130315
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2470271345
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2456866714
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC8409250
Volume 498
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